完形填空专题微技能

完形填空专题微技能1. 跳读首尾句进行预测（文章体裁）一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文，有时也有夹叙夹议文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。 e.g. Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability. 本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2. 利用语法分析解题 完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如： _51_do you suppose he asked for them? 51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which 【解析】本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或 Which。 _8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job. 8. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3. 利用固定搭配解题 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如： They couldnt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths. 12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered 【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.” 2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 【解析】本题考查习语anything but，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。 4. 利用固定句型解题 完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如： I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box. 19. A. as B. when C. if D. since 【解析】本题考查的是itssince句型，意为“自从已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。 It wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief. 18. A. after B. when C. before D. until 【解析】It wasnt long before是常用句型，意为“不久就”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。 “Why _14_ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.” 5. 利用复现信息解题 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如： First of all, I respected his _3_ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom. 3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion 【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚(well-prepared and clearly delivered)，由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献，devotion to sth意为“对贡献”，与下文相通。 I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。 6. 利用跳读法解题 一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如： “Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One of them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect. 1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put 2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants 3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired 4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet 【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to ones feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。 7. 巧用排除法解题 在某些情况下若不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如： The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice. 5. A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again 【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。 He put the books into the return box. And after a brief _6_ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. 6. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop 【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息(rest, break)或是散步(walk)，由此排除另外三个选项。 When I started playing _19_ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. 19. A. at B. by C. for D. around 【解析】此题用排除法，by 和around都有“在旁边”的意思，要选都要选，故排除这两个答案，play at后接游戏名，是“做游戏”的意思，也可排除。故答案为C。 8. 利用逻辑关系解题 (1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins（维生素） are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon（碳）, hydrogen（氢）, oxygen（氧）, and_45_nitrogen（氮）. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. 45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely 【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。(2) 句间逻辑关系 逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如： Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. _13_, she encourages them to get _14_ ways to do business. 13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While 【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。 There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity. 1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise 【解析】第一句讲各科艺术间是分离的，但后文讲的却是它们之间有很大的关联。however的意思是“然而”，表示转折，符合下文。故本题答案为however。 (3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如： Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent. 29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore 【解析】前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。 9. 巧用背景常识解题 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。After _2_ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. 2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying 【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。 Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 A. check B.read C. keep D.sign 【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸。 Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. 37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild 【解析】沙漠以“干旱”著称是常识。 10. 利用对比结构解题 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如： A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。 If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _15_ he did, he would ask about their families or make _16_, always cutting his cloth _17_ his customers. 15. A. and then B. and so C. even if D. but if 【解析】本题考查了相似句型的对比关系。空格处要填的部分与前部分if he did not know them形成对比，这句话的大意是说：如果店主认识那些顾客了，就会询问他们的家庭或是开些玩笑。 11. 利用平行结构解题 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_51_for children to work at home in their free time. _52_, they argue that most teachers do not_53_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. 51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant 52. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly 【解析】排比结构由Many people think that.They say that.they argue that.所组成。在意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。首先把握结构所体现的“主题” 抱怨作业太多。其次，理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“too much homework”;所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”;不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。 Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_ and active. 42. A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse 【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。 12. 利用暗示和对应解题 此类题型对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如： .he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_: agriculture, diving and mathematics. 47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents 【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。 Everybody moved quickly in order to _6_ the seats they wanted. I was _7_ to get a seat near the tail, but 6. A. fetch B. hold C. keep D. get 【解析】本题的答案可由后面的get a seat得出。 13. 根据文章的感情色彩解题 考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如： When Ed first phoned and _37_(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an _38_(easy) victory. After all, Eds idea of _ 39_ (exercise) has always been nothing more _40_(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. _41_(As long as) I can remember, Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and _42_(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. 【解析】读这一部分，我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的，用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，人们就会很容易地想到，“我”与Ed比赛，那简直易如反掌(an easy victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然而他却以自己为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪(strangely)呢?因此从对人物反面的描述，即可得出答案。 I was so surprised that I was _47_(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _48_(As a result), at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _49_(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading). 【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。 The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. _1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly _2_. To help homeless people_3_independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _4_the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 要看懂第一句话，为了帮助the homeless，所以选项必须全部支持这个主题，要选择与主题态度相关的词。 14. 综合利用各种线索解题 从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如： And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day Since he was _44_ in three days, Andy didnt lose anytime. 44. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving 【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。 有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现，如能找出线索，解题就易如反掌。如： 高考英语完形填空微技能之复现完成下面的填空,并请在出现“复现”的地方将其标记出来。 Steve Jobs did what he loved to do in his life. He started Apple with Woz when he was 20. In ten years Apple had grown into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. _, when he had just turned 30, he was rejected and got _by Apple, which was destructive to him. But he didnt want to abandon what he _ to do. He decided to start again. He set up a company named NeXT and it developed so well _ in 1997 he returned to Apple with new technology, which played a major role in the boom of Apple. When asked what kept him going, Jobs said his being fired by Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to him. He never lost faith and just continued what he loved. 高考完形填空解题技巧之复现 上义词和下义词hyponymy复现复现Reiteration 同词复现the same word repetition 同义词或近义词synonym复现（一）Finish the first group of practice and judge which form it belongs to.【Practice I】1. (2013全国) For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary _.My wheelchair experiment was soon finished.A. exploration B. educationC. experiment D. entertainment2. (2011广东）Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning .However this _11_is more often from parents and teachers than from students. . A concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest3. (2011江苏) He stood on tiptoe(脚尖)(stretching) as high as he could, but even at his tallest _40_ he was unable to touch it. He began to _41_up and down, as high as he could, at the (top) of each jump stretching has arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of (reach). 40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height41. A. jump B. look C. walk D. glance4. (2010 北京) She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly Her _ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imaginedA. trust B. patience C. curiosity D. interest5. (2013全国）Mr. Greenberg 49 (began) doing this 21years ago. Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and 50 (understand) his behavior. But people who dont know him are sometimes 51(Surprised) by him. They dont realize that he just wants to make them 52_.It runs in the 53(family).Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.A. smart B. rich C. special D. happy6. (2014山东）The parrot said, “Your _2_is really ugly.” The man got very _3_angry_and went to the store owner and said, “Your bird just _offened4_my wife .It said she was ugly.”A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter【Practice II】1. （2010浙江）Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my _ Christmas there special and memorableA. present B. first C. recent D. previous2. (2012天津) On the way out , I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a _16_rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched the giant rock and knew . 16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose3. (2011广东) We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be _kind_ to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_ wrong, too. For example, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others. 2. A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly4. (2014北京）The boys in my class often _about her and laughed their heads off.A. joked B. cared C. forgot D. worriedJudge which form it belongs to: * 上义词superordinate和下义词subordinate复现： 上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。上义词和下义词是包含和被包含关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词. 反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词【Practice】1.（2010 湖北）He taught her how to rely on her other _, specifically（特别地） her hearingA. feeling B. organs C. skills D. senses2. When these children become adults, they might be placed in a disadvantaged position in schools, in the job market or in their marriage issue. Sometimes they might feel discriminated（受歧视的） against in _.A. workplace B. society C. family D. committee3. (2012天津) After 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of _20_, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. 20. A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods4. (2010陕西）I had some 28 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs【Consolidation】（2014陕西）完形填空It was Mothers Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were 26 , we realized that only minutes earlier an 27 woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. 28 was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. 29 , a lot of people stopped to help out. 30 we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very 31 about what had happened to the elderly couple. He 32 to me, “Mom, its not much fun falling over in front of 33 .” Seeing that there was a flower stall（摊位）at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldnt we 34 the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was 35 that hed come up with this 36 idea. So we went over and told the flower seller 37 we wanted. “Just take it,” she replied. “I 38 take your money for such a wonderful 39 .”By now medical staff had arrived, and were 40 the injured woman. We gave the flower to the womans husband and I told him it was 41 my son. At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You ha