语法填空之名词PPT课件

.,1,1、名词的单、复数;2、可数与不可数名词的转换；3、名词作定语；4、名词的搭配;5、动词变名词或形容词变名词,高考考点分析,.,2,名词的单复数,.,3,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词复数的规则变化有以下情况：1一般情况，直接加-s：e.g.port-ports，technique-techniques，hen-hens,hat-hats2以s,x,ch,sh结尾发s、t、d音的词，加es：e.g.busbuses,boxboxes,bushbushes,branchbranches,注：stomachstomachs（stomach词尾发/k/，故复数直接加-s）3辅音字母+y，变y为i，加-es：e.g.universityuniversities,city-cities,story-stories元音字母+y，直接加-s：e.g.boyboys,day-days特例：Henry（亨利）-Henrys,Mary-Marys,stand-by（备用的人或物）-stand-bys,penny（便士）-pennies/pence4以o结尾加-es：e.g.NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,volcano-volcanoes,mosquito（蚊子）-mosquitoes,echo（回音）-echoes加-s：e.g.zoozoos,kangaroo-kangaroos,studio-studios,radioradios,pianopianos,.,4,photophotos,bamboo-bamboos,hippo（河马）-hippos,tobacco（烟叶）-tobaccos,kilo（千克）-kilos,auto（汽车）-autos特例：motto（座右铭，箴言）-mottos/mottoes，zero-zeros/zeroes5以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es：e.g.leafleaves,wifewives,thief-thieves,half-halves特例：beliefbeliefs,roofroofs,proofproofs,safesafes（保险柜），cliff（悬崖）-cliffschiefchiefs，gulfgulfs（海湾）,serf（农奴）-serfs,staff（工作人员）-staffs,cafe（咖啡馆）-cafes,grief（悲痛的事）-griefshandkerchief（手帕）-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarf（围巾）-scarfs/scarves，,.,5,问题1：-Howmanydoesacowhave?-Four.AstomachesBstomachCstomachsDstomachies,以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加es；但如果以ch结尾的名词发音为k时，只加s。另外，以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，需将y变成i，再加-es；以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加-s。以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加-s。,.,6,问题3：Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree_missing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheepDsheepies,当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加s或es。单复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese,Swissworks,means,head,.,7,问题4：Some_visitedourschoollastWednesday.AGermanBGermenCGermansDGermens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加s或-es：GermanGermans详见下表。,.,8,问题6：MrSmithhastwo_,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-inlaw,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加s。如：grown-ups。,.,9,二、抽象名词的具体化表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。例如：,.,10,名词作定语,.,11,问题1The_isjustaroundthecornerandyouwontmissit.(01北京春季)A.bicyclesshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicyclesshop,名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2)有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。如：goodstrain(货车)armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷,.,12,问题3：Thereareonlytwelve_inthehospital.AwomandoctorsBwomendoctorsCwomendoctorDwomandoctor,man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：amanworkermenworkersawomanteacherwomenteachersagentlemanofficialgentlemenofficials,.,13,四、名词的固定搭配主要考查名词的一些固定结构在具体语境中的选择和运用。做此类题目的时候,一要看懂句子的意思,二要牢记短语的含义以及在不同语境中的用法。常考的名词固定搭配：have/gainaccessto可以获得oaccount考虑gain/haveanadvantageover胜过,优于,.,14,pavethewayfor为铺平道路makefunof取笑,嘲弄takeadvantageof利用,趁之机makethebestof充分利用,妥善处理putinorder整理,检修playapart/rolein在起作用catchsightof发现,突然看见onconditionthat在条件下,.,15,考点五：词类转换,.,16,.词类转换【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主。,.,17,1.由动词派生的名词,1.Allpeace-lovingpeopledemandthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestruction（destroy)ofnuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。2.Chinassuccessfulexplosion(explode)ofitsfirstatombombcausedtremendousrepercussionthroughouttheworld.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。,.,18,2.动词转变成名词,applyapplicant/applicationadmissionadvertiseadvertisementagreeagreementaccomplishaccomplishmentachieveachievementapologizeapologyappearappearanceapplyapplicant/applicationapologizeapologyappearappearance,.,19,2.形容词转变成名词,kindkindnessfairfairnesdifferentdifferencecuriositycuriousbenefitbeneficialfluencyfluentbravebraveryimpossible/possible（反）impossibly/possibility（反）,.,20,语法填空句子专项练习:1Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor_(advise)abouthishearttrouble2.Thereareten_(woman)teachersandtwohundred_(girl)studentsintheschool3.Facingcut-throat_(compete)inallsubjects,studentsmustdevoteasmuchoftheirtimeaspossible.4.IshallneverfeardifficultyandIshallneverknowthe_(exist)oftheword“failure”.5.Youllwanttoknowyourbodylanguageissayingandhowtointerpretother_(people).6.Notlongagohesent_(word)thathewouldreturnwithhisfamily.7.ShewasinLondonandspenther_(young)inChina.8.The_(erupt)ofMountKilauea,oneofthemostactivevolcanoesinHawaii,isalwaystakingpeoplebysurprise.9.His_(curious)madehimwonderaboutclouds.10.Exceptforsomeshortsongsandpoemsincludedinhisplays,allof_(Shakespeare)greatestpoemsaresonnet.,advice,women,girl,competition,existence,people,word,youth,eruption,curiosity,Shakespeares,.,21,11.Thenumberoflanguagesisgettingsmallerallthetimebecauseofthesteady_(grow)ofbiggerlanguages.12.Tightjeansandtrousers,shortskirtsandevensensibleflatshoesmayallcause_(ill).13.Reducetheamountofitifyousufferedfromre