选修单元语法grammarPPT课件

.,1,ThePastParticple,.,2,一、形式,过去分词只有一种形式。,现在分词：,beingdone,havingdone,doing,havingbeendone,.,3,二、功能,1作表语2作定语3作状语4作宾语补足语,.,4,I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定语）,1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。,Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.,.,5,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句,（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?,（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？,=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.,（表示完成）,（表示正在进行）,.,6,II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.,2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。,e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。,e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.,.,7,常见的这类此有：interestinginterestedencouragingencourageddelightingdelighteddisappointingdisappointedpleasingpleasedpuzzlingpuzzledsatisfyingsatisfiedsurprisingsurprisedworrying-worried,.,8,Thisriverispolluted.译：这条河被污染了Thisriverwaspollutedbythechemicalplant.译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。,过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：,Thewindowsareclosed.,译：窗户是关着的。,ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.,译：窗户是被杰克关起来的,过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。,（过去分词作表语，表状态）,（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）,.,9,III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语),1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”,e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.,Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.,.,10,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.,e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?,.,11,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，doing强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。,Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.,Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.,Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.,.,12,3.使役动词:,make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.,e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.,4.在“with/without宾语宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?,.,13,IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句,(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,.,14,e.g.2.Givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句,(IfIam)givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句,(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,.,15,e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.,过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句,(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.,e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.,.,16,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if等等.,4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.,3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,2.Ifgivenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,1.Whenaskedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.,.,17,注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.,_(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.,Whenvisiting,Whenvisited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,.,18,_(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.,Havingfinishedallmyletters,_(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.,Finished,从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看，公园很美丽。,Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.,Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.,.,19,_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)_inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress),belostin；bedressedin；beinterestedin；bedevotedto；besupposedto；becaughtintherain；beseatedin；bepreparedfor；bedeterminedto,Lost,2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态,Dressed,类似的还有：,.,20,generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that),有些固定用法：,一般说来,鉴于,根据来看,考虑到,假如,说到,鉴于，由于,.,21,习题：,1.Wesawthethief_(catch)bythepolice.,caught,译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。),2.Isawhim_(geton)thebus.,gettingon,译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）,3.Iwillhave/getmyhair_(cut)tomorrow.,cut,译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。),.,22,Imverythirsty.Youdbetterdrinksome_water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames_in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare_,soyoucantmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted,C,A,C,.,23,4)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he_.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally_.Nowhisparentsare_him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby,(e.g.gethurtgetexcitedgetpleased),C,D,.,24,6)._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,C,7)._inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself_attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing,9)._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.Togive,B,(he和receive是主谓关系，且receive先于decide之前发生。),A,.,25,10).Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited,A,11)._byhisteachers,hehasmadegreat