国际商务英语综合教程 全套课件

An Integrated Course in International Business English,国际商务英语综合教程,Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to International Business国际商务简介,. Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms 1. economic surplus 经济盈余 2. portfolio pt n. 有价证券（清单） 3. a parent company 母公司 (又称控股公司，总公司，即通过参入制来控制其他公司活动的大公司，受 母公司控制的公司大致分为branch. Subsidiary) 4. turnkey project 由承包商一手承包办理的工程 5. expropriation n. 征收（私人财产）或剥夺（某人之地产等）,6. contemplate v. 在心中打算，企图 7. extraterritorial 治外法权的8. collection 收款，托收9. correspondent bank 代理银行，往来银行10. insurance policy 保险单11. insurance certificate 保险凭证12. weight memo (note) 重量单，磅码单13. institutional 惯例的，团体的14. multilateral 多边的，多方的15. implement 实行，实施16. legislation 立法17. adjudication 审判官，裁判员,.Language Points （语言要点） (Teachers should note that here we only give you some of the language points, you may add some by yourself.),1. but today it has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and service for a profit. 但是，今天商业有更为科学的定义，它是指为了利润而进行货物和劳务的生产、分配和销售的一种活动。2. For example, a machine tool is sold to someone in exchange for money or a mechanic offers a service by repairing a machine tool for money, which we call sales. 例如，将一台机床卖给某人成交得钱，或者一个机修工提供修理机床的服务而得钱，我们都称之为销售。,Which引导的定语从句为修饰主句的定语从句，which代表主句意义，注意译文。在科技英语与商务英语中，经常有由代表整个主句意义的关系代词which引出一个定语，翻译时和主句译成排比句。E.g. The sun gives us light and heat, which makes us live on the earth possibly. 太阳给了我们光和热，这就使得我们有可能生活在地球上。3. give rise to使产生，引起，导致 E.g. (以下例句由任课老师给出)4. different sovereign political units 不同的主权政治团体,5. cover a wide range of 包括的广大范围6. International transactions in physical goods involve products from mining, petroleum, agriculture, and manufacturing activities. 物质商品中的国际交易涉及矿产品、石油产品、农产品和生产活动。7. Transactions in services are extensive in the construction, hotel, tourism, business consulting, and retailing and wholesaling sectors; 服务行业中的交易扩大到建筑、旅馆、旅游、商业洽谈以及零售和批发部门；,8. Transactions in intangibles occur in fields such as technology, trademarks, and cross-border data transmission. 无形商品交易发生在技术、商标、跨国界资料的传递这样一些领域里。9. Foreign direct investments are defined as investments that give the investor effective control and are accompanied by managerial participation. 所谓国外直接投资被人们解释为使投资者有效地控制企业并参与管理的投资。 10. Direct investment may be financed in a number of ways other than through capital movements abroad. 直接投资可以用许多方式来提供资金，而不是通过国外资金的运动。,11. Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of nonaffiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 没有进行国外直接投资交托的公司，也可以从事国际商务活动。通过出口和进口、非分支机构的国外公司的许可，销售技术，国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全包办的工程来进行。12. The special risk elements confronted in international business activity include financial, political, regulatory, and tax risks. 国际商务活动面对的特别风险因素包括金融、政治、规章和税务的风险。,13. The need has become recognized for a continuing business intelligence activity of considerable complexity to identify and predict international risks. 人们逐渐认识到继续进行相当复杂的商务情报活动来辨认和预计国际风险是必要的。（pay attention to the translation.）14. Therefore, the world businessperson, unlike the wholly domestic businessperson, has to take into account complex and diverse legal constraints. 因此，世界商人完全不像国内商人，必须重视复杂的和各种法律约束。 has to take into account (consideration) 必须考虑15. Each international transaction raises the possibility of the extraterritorial extension of the domestic laws of the home and host states, which may result in potential conflicts. 每宗国际贸易都增加了本国和东道国内部法律延伸到境外实行的可能性，这可能引起潜在的争端。,16. When remittance is adopted in international trade, the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the seller through a bank according to the terms and time stipulated in the contract. 对外贸易的货款如采用汇付，由买方按合同约定的条件和时间，将货款通过银行主动汇给卖方。 17. The seller issues a draft, to which the shipping documents are attached, forwards the draft to a bank in his place (i.e., the remitting bank), makes an application for collection and entrusts the remitting bank to collect the purchase price from the buyer through its correspondent bank abroad (i.e., the collecting bank).由卖方开具汇票并随附单据，把它交给当地银行（托收银行或受托银行）并提出托收申请，委托该银行通过它在进口地的代理行（代收银行），代向进口人收款。,18. Because the remitting bank instructs the collecting bank not to part the documents with the latter until the draft is accepted or paid, many of the difficulties mentioned in “Shipment at first and Settlement later” are removed by this method. 因为托收银行指示代收银行直到买方承兑或支付汇票后才向他交单，这种方法排除了“先出后结”的许多弊病。19. It is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization at all levels. 管理班子由负责各级组织的经理们组成，他们的任务是确保公司目标的执行和追求企业有效经营。 Be composed of 由组成,20. In order to adequately and efficiently perform these management functions, managers need interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills. 为了能确切有效地执行管理的这些功能，经理们须要具有交际能力、组织能力和懂得一定的技术 21. The structure of the WTO is dominated by its highest authority, the Ministerial Conference, composed of representatives of all WTO members, which is required to meet at least every two years and which can make decisions on all matters under any of the multilateral trade agreements. 世界贸易组织的最高权威机构，是由其全体成员国的代表组成的部长级会议。部长级会议至少每两年召开一次，可根据多边贸易协议中的任何一项协议对所有的问题做出决定。(根据句子结构用语法翻译法引导学生翻译此长句。),. Keys to Test Yourself （练习答案）,1. Comprehension Questions1) Whats the definition of business today? Today, business has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution and sales of goods and services for profit.2) Whats the basic purpose of business activities? The basic purpose of business activities is creating profit or economic surplus. 3) What features does international business deal with? International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business features of business activities that cross national boundaries. (以下每课都只有前面3题给答案，4)题起以下均只给出题目，答案由任课老师备课时根据教辅自制。),4) Whats the scope of international business activities?5) Whats the definition of foreign direct investments?6) What does the special risk elements confronted in international business activities include?7) How do we treat the international risk?8) Why is international business law a creature of domestic law?9) Please say something about the management functions in international business.10) What laws and regulations on international business does China have?11) What does the word “credit” mean? Whats the commercial credit?,12) What ways of remittance can the buyer adopt when he sends the money to the seller?13) What is collection?14) What does D/P mean in international business?15) What does “Packing List” mean?16) What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?17) Where are the headquarters of the WTO?18) What are the fundamental functions of the WTO?19) What is the highest authority of the WTO and how often is it required to meet?,2. Translate the following economic terms into English:,1) 商品交换或贸易 exchange or trade for goods2) 世界经济舞台 the world economic scene 3) 国外直接投资 foreign direct investment4) 多国企业5) 商业和投资银行 6) 有价证券投资7) 金融风险 8) 支付差额9) 法律文件 10) 有效经营 (以下每课都只有前面3题给答案，4)题起以下均只给出题目，答案由任课老师备课时根据教辅自制。),3. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate words.Investment in one country individuals and organizations another is an important aspect of international business. Investment may be for in the form of securities or direct capital in the form of productive facilities. Colonialism and have often been described in terms of powerful nations exploiting the and natural resources of weaker, less-developed countries. While some exploitation still remain, most developing as well as nations now substantially control the types, and ownership terms of investments by foreigners.(此部分，仅给出课后习题中的一部分起引导作用，请任课教师根据需要自行增添内容。),by,from,portfolio,imperialism,changes,human,developed,scopes,made,4. Translate the Following Passage into English，then Answer the Following Questions: 管理职能本世纪初，一位名叫亨利法约尔的工业家曾撰文指出管理者应履行五项管理职能：计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。50年代中期，两位教授把计划、组织、人事安排、指挥和控制作为一本管理教科书的编写框架，该书成为随后20年中最畅销的管理类教科书。当今最流行的管理教材仍然按管理的职能编排，但这些职能通常已被概括为最基本的四项，即计划、组织、领导和控制。下面我们简要阐述每一项职能的含义。,translation:,Management FunctionsIn the early part of this century, a French Industrialist by the name of Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions: they plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was the most widely sold text on the subject. The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, although these have been condensed generally to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Lets briefly define what each of these functions encompasses.(only part of the text is given and translated. The teacher can add more if needed.),1) What functions do manages usually perform? All mangers perform five management functions: they plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control.2) Whats the role of management in an organization? If you dont have any particular destination in mind, any road will not get you there eventually. Since organizations exist to achieve some purpose, someone must define that purpose and the means for its achievement. Management is that someone.,3) Why is controlling Function necessary? After the goals are set (planning function), the plans formulated (planning function), the structural arrangements delineated (organizing function), and the people hired, trained, and motivated (leading function), something may still go wrong. To ensure that things are going as they should, management must monitor the organizations performance. Actual performance must be compared with the previously set goals. It there are any significant deviations, its managements job to get the organization back on track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what we mean by the controlling function.,Chapter 2 Business Organizations,商务组织,. Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms (专业术语),1. proprietorship 所有权2. stockholder 股东，持股人3. partnership 合伙企业4. entity 实体5. bankruptcy 破产6. joint-stock company 合股公司7. dividend 红利，股息8. bylaw 附则，细则9. treasurer 司库，财务长10. comptroller 主计长，总会计师,.Language Points (语言要点） (Teachers should note that here we only give you some of the language points, you may add some by yourself.),1. under a variety of forms of business organization. 以各种不同的商务组织形式 Under 据，依照， 以为依据 e.g. Under the terms of agreement, the goods should be delivered in October.2. The factors to be weighed in making the decision 在做出决定时需权衡的因素 to be weighed in 不定式的被动式作定语修饰factors。 E.g. The machine to be designed and made in our factory will be exported to America. 我们厂设计和制造的机器将出口到美国。,3. A general partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on, as co-owners, a business for profit. 一般合伙企业是两个或两个以上的个人以共同所有者的身份，为从事盈利性的商业活动而组成的组织。 1）association 社团，协会，行业组织 2）to carry on, as co-owners, a business for profit 隔离不定式（不定式与宾语之间加状语）4. Also, the partners may take advantage of various business deductions for tax purposes. 并且合伙人也可以享受多种税收优惠。 take advantage of 享受的优惠,5. A primary difference between the two is that ordinarily preferred stockholders are entitled to receive their dividends before common stockholders. 两者（普通股东和优先股东）最主要的区别是优先股股东可以在普通股股东之前获取股息。 Be entitled to do 有权做6. Today few, if any, countries are economically self-sufficient . 当今，几乎没有国家在经济上是自给自足的。(注意省略部分的译文。) 7. A rough estimate suggests that the 300 largest TNCs own or control at least one-quarter of the entire worlds productive assets, worth about US $5 trillion. 粗略的估计表明300家最大的跨国公司拥有、或者控制着全世界生产性资产的四分之一，价值伍万亿。 Productive assets 生产性资产 Worth about US $5 trillion 价值五万亿美元,8. Because Tran nationality has many dimensions and can be viewed from several perspectives-economic, political, legal, etc., TNC has the following features: 跨国公司因为其跨国性具有多个尺度，能从多个角度来看如经济、政治、法律以及其他等等，跨国公司具备下列特征： transnationality= transnational company 跨国公司 many dimensions 多角性， 多种尺度9. As per capita income increases, as levels of education increase and as the growth in communications technology increases awareness of alternative lifestyles, there are rising expectations with regard to matters such as housing, welfare, recreation, and medicine. 收入的增加、教育水平的增长和通信技术的发展使人们对生活方式有更大的选择，对诸如住房、福利、娱乐和医疗方面的需求逐步增加。,1）per capita 人均，每人，按人头2）as capita income 随着人均收入3）as levels of education increase 随着教育水平的提高4）as the growth in communication technology increases 随着通讯技术的发展5）awareness of alternative lifestyles 选择生活方式的意识6）rising expectations 增长着的愿望7）with regard to 关于8）such as 诸如9）welfare 福利10）recreation 娱乐,10. There exists some evidence that foreign direct investment by TNCs and the foreign exchange that TNCs provide can improve the economic performance of the countries in which they operate. 一些事实说明，跨国公司的直接投资和资本往来可显明地促进东道国的经济增长。 复合句，用语法引导翻译法。指导学生理解和翻译。 1)主句there exists some evidence 2) 第一个that 引导的定语从句用以修饰主句的主语。这个定语从句有两个主语foreign direct investment和foreign exchange， 谓语是can improve 3)第二个that 引导的定语从句that TNCs provide 修饰第一个定语从句的主语。 4)In which 引导的定语从句修饰countries 5)Perfomance 经营，业绩，履行,11) Although in theory transnational corporations can foster social development in developing countries by transferring management skills as well as research and development (R&D) capacities, in practice their record in this field is mixed. 虽然在理论上跨国公司可以通过传递管理技术和研发知识来推动社会的进步，但实践的效果喜忧参半。 1) foster social development 推动社会的发展 2) by transferring management skills as well as research and development capacities. 通过传递管理技术和研发能力（来推动社会的进步） 3) be mixed 掺和，结合，喜忧参半,. Keys to Test Yourself（练习答案）,1. Comprehension Questions1) What are the major disadvantages of sole proprietorship? Sole proprietorship has the following disadvantages: First, the owner is exposed to unlimited liability. That means the owner is personally liable for all debts of the business. These debts may be incurred as a result of a contract obligation or as a result of tort liability. Second, the sole proprietorship is normally not in the best position to raise large sums of money because its ability to repay loans is limited by the assets of the individual proprietor. The third disadvantage is the sole proprietorships lack of continuity.,2) What are the chief differences between general partnership and limited partnership? The chief differences between general partnership and limited partnership are that: (1) one or more partners in the limited partnership have limited liabilitythat is, their liability is limited to the extent of their investment in the partnershipwhereas all partners in a general partnership have unlimited liability. (2) Limited partners have no control over the everyday management. )3) Is general partnership a legal entity? Although general partnership is regarded as an entity in itself in the course of daytoday business activities, the common law does not recognize it a legal entity, but usually as an aggregation of individuals. Thus, a partnership is not a fictional person with a distinct legal existence apart from its members.,4) Why is it desirable to have articles of partnership as far as partnership is concerned?5) What has to be dealt with between dissolution and termination of a partnership?6) Why are the limited partners in a limited partnership like shareholders in a corporation?7) What are the main advantages and disadvantage of joint-stock company?8) Why is a corporation a separate legal entity for all purposes?9) Which feature makes a corporation attractive to investors? Why?10) Make a brief comparison between sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation.,2. Translate the Following Economic Terms into English:,1) 独资企业 sole proprietorship 2) 普通合伙企业 general partnership3) 法人 fictional person4) 合股公司5)董事会 6) 国有公司 7) 资本摊缴 8) 多数股权 9) 优先股股东10) 公司章程,3. Read the Following Passage and Fill in the Blanks with Appropriate Words:,Of the there most basic forms of business , the sole proprietorship is the easiest to start or to . Its advantages include the fact that the can keep all the profits, has freedom in business and keep them in . The owner can also personal satisfaction if the business is a . On the other hand, a sole proprietorship has limitations in terms of the and the life of the business, and the owner must unlimited liability for all .,organization,dissolve,owner,operations,secrecy,derive,success,size,assume,obligations,4. Translate the Following Passage into English，then Answer the Following Questions:,公司法规所定的建立新有限公司的程序中，除了别的内容之外，还包括拟订公司章程和公司条例。公司条例的目的在于制订一套规章来控制公司的内部运转，其内容包括：公司股票的发行与转让，召开全体会议须遵循的程序，股东的选举权及许多其他事项。公司条例必须向公司注册官登记。否则，注册官将认定该公司已采用公司法则（1948）表格A中所列的条款。1) What does the procedure for the establishment of a new limited company include among other things? The procedure for the establishment of a new limited company laid down in the Companies Acts includes among other things the drawing up of a Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association.2) What is the purpose of the Articles of Association? The purpose of the Articles of Association is to prescribe a set of rules to govern the