上海市七宝中学2020届高三英语上学期摸底考试试题（含解析）

上海市七宝中学2020届高三英语上学期摸底考试试题（含解析）i. listening comprehension 25%section adirections: in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. a. shes too sick to have any visitor. b. her sisters flight was canceled.c. her sister has changed her plans. d. she picked up her sister last night.2. a. the library closes at five oclock. b. shell get the things the man needs.c. mary wants to go to the classroom too. d. there isnt enough time to go to the classroom.3. a. take less medicine each day. b. visit him as often as possible.c. have more stretching exercises. d. try a new kind of headache medicine.4. a. the next bus leaves in 15 minutes.b. the man can go to the exhibition by bus.c. the man missed the subway train to the exhibition.d. the subway will arrive at the exhibition before 11:30.5. a. the cellphone cannot be repaired.b. the woman misunderstood what he said.c. he doesnt know whats wrong with the cellphone.d. the problem is different from what he thought it was.6. a. she wished she had gone to sleep earlier.b. she missed the beginning of the program.c. she fell asleep before the program ended.d. she was awakened in time to see the program.7. a. more copies of the letter are needed.b. its too late to apply for the university.c. the man should get a more recent reference letter.d. the principal is the best person to write the letter of reference.8. a. he wants to talk to sally and mark.b. the woman should not let out others secret.c. he will explain to the woman what happened.d. the woman shouldnt get involved in the situation.9. a. he wants the woman to postpone the lecture.b. he hasnt finished preparing for his lecture.c. he cant explain the simple concepts of economics.d. he regularly gives lectures to high school students.10. a. hire a tutor before the mid-term exam. b. avoid making any mistake in the exam.c. turning to the same tutor that she had. d. work hard to catch up with others.section bdirections: in section b, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.questions 11 through 13 are based on the following lecture.11. a. most canals were not wide enough for the boats.b. other means of transportation became accessible.c. the boats were no longer considered fashionable.d. they learned the boats were bad for the environment.12. a. some people get frustrated with their speed.b. they are mainly used for transportation.c. people can have easy access to them.d. a license is needed to operate them.13. a. the changing role of narrow boats.b. the uniqueness of the design of narrow boats.c. the importance of narrow boats in the 18th century.d. the reason why british people say hello to strangers.questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. a. to get new design ideas.b. to make furniture used in space.c. to take part in scientific training.d. to create an environment similar to mars.15. a. it is operated by nasa.b. it offers people a taste of isolated life on mars.c. it is used to train people for an educational purpose.d. it helps people to get used to living with limited resources.16. a. how to store things.b. how to think creatively.c. how to live in space.d. how to cut down the cost.questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. a. profession. b. manners. c. news reports. d. psychology tests.18. a. by travelling worldwide. b. by testing the door holder.c. by dropping a pile of papers. d. by putting cups of coffee on a tray.19. a. 35. b. 55. c. 70. d. 90.20. a. she impressed the reporter with what she held in her hands.b. she helped the reporter even though her hands were full.c. she was looking for what she could do for others.d. she told the reporter a warm enough story.ii. grammar (1*10=10)directions: after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.a new study shows that _1_(good) your short-term memory the faster you feel fed up and decide youve had enough. the findings appear in the journal of consumer research.noelle nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the university of kansas school of business. she and her colleague joseph redden at the university of minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things _2_ very different rates. when you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. but a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” the difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.the researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. the students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintingslike the starry night, american gothic, and the screamor listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songsor three pieces of classical music. throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. “we found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them _3_(get) tired of the music or art more quickly. so remembering more details actually made the participants feel like theyd experienced the music or art more often.” the findings suggest that marketers _4_ cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. we could also trick _5_ into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. as for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about itit might help them have more fun.clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. a great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. if we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations _6_ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views _7_(challenge) by other members of society.face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication _8_(become) one of the dominating factors of current society. two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications_9_ local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news.no longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. in the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the tv to watch a program that _10_(channel) into millions of homes.【答案】1. the better 2. at 3. getting 4. could /can 5. ourselves 6. where 7. challenged 8. has become 9. so that 10. is being channeled【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到厌倦，并认为自己已经受够了。这项研究结果发表在消费者研究杂志上。同时说明了实验的过程以及说明如今人们的沟通方式的变化。【1题详解】考查形容词比较级。结合下文the faster you feel fed up可知为“the +比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越，越”，故填the better。【2题详解】考查介词。句意：我感兴趣的是，人们对同一事物感到厌倦的速度有很大差异。“at rate”表示“以的速度”，是固定搭配。故该空填介词at。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现，能力更强的人对音乐或艺术的记忆更多，这导致他们更快地厌倦音乐或艺术。lead to意为“导致”，to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故该空填动名词getting。【4题详解】考查情态动词。句意：研究结果表明，市场营销人员可以通过分散我们的注意力，不让我们完全记住自己的经历，来操纵我们对产品的欲望。根据下文cope为动词原形可知本空应填情态动词，表示“可以”，故填could/can。【5题详解】考查反身代词。句意：我们也可以通过回忆以前吃零食的经历来欺骗我们自己少吃垃圾食品。trick sb into doing sth“诱使某人做某事”。结合语境以及上文we可知此处表示“我们自己”应用反身代词。故填ourselves。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果我们乘公共汽车旅行，在商店买东西，或在餐馆吃饭，我们很可能在交谈中提供信息或意见，接收新闻或评论，很可能我们的观点会受到社会其他成员的挑战。分析句子结构可知，_6_ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views _7_(challenge) by other members of society是定语从句，修饰conversations，引导词在从句中作抽象地点状语，需用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。本句为“have sth. done”结构，challenge与views构成被动关系应用过去分词，故填challenged。【8题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文during the last two hundred years可知应用现在完成时，主语为the art of mass communication，谓语动词用单数。故填has become。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：其次，信息传播的速度已经彻底改变了通信的传输和接收方式，所以地方新闻常常被置于国家新闻之后，而国家新闻本身也常常被国际新闻所掩盖。本句为结果状语从句，表示“所以”，故填so that。【10题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：现在越来越多的人坐在家里，打开电视看正在被传输到千家万户的电视节目。that _10_(channel) into millions of homes是定语从句，修饰a program。空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语now，结合句意，人们观看的是正在被传输的电视节目，因此应用现在进行时态。且that指代a program是单数，和channel之间是被动关系，句子应用被动语态，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故填is being channeled。【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)如第六小题，句意：如果我们乘公共汽车旅行，在商店买东西，或在餐馆吃饭，我们很可能在交谈中提供信息或意见，接收新闻或评论，很可能我们的观点会受到社会其他成员的挑战。分析句子结构可知，_6_ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views _7_(challenge) by other members of society是定语从句，修饰conversations，引导词在从句中作抽象地点状语，需用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。vocabulary 10directions: fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.youre trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. the threat? a pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. as you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others?the short answer is yes. mosquitoes do _11_ blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. one in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes, reports jerry butler, phd, professor emeritus at the university of florida. but its not dinner theyre sucking out of you. female mosquitoes - males do not bite people - need human blood to develop _12_ eggs. and apparently, not just anyones will do.who mosquitoes like best? although researchers have yet to _13_ what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk (大块) of human flesh, the hunt is on. theres a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes, says joe conlon, phd, technical advisor to the american mosquito control association. with 400 different compounds to examine, its an extremely laborious process. researchers are just beginning to _14_ the surface, he says.scientists do know that genetics _15_ for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. theyve also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skins surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer.people with high _16_ of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes, butler tells webmd. that doesnt necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, butler explains. these people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skins surface.mosquitoes also _17_ people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist john edman, phd, spokesman for the entomological society of america. these substances can trigger mosquitoes sense of smell, luring them to land on _18_victims.but the process of attraction begins long before the landing. mosquitoes can smell their dinner from a(n) _19_ distance of up to 50 meters, explains edman. this doesnt bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide.luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at_20_.【答案】11. c 12. ac 13. bc 14. bd 15. ab 16. abc 17. b 18. ad 19. d 20. a【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家们发现蚊子确实显示出吸血的偏好，以及说明了人体中哪些因素会导致人更容易吸引蚊子的叮咬，如人体化学中的某些元素，皮肤表面高浓度类固醇或胆固醇的人会吸引蚊子以及包括那些产生过量某些酸的人等等。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：专家们说，蚊子确实显示出吸血的偏好。根据上文do可知应填动词原形，且结合句意可知表示“显示”应为exhibit。故选c。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：雌蚊雄蚊不咬人需要人的血液来培育可生育的卵子。修饰名词eggs应用形容词，且结合句意可知表示“能生育的”应为fertile。故选ac。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然研究人员还没有确定蚊子认为理想的人肉块是什么，但寻找工作正在进行。根据上文to可知填动词原形，且根据句意可知表示“确定；查明”应为pinpoint。故选bc。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：“研究人员才刚刚开始触及表面，”他说。begin to do sth ,可知本空应填动词原形，且根据句意可知表示“触及表面”短语为scratch the surface。故选bd。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：科学家确实知道，基因决定了我们85% 的人易受蚊子叮咬。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为genetics，本空需要动词，且根据句意可知表示“导致；决定”短语为account for。故选ab。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：“皮肤表面高浓度类固醇或胆固醇的人会吸引蚊子，”butler告诉webmd。根据上文high可知应填名词，且根据句意可知表示“浓度”为concentrations。故选abc。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：美国昆虫学会发言人、昆虫学家john edman博士解释说，蚊子目标还包括那些产生过量某些酸的人，比如尿酸。结合上文可知应填动词原形，且结合句意可知表示“以为目标”为target。故选b。18题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些物质可以触发蚊子的嗅觉，引诱它们落在毫无防备的受害者身上。修饰名词victims可知应填形容词，且结合句意表示“毫无防备的”为unsuspecting。故选ad。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：埃德曼解释说，蚊子从一个令人赞叹的距离50米远的地方就能闻到食物的味道。修饰名词distance应用形容词，且结合句意表示“令人赞叹的”为impressive。故选d【20题详解】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，有化学驱蚊剂和豆油驱蚊剂可以帮助阻止蚊虫叮咬。at bay意为“(猎物等)被困，处于走投无路的境地”，符合语境。故选a。iii. reading comprehensionsection a cloze: 15i recently met a texan couple whose son was still in diapers. they were seeking to get him into a preschool that _21_ a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions.the couple were ambivalent (uncertain) about doing this. they were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. in theory, they believed that all children should have an equal chance to succeed. but i _22_ that if they got their son a spot in the preschool, theyd take it.its a familiar story. psychologists, sociologists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing （评论；评判）the habits of “helicopter parents” and their school _23_. they insist that hyper-parenting backfires creating a generation of stressed-out kids who cant _24_ alone. parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculous.but a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting brings life-changing benefits. according to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasnt that much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. strict parenting _25_ an era of “permissive parenting” giving children lots of freedom with little oversight.in the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in western countries, especially the united states, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. permissive parenting was replaced by helicopter parenting. middle- and upper-class parents whod gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.american parents eventually increased their _26_ caregiving by about 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s.not all the changes were rational. but_27_, the new parenting efforts seemed effective. when the researchers analyzed the 2012 pisa, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports from the teenagers and their parents about how they interact, they found that an “intensive parenting style” correlated with higher scores on the test.its not enough just to _28_ over your kids, however. if you do it as an “authoritarian” parent defined as someone who _29_ directives, expects children to obey and sometimes hits those who dont you wont get the full benefits.the most effective parents, according to the authors, are “authoritative.” they use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. instead of strict obedience, they emphasize _30_, problem-solving and independence skills that will help their offspring in future workplaces that we cant even imagine yet.and they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails(圣杯) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff.the benefits arent just _31_. ina british study, kids raised by authoritative parents reported better health and higher self-esteem. in the american study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or _32_ alcohol.so why wouldnt everyone just become a(n) _33_ parent? religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience and believe in corporal punishment, the authors found. wo