英语作文写作开头句topic-sentencePPT课件

.,1,ParagraphWriting,ParagraphWriting,.,2,Whatisthestructureofaparagraph?,.,3,Thisisthestructureofaparagraph!Generallyspeaking,thesethreedifferenttypesofsentencesplaydifferentrolesinaparagraph:,Topicsentence;Supportingsentences;Concludingsentence.,asentencetotellthereaderwhattheparagraphismainlyabout.,sentencestogivemoredetailedinformationaboutthetopicsentence.,asentencetoendaparagraphortosummarize(总结）theideas.,(主题句),(扩展句/阐述句),(结论句/结尾句),TheTopicSentence,ThecharacteristicsofatopicsentenceThepositionsofatopicsentence,.,5,TheCharacteristics,1)Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2)Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3)Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.,.,6,Examples:1)Theimportanceofreadingwidely.Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingonesreadingcomprehension.2)Fireaccidentsinbigcities.Recentlyyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3)Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.,.,7,Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1)Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.2)Alcoholicbeveragesshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3)TherearequiteafewunusualsuperstitionsinChinaaboutmarriage.,(general),(specific),.,8,Readthefollowingtopicsentencesandthenidentifythetopicandthecontrollingideaineachsentence,Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.,.,9,ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.,.,10,Discussion:whichofthefollowingstatementisgeneral,specificorsuitable?Group11)Americanfoodisterrible.2)AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andpackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.3)Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.,(toogeneral),(toospecific),(suitable),.,11,Group21)Manyvoterssupportedthecandidate.2)Manyvoterspassivelysupportedthecandidate.Group31)Toplayanykindofmusicalinstrument,oneneedstoknowsomethingabouttheinstrument.2)TOplayanykindofdrumrequiresagoodsenseofrhythm.,(toogeneral),(toogeneral),(suitable),(suitable),.,12,Herearesomeexamplesofsentencesthatcannotbeusedastopicsentences.Canyoufigureoutwhytheyareinappropriate?,1)MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyWheatonRiver,whichisverywide,andbecauseitisbuiltnearanunusuallysteephillcalledWheatonHill.Analysis:Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitcontainstoomanydetails.Topicsentencesaregeneral,anddetailsshouldappearlaterintheparagraph.Revised:Myhometownisfamousforseveralamazinggeographicalfeatures.,.,13,2)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmissionandtworeasonswhyotherslikecarswithmanualtransmission.Analysis:Thissentenceisnotappropriateasatopicsentencebecauseitmentionstwotopics,notjustone.Paragraphsareusuallyaboutonemainthingandsotheirtopicsentencesshouldalsobeaboutonlyonemainthing.Revised:a)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmission.OR(inadifferentparagraph):b)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplelikecarswithmanualtransmission.,.,14,3)Cloudsarewhite.AnalysisTheproblemwiththissentenceisthatitistoogeneral.Itisalsoveryboring!Wouldyouliketoreadaparagraphwiththistopicsentence?Mostpeoplewouldnot.RevisedTheshapesofcloudsaredeterminedbyvariousfactors.,.,15,Thankyou!,.,16,AssignmentGroupWork,Designaquizpaperconcerningthetopicsentencefourmembersinagroupeachpaperconsistsoffiveproblemsthefiveproblems