[硕士论文精品]英语电视访谈中闪避应答的关联理论视角研究

摘要电视访谈采用传统的信息交谈一会话的形式，以新闻为主题内容，以电视为载体来阐释和报道新闻。电视访谈融“访“与“谈”为一体且带有表演性质，因此，它是既有别于其他职业话语和同常谈话、同时又兼具职业话语和同常谈话特征的媒体话语结构。作为一种重要的媒体手段，电视访谈引起越来越多的新闻学者以及社会学者的关注。近年来，一些语言学研究者也对电视访谈的研究产生了极大兴趣和深切关注，但大多数学者侧重于采访者语用策略的研究。相比之下，对受访者语用策略的研究还不够重视。因此，本文试图从关联理论视角研究电视访谈中受访者的闪避应答现象，以便使我们更好地理解相关从业人员如何选择策略，实现其预定的交际目的。闪避应答是问答交际中的一项重要策略。本论文在ORR、BURKINS和DILLON等学者对闪避应答现象进行研究的基础上，得出对电视访谈中闪避应答现象的理解在问答交际过程中受访者故意采取的语用上满足采访者探求信息的目的，但在语义上违反采访者真实意图的交际策略。SPERBER和WILSON关联理论的基本思想是语言交际是一种明示一推理交际，它涉及到交际过程的两个方面明示过程和推理过程。明示是对说话人而言的，指的是说话人“明确地向听话人表示意图的种行为”；推理是对听话人而言的，听话人凭说话人提供的“显映”的方式进行解码，并将解码得到的证据作为前提的一部分，再结合听话人本身的认知语境对话语信息按一定的方向进行推理，最终达到对话语信息的正确理解。在关联理论的指导下，本论文认为电视访谈也是一种明示一推理过程。因此，关联理论对电视访谈中的闪避应答现象具有强大的解释力。为使本项研究具有可信性和代表性，本论文以美国收视率极高的著名访谈节目LARRYKINGLIVE为语料，主题为2008年美国比较有影响的事件美国总统选举和华尔街风暴。通过定性分析，从而分析受访者采取何种策略达到闪避效果。研究发现，受访者主要采取如下措施达到闪避这一效果1重构认知语境通过改变认知假设明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOM扩大语境、通过改变认知假设缩小语境、改变认知语境；2利用认知语境以问作答和解释。同时，本论文还从微观和宏观两方面分析了闪避应答的语用功能。本论文在理论层面上丰富了对闪避应答的研究，并为相关从业人员提供实践上的帮助。然而由于篇幅和时间有限，本论文只是对英语电视访谈中的闪避应答现象做了研究，对于其他领域中的闪避应答将有待于迸一步的探索。关键词英语电视访谈；闪避应答；关联理论ABSTRACTTVINTERVIEWUSESAVERYCONVENTIONALFORMOFCOMMUNICATIONCONVERSATION，ANDTAKESNEWSASITSCONTENTANDTELEVISIONASAMEDIUMTOPRESENTITSELFBECAUSETVINTERVIEWCOMBINESTHEINTERVIEWINGWITHCOMMUNICATINGANDPERFORMSFORTHEAUDIENCE，ITISDIFFERENTFROMOTHERINSTITUTIONALINTERACTIONSORCASUALCONVERSATIONSBUTRETAINSTHEFEATURESOFTHEM，ANDFORMSAUNIQUESTRUCTUREOFITSOWNASANIMPORTANTMEDIA，TVINTERVIEWHASAROUSEDMOREANDMOREJOURNALISTSANDSOCIOLOGISTSINTERESTSNOWADAYS，MOREANDMORELINGUISTICSCHOLARSAREALSOPAYINGATTENTIONTOTHESTUDYOFTVINTERVIEWHOWEVER,MOSTOFTHEPREVIOUSANDCURRENTRESEARCHERSAREMORECONCERNEDWITHTHESTRATEGIESOFTHEINTERVIEWER,NEGLECTINGTHESTRATEGIESOFTHEINTERVIEWEETHEPRESENTTHESISISINTENDEDTOPROBEINTOTHEEVASIVEANSWEROFTHEINTERVIEWEEINTVINTERVIEWFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFRELEVANCETHEORYBYEXPLORINGTHIS，WECANBETTERUNDERSTANDHOWTHEINVOLVEDPARTICIPANTSSELECTSTRATEGIESTOACHIEVETHEIRCOMMUNICATIVEPURPOSESEVASIVEANSWERISANIMPORTANTSTRATEGYINQUESTIONANSWERCOMMUNICATIONBASEDONTHESTUDYOFTHEPREVIOUSRESEARCHERS，INCLUDINGORR，BURKINS，DILLONECT，THEPRESENTTHESISDEFINESEVASIVEANSWERLIKETHISINTVINTERVIEW，THESTRATEGYEMPLOYEDDELIBERATELYBYINTERVIEWEEWILLPRODUCECERTAINRESPONSES，WHICHARELOOKEDASIFSATISFYINGTHEINTERVIEWERSPURPOSEOFSEEKINGTHEINFORMATIONBUTAVOIDINGTHEINTERVIEWERSREALINTENTIONSKILLFULLYTHEINTENTIONDRIVENCOMMUNICATIVESTRATEGYTHATBELONGSTOTHEREALMOFQUESTIONANSWERPROCESSUSEDBYINTERVIEWEEISDESCRIBEDASEVASIVEANSWERTHECENTRALIDEAOFRELEVANCETHEORYIS“COMMUNICATIONISOSTENSIVEINFERENTIALPROCESS”THECOMMUNICATIONINVOLVESTWOPROCESSESOSTENSIONPROCESSANDINFERENCEPROCESSTHENOTION“OSTENSION”INTHEDEFINITIONOFCOMMUNICATIONREFERSTOTHEBEHAVIORTHAT“MAKESMANIFESTANINTENTIONTOMAKESOMETHINGMANIFEST”INTHEINFERENCEPROCESS，THEHEARERFIRSTDECODESTHESOUNDMESSAGEINFORMATIVEINTENTIONTHATHASBEENMADEMANIFESTBYTHE明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOMSPEALER，ANDTHENMAKESANINFERENCEOFTHESPEAKERSCOMMUNICATIVEINTENTIONNEWINFORMATIONINACERTAINDIRECTION，WITHTHEDECODEDEVIDENCEASONEPARTOFTHEPREMISE，COMBINEDWITHTHEHEARERSOWNCOGNITIVECONTEXTOLDINFORMATIONWITHINTHEFRAMEWORKOFRELEVANCETHEORY，THEAUTHORVIEWSTVINTERVIEWASANOSTENSIVEINFERENTIALPROCESSTHEREFORE，THERELEVANCETHEORYCANBEAPPLIEDTOITINORDERTOMAKETHISSTUDYCONVINCIBLEANDREPRESENTATIVE，THEAUTHORTRIESTOOBSERVELARRYKINGLIVE,WHICHISTHEAMERICANHIGHESTRATEPROGRAM，ANDCOLLECTSMOREINFLUENTIALEVENTSTHATHAPPENEDINAMERICAIN2008INCLUDINGTHEAMERICANELECTIONANDTHEWALLSTREETSTORMBASEDONTHEDATACOLLECTEDFROMLARRYKINGLIVE，THEPRESENTTHESISFINDSTHATTHEREARETWOWAYSTOACHIEVETHESTRATEGYOFEVASIVEANSWER；RECONSTRUCTINGTHECOGNITIVECONTEXTBROADENINGTHECONTEXTBYENLARGINGTHECOGNITIVEASSUMPTIONS,NARROWINGTHECONTEXTBYREDUCINGTHECOGNITIVEASSUMPTIONS，CHANGINGTHECONTEXTANDMAKINGUSEOFTHECOGNITIVECONTEXTRESPONDINGBYASKING，EXPLANATIONMEANWHILE，THEPRESENTTHESISANALYZESTHEFUNCTIONOFEVASIVEANSWERFROMMICROANDMACROASPECTSTHEPRESENTTHESISENRICHESTHESTUDYOFEVASIVEANSWERINTHEORYANDPROVIDESTHEINVOLVEDPARTICIPANTSWITHSOMEPRACTICALHELPHOWEVER,BECAUSEOFTHELIMITEDSPACEANDTIME，THEPRESENTTHESISONLYREFERSTOEVASIVEANSWERINENGLISHTVINTERVIEWTHEREFORE，MORECOMPREHENSIVEWORKABOUTEVASIVEANSWERMAYBEDONEINOTHERAREASKEYWORDSENGLISHTVINTERVIEW；EVASIVEANSWER；RELEVANCETHEORYLISTOFFIGUREANDTABLEFIGURE31THECOGNITIVEPROCESSOFEVASIVEANSWER36TABLE41THESTATISTICSOFEVASIVEANSWERZL4V明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOM原创性声明本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均己在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名溶二堇奎坠日期主整竺壁关于学位论文使用授权的声明本人完全了解济南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借鉴；本人授权济南大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文和汇编本学位论文。保密论文在解密后应遵守此规定，1论文作者签名江盘垒煞导师济南夫学硕十学位论文CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONNOWADAYS，NEWSINTERVIEWHASBECOMEAMAJORWAYFORPRESENTINGNEWSANDCOMMENTARIESMANYPUBLICFIGURESAREWILLINGTOBEINTERVIEWED，BYNEWSPAPERS，RADIOORTV，TOCOMMUNICATEWITHTHEPUBLICAMONGTHOSEDIFFERENTMEANSOFMEDIA，TVINTERVIEWBEGINSTOPERMEATETHROUGHTODAYSSOCIETY，ANDPLAYSAVERYIMPORTANTROLEINKEEPINGPEOPLEINFORMEDANDENTERTAINEDDURINGTHETVINTERVIEW，THEINTERVIEWERMAYASKTHEINTERVIEWEESOMEQUESTIONSONCURRENTAFFAIRSINORDERTOOBTAINSOMENEWINFORMATIONHOWEVER，SUCHKINDOFDESIRECANNOTALWAYSBESATISFIEDSOMETIMES，WHENENCOUNTERINGEMBARRASSINGQUESTIONSORPRIVATETOPICS，THEINTERVIEWEEWILLDELIBERATELYAVOIDTHEINTERVIEWERSQUESTIONSUNDERSUCHCIRCUMSTANCES，ALANGUAGEPHENOMENONTHATISCALLEDEVASIVEANSWEROCCURSINTHEPRESENTSTUDY11RATIONALEOFTHERESEARCHTHEFOLLOWINGARETHEMAINFORCES，WHICHDRIVETHEAUTHORTOPROBEINTOEVASIVEANSWERINENGLISHTVINTERVIEWFIRSTLY，TVINTERVIEWISAWORTHYRESEARCHTOPICINTHISINFORMATIONERABECAUSETECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONSANDADVANCEDELECTRONICNEWSTOGETHERWITHEQUIPMENTMAKEALLKINDSOFNEWS，REGIONALORNATIONAL，DOMESTICORFOREIGN，AVAILABLETOTHEPUBLICPEOPLEHAVEDEVELOPEDAFARGREATERINTERESTTHANEVERBEFOREINTHEOUTSIDEWORLD，PARTICULARLYTHOSEFAMOUS，SUCCESSFULANDINFLUENTIALFIGURESINTHEWORLDTHEAUDIENCEISNOTCONTENTEDWITHTHETRADITIONALNARRATIVEORSTORYFORMOFNEWSPRESENTATIONANYMORE；INSTEAD，THEYWANTTOHAVEACLOSERCONTACTWITHTHEREALITYTHROUGHAUDIOVISUALSASARESULT，TVINTERVIEWISENJOYINGAGROWINGPARTINMODEMLIFETHEAUTHOR，LIKEMANYOTHERS，ISVERYINTERESTEDINTVINTERVIEWWITHALLKINDSOFFAMOUSPEOPLEONTVTHROUGHTVINTERVIEW，MOREINFORMATIONABOUTTHELIFEANDTHOUGHTOFTHEINTERVIEWEEISVIVIDLYPRESENTEDONTHESCREENASINFACETOFACECOMMUNICATIONITISBELIEVEDTHATACAREFULANALYSISOFNEWS1明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOM英语电视访谈中闪避麻答的关联理论视角研究INTERVIEWWOULDYIELDMOREFRUITFULRESULTSSECONDLY，ALTHOUGHMANYSOCIOLOGISTSHAVEBEENPAIDMOREATTENTIONTOTHESOCIALSIGNIFICANCEOFNEWSINTERVIEW，FEWOFTHEMEXPLOREITFROMLINGUISTICPERSPECTIVETHEREFORE，ITISWORTHYOFMORELINGUISTICANALYSISINFACT，SOMEINTERESTINGLANGUAGEPHENOMENAOFTVINTERVIEWHAVEBEENANALYZEDAMONGTHESTUDIESOFLANGUAGEPHENOMENAONTVINTERVIEW，EVASIVEANSWERISONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARHOWEVER，ASCARCELITERATUREONTVINTERVIEWISROUGHLYAVAILABLEINTHISDIRECTIONWITHINLINGUISTICCIRCLE；MANYOFTHEMAREBASEDONAFRAMEWORKOFCONVERSATIONALANALYSIS,WHICHLEADSTOTHEOVERALLDESCRIPTIVENATUREOFTHEACHIEVEMENTSHOWEVER，INVESTIGATIONSINTOTHEDYNAMICSANDEXPLANATORYSTUDIESARESCANTYTHEREFORE，THEPRESENTSTUDYTRIESTOACCOUNTFOREVASIVEANSWERINTVINTERVIEWFROMTHECOGNITIVEPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVE12PROBLEMSUNSOLVEDINTHEEXISTINGSTUDIESEVASIVEANSWERISATRADITIONALTOPICTHATMANYRESEARCHERSINCLUDINGSOCIOLOGISTS，LINGUISTSANDJOUMALISMRESEARCHERSHAVESTUDIEDFROMDIFFERENTPERSPECTIVEHOWEVER,THEREARESOMEPROBLEMSSTILLUNSOLVEDAFTERASCRUTINYOFTHERELATEDLITERATURETHEFIRSTLIESINTHEDEFINITIONOFEVASIVEANSWERALTHOUGHRESEARCHERSBOTHATHOMEANDABROADOFFEREDDIFFERENTDEFINITIONSOFIT，NOONEHASTRIEDTOPINDOWNADISTINCTIVEDEFINITIONOFTHISPHENOMENONANDDISTINGUISHEDTHEDEFINITIONBETWEENTHERELATEDTERMSBYCONSIDERINGTHESEPROBLEMS，ITISNECESSARYTOFORMADEFINITIONANDCLARIFYTHEMTHESECONDONEEXISTSINTHELIMITATIONSOFANALYSISOREXEMPLIFICATIONOFHOWTHEINTERVIEWEEEVADESALTHOUGHJOURNALISMRESEARCHERSAREINTERESTEDINHOWTHEINTERVIEWEEEVADESTHEYDONOTFURTHERANALYZEOREXPLAINITSOCIOLOGICALRESEARCHERSTOUCHUPONTHEDYNAMICSOFEVASIVEANSWER，BUTLACKOFEXPLAININGWHYTHEIMERVIEWEECHOOSESEVASIVEANSWERASTHESTRATEGYANDHENCEFALLSHORTOFAFULLPICTUREOFOPERATINGOFEVASIVEANSWERINTHENEWSINTERVIEWEGBULL2003121，CLAYMAN2001103THEREFORE，THISSTUDYISINTENDEDTOINTERPRETTHOSEUNSOLVEDQUESTIONSSOASTOBRINGLIGHTTOTHEDYNAMICSOF2济南大学硕十学位论文EVASIVEANSWERINTVINTERVIEWMOREOVER，ASYSTEMATICANALYSISOFFUNCTIONISANECESSARYCOMPONENTOFAFULLPORTRAITOFEVASIVEANSWERASACOMMUNICATIVESTRATEGYTHIRDLY，ALTHOUGHSCHOLARSTAKEEVASIVEANSWERASACOMMUNICATIVESTRATEGYTOSTUDY，NOONEDOESTHERESEARCHFROMTHECOGNITIVEANDPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVEINORDERTOSOLVETHOSEUNSOLVEDPROBLEMS，AMOREPOWERFULCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKWILLBEFORMULATEDTOSTUDYTHEEVASIVEUSEOFLANGUAGEINENGLISHTVINTERVIEWFROMTHECOGNITIVEANDPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVERELEVANCETHEORY13OBJECTIVESOFTHESTUDYTHEPRESENTTHESISISINTENDEDTOSTUDYASPECIALPHENOMENONEVASIVEANSWERDYNAMICALLYAUNIFIEDTHEORETICALMODELISANECESSITYFORASYSTEMATICANDDETAILEDANALYSISOFTHEOPERATIONOFEVASIVEANSWERTHEREFORE，ITISNECESSARYTOFINDTHECOGNITIVEMECHANISMUNDERLYINGEVASIVEANSWERINTHISTHESIS，ITWILLMANAGETOFULFILLTHEOBJECTIVESASFOLLOWSFIRSTLY，ACLEARDEFINITIONOFEVASIVEANSWERWILLBEPRESENTEDBYWAYOFINTEGRATINGTHEPREVIOUSACHIEVEMENTOFRESEARCHANDCORRECTINGTHEIRLIMITATIONSSECONDLY，THESPECIFICSTRATEGYTHATINTERVIEWEEUSESTOEVADEANSWERINGTHEQUESTIONSINTVINTERVIEWWILLBEEXPLOREDTHEPRESENTTHESISMAYEXPLAINITACCORDINGTORELEVANCETHEORYTHIRDLY，THEPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSOREFFECTSEVASIVEANSWERUNDERTAKESINTHEINTERVIEWEESRESPONSEWILLBEINVESTIGATEDEVASIVEANSWERISAGOALDRIVENSTRATEGYINTHATTHEINTERVIEWEEEMPLOYSITWITHTHEINTENTIONTOACHIEVETHECOMMUNICATIVEGOALOFSATISFYINGCERTAINCOMMUNICATIVENEEDSINTVINTERVIEWTHEINTERVIEWEEPREFERSEMPLOYINGEVASIVEANSWERTOOTHERCOMMUNICATIVEDEVICESJUSTBECAUSEITISTHEFUNCTIONSTHATEVASIVEANSWERHASCANHELPTHEREALIZATIONOFTHECOMMUNICATIVEGOALS14SIGNIFICANCEOFTHESTUDYTHEPRESENTSTUDYTRIESTOPRESENTASYSTEMATICANDCOHERENTANALYSISOFEVASIVEANSWERINNEWSINTERVIEWEXACTLYSPEAKING，ITMAYHAVEBOTHAPPLICABLEANDTHEORETICAL3明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOM英语I乜视访谈中闪避麻答的关联理论视角研究SIGNIFICANCEFIRSTLY，ALTHOUGHSOMEFAMOUSRESEARCHERSEGBULLMAYER1993，GALASINSKI200098HAVEPROBEDINTOTHISPHENOMENONFROMFUNCTIONALANDSEMANTICPERSPECTIVERESPECTIVELY，THEYNEGLECTTHEDYNAMICNATUREOFTH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TWEENTHEIRRELEVANCESINGENERALANDTHEIRRELEVANCETHATCANCOUNTASEVASIVEANSWERANINTERLOCUTORWHODOESNOTREALIZETHATHEORSHEISMAKINGANIRRELEVANTREMARKEGAFTERFAILINGTOUNDERSTANDAQUESTIONCANNOTBEHELDRESPONSIBLEFOREVASIVEANSWERINTHISCASE，ONECANNOTEVADEANDNOTREALIZEITSECONDLY，NOTALLINTENDEDIRRELEVANCECOUNTSASEVASIVEANSWERANIRRELEVANTREMARKWHICHISMADETOMAKEINTERLOCUTORSLAUGHORTODISRUPTTHECONVERSATIONISNOTEVASIVE，MERELYBECAUSETHEREISNOTHINGTOEVADETHEREFORE，JUSTASGALASINSKI2000101PUTIT“EVASIVEANSWERPERTAINSTOTHEREALMOF7明星档案HTTP/WWWDANGANKUCOM英语电视访谈中闪避麻答的关联理论视角研究QUESTIONANSWEREXCHANGES”GREATBATCH1986USESTHETERM“AGENDASHIFTING”TOREFERTOANYTOPICALSWITCHOFTHEINTERVIEWEEINCLUDINGTHEPHENOMENONOFEVADINGQUESTIONSBYSHIFTINGTOPICANDTHESITUATIONINWHICHTHEINTERVIEWEEGIVESANADEQUATEANSWERBUTINTHESAMERESPONSETURNTALKABOUTSOMETHINGELSEBEFOREORAFTERTHEANSWERTHISTERMNOWISONLYUTILIZEDTOINDICATEEVASIVEANSWEROFQUESTIONSBEINGANINITIALSTUDY，GREATBATCHGOESNOFURTHERINTOTHESPECIFICPRACTICESDILLON199056REGARDSEVASIVEANSWERASNONANSWERRESPONSES，THOSETHATRELATECOHERENTLYTOTHEACTOFQUESTIONINGYETNOTTOTHEQUESTIONSENTENCE”ANEVASIVEMESSAGETHEN，ACCORDINGTODILLON，ISANINTERACTIONALMOVE，RATHERTHANASENTENCETHISDEFINITIONSUCCEEDSTOSHOWTHEINFLUENCEOFINFORMATIONALQUESTIONINGONANSWERINGPROCESS，HOWEVER，ITFAILSTOEXPLAINHOWTOANSWERTHEELICITEDQUESTIONSBYWHICHTHEINTERVIEWERMAYSETAFALSEPRESUPPOSITIONHARRIS1991CONSTRUCTSAFRAMEWORKOFQUESTIONSANDANSWERSBASEDONSYNTACTICANDSEMANTICFEATURES,ANDTHENCATEGORIESTHESERESPONSESINTODIRECT，INDIRECTANSWERSANDCHALLENGESHARRISREFERSTHATARESPONSEISEVASIVEIFAITDOESNOTANSWERTHEQUESTIONDIRECTLYBIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICOFEVASIVEANSWERISINDIRECTNESSHOWEVER，WHATANSWERSCANBEREGARDEDASINDIRECTANSWERSCANALLINDIRECTANSWERSBESEENASEVASIVEANSWERINFACT，SOMERESPONSES，THOUGHIRRELEVANTINTHELITERATUREMEANINGOFANSWERINGTHEQUESTION，CANBERELEVANTPRAGMATICALLYORIMPLICATIONALLYGALASINSKI200056TAKESTHEIDEAOFEVASIVEANSWERASADECEPTIVESTRATEGYANDARGUESTHATEVASIVEMESSAGESAREAMEANSOFAVOIDINGTELLINGTHETRUTH，OR，INOTHERWORDS，WITHHOLDINGAPIECEOFTRUTHFULANDRELEVANTINFORMATIONTOBEEXACT，GALASINSKISAYSTHATEVASIVEUTTERANCESARETHOSETHATAREINTENDEDTOBESEMANTICALLYIRRELEVANTBECAUSEHET11INKSTHATSEMANTICIRRELEVANCEISUNIVERSALINACTSOFEVASIVEANSWERHEALSOTHINKSEVASIVEANSWERISRELEVANTTOTHEREALMOFQUESTIONANSWEREXCHANGES8济南大学硕学位论史ACCORDINGTOCLAYMAN200198，EVASIVEANSWEROREVASIVENESSISUSEDFORTHEACTIONSTHATARETREATEDASINADEQUATELYRESPONSIVEBYTHEINTERVIEWPARTICIPANTS”METZLER2003120HOLDSAVIEWTHATBOTHTHEEVASIVEANSWERANDCORRESPONDENTPHENOMENONAREGENERALLYREFERREDTOASEVASIVEANSWERMETZLERLISTSSIXTYPESOFEVASIVEDEVICES1BRIDGINGTHERESPONDENTMAKESASUBTLETRANSITIONTOBRIDGEYOUREMBARRASSINGQUESTIONTOASAFERTOPIC2QUESTIONINGTHEINTERVIEWERSMOTIVES3USEOFHUMORAHUMOROUSREMARKORJOKEOFTENDERAI