陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2019届高三英语第十二次适应性训练试题（含解析）

陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2019届高三英语第十二次适应性训练试题（含解析）第 i 卷 (满分100分)第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】what are the speakers doing now?a. listening to the radio.b. having a class.c. attending a concert.【答案】c【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】what is the woman planning to do?a. buy some clothes.b. get a haircut.c. go to the mans home.【答案】b【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】whats the man doing?a. apologizing to the womanb. criticizing the woman.c. arguing with the woman.【答案】a【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】how late is the woman?a. more than an hour.b. an hour.c. 45 minutes.【答案】a【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】why doesnt the man go out with his friends?a. he doesnt like going out.b. things are expensive.c. he has no time.【答案】b【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节 (共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】6. whats jennys problem?a. she dislikes history class.b. she does poorly in her tests.c. she does badly in assignments.7. whats the probable relationship between the speakers?a. classmates.b. teacher and student.c. husband and wife.【答案】6. b 7. c【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】8. how did the man first hear about the football match?a. on the radio.b. on tv.c. from the woman.9. when will the football match be held?a. on the 4thb. on the 21st.c. on the 28th.10. what does the woman offer to do for the man?a. buy him dinner.b. buy him a ticket.c. help him study.【答案】8. a 9. b 10. c【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11. what is amazon tree houses?a. it is a hotel.b. it is a program.c. it is a company.12. why is the woman interested in the article?a. she wants to travel in amazon.b. she wants to run a tree house hotel.c. she wants to live in a tree house.13. what does the man think of the womans plan?a. not practical.b. quite good.c. just so-so.【答案】11. c 12. b 13. a【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14. where does this conversation probably take place?a. in a cinema.b. in a grocery.c. in a bookstore.15. when did popcorn grow more popular?a. in 1621.b. in the 1930s.c. in 1947.16. what are the speakers talking about?a. the function of popcorn on films.b. the various uses of popcorn.c. the brief history of popcorn.【答案】14. a 15. b 16. c【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. what material was the valuable penny from the talk made of?a. copper.b. silver.c. steel.18. what caused pennies to be made differently in 1943?a. world war ii.b. the cost of metal.c. collectors taste.19. why was the coin so interesting and valuable to the collector?a. it was from philadelphia.b. it was unique.c. it once belonged to lincoln.20. what kinds of collectible items are worth the most?a. rare ones.b. old ones.c. ones from the war.【答案】17. a 18. a 19. b 20. a【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，20小题，每题2分，满分40分)第一节 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。athe critics top four books of 2018 are based on christmas selections in national newspapers, the london evening standard, the tls, the spectator and the new statesman.normal people by sally rooney faber 14.99sally rooneys debut novel, conversations with friends, was one of last years most talked-about books. the response to the irish writers follow-up has, if anything, been even more ecstatic. the 27-year-old was praised for her ability to convey subtle modulations of emotion. the novel was long listed for the man booker prize but many felt that it should have done better.vietnam by max hastings william collins 30this long-awaited historical blockbuster follows the vietnam war over three decades,from the french “dirty war” of 194654 to americas capitulation to the vietcong in 1975. hastings, who reported from the battlefield in vietnam as a young british journalist, was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict.the silence of the girls by pat barker hamish hamilton 18.99pat barkers novel is a retelling of the lliad but with women at the heart of the action. the central character is briseis, who appears only glancingly in homers original. best-known for her first world war set regeneration trilogy (1997). barker, in her fifties, again focuses on the traumas of war. reviewers praised the novels subversive energy even if it was judged conventional in places.a certain idea of france by julian jackson allen lane 35this biography by british historian julian jackson born in 1954 chronicles the life of charles de gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever frenchmen. while acknowledging that de gaulle wasnt very likeable, jackson salutes his imagination and boldness- qualities that helped him steer france through its liberation from the nazis and the war in algeria. critics suggested it would become the standard biography.21. which author of the four books is the youngest according to the text?a. sally rooneyb. max hastingsc. pat barkerd. julian jackson22. which book may people who are interested in a political leaders life choose?a. normal peopleb. vietnamc. the silence of the girlsd. a certain idea of france23. what is the authors purpose in writing the text?a. to remember the four great novelists.b. to promote the values of the four novelistsc. to encourage studies on the four novelsd. to introduce the yearly top four novels.【答案】21. a 22. d 23. d【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了2018年英国最畅销的四部小说。【21题详解】细节理解题。由normal people中的“ the 27-year-old” vietnam中的“from the french “dirty war” of 194654 to americas capitulation to the vietcong in 1975 .hastings, who reported from the battlefield in vietnam as a young british journalis”.the silence of the girls 中的“in her fifties”以及a certain idea of france 中的“.born in 1954”可知，通过对比四个作家的年龄，sally rooney是四个作家中最年轻的作家。故选a项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由a certain idea of france中的“this biography by british historian julian jackson .chronicles the life of charles de gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever frenchmen”可知，这本由英国历史学家朱利安杰克逊（julian jackson）撰写的传记记录了戴高乐（charles de gaulle）的一生，戴高乐被认为是有史以来最伟大的法国人之一。所以对政治领袖的生活感兴趣的人可以选择 a certain idea of france。故选d项。【23题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“the critics top four books of 2018 are based on christmas selections in national newspapers, the london evening standard, the tls, the spectator and the new statesman.”可知，评论家们评选出的2018年最受欢迎的四本书是基于英国全国性报纸伦敦旗帜晚报、泰晤士报、观察家报和新政治家报的圣诞精选。以及下文对这4本小说的具体介绍。可以判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍年度最畅销的四部小说。故选d项。bwhen a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.the largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the moral machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someones death was unavoidable. respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.when the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. one contains north america and several european nations where christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as japan, indonesia and pakistan, with strong confucian or islamic traditions. a third group consists of countries in central and south america, such as colombia and brazil. the first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.the researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. they found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as finland and japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as nigeria or pakistan.people rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. but the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.at least barbara wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at audi in ingolstadt, germany, says such studies are valuable. wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each yearbut that people might focus more on events involving robots.surveys such as the moral machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “we need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”24. why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?a. social values always change with the times.b. moral choices vary between different cultures.c. drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.d. car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.25. the researchers conducted the study by_.a. using a massive online quiz worldwideb. comparing different cultures and customsc. dividing the respondents into three groupsd. performing a series of controlled experiments26. according to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?a. nigeriab. colombiac. finlandd. indonesia27. barbara wege would probably agree that _.a. self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentb. accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attentionc. problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in societyd. car makers neednt take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas【答案】24. b 25. a 26. c 27. b【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a survey. 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选b。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行online quiz可知a正确；b选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及比较；c选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；d选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选a。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行finland and japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选c。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段surveyscan help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents可知barbara wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， b正确；a选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatlyimprove；c选项最后一段that might develop trust可知c错误；d选项car makers neednt take risk文章完全没有提及，故选b。cin modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.i have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. for them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. in their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.however, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. in a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. teaching these young people, i often observe in them a desire to fail. they seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. by not trying, they always have an excuse: “i may have lost, but it doesnt matter because i really didnt try.” what is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. such a loss would be a measure of their worth. clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. both are afraid of not being valued. only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.28. what does this passage mainly talk about?a. competition helps to set up selfrespect.b. opinions about competition are different among people.c. competition is harmful to personal quality developmentd. failures are necessary experiences in competition.29. the underlined phrase “the most vocal” in paragraph 3 means _.a. those who try their best to winb. those who value competition most highlyc. those who are against competition most stronglyd. those who rely on others most for success30. what is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？a. ones worth lies in his performance compared with others.b. ones success in competition needs great efforts.c. ones achievement is determined by his particular skills.d. ones success is based on how hard he has tried.31. which point of view may the author agree to?a. every effort should be paid back.b. fear of failure should be removed in competition.c. winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.d. competition should be encouraged.【答案】28. b 29. c 30. a 31. b【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要论述了对于竞争人们的不同观点。有些人支持竞争，他们觉得这样可以使社会进步；有些人反对竞争，他们觉得竞争给人与人之间带来不友好。作者建议我们正确理解竞争的意义。28题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people”可知，一些支持竞争的人认为，竞争对社会进步是有帮助的，推进社会的向前发展和繁荣。反对竞争的人认为，竞争会挑起人们之间的斗争，给人们之间带来不友好。所以这篇文章主要讲了人们对竞争的看法各不相同。故选b项。【29题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“however, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. in a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，然而，当一些人似乎迷失在成功的欲望中，另一些人持相反的态度。在一个只重视赢家而不关注普通参与者的文化中，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最强烈反对竞争的人是那些承受着来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段中带下划线的短语the most vocal是指最强烈反对竞争的人。故选c项。【30题详解】细节理解题。由最后段“both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others”可知，两者都是基于错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于一个人与他人相比的表现。所以真正的竞争者和那些“渴望失败”的人有相似的信念既一个人的价值在于与别人相比的表现。故选a项。【31题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故选b项。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由最后段“only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故小题4选b项。dpeople have different ways of dealing with a common cold. some take over-the- counter (非处方的) medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗)like herbal tea or chicken soup. yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.so why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? according to james taylor, professor at the university of washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so its easy to believe its medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, usa today reported.it still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. to understand it, you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的) drugs work. they attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. to do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-d model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.the two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) a and b.but they didnt find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus c, until 2006. all three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus a and b have little effect when used against c.“this explains most of the previous failures of drug trials agai