静态动词与动态动词

.,动态动词与静态动词,动态动词：1.表示持续动作，可用于进行、非进行体：talk,run,sleep,wait2.表示改变或方位移动，可用于进行、非进行体：come,go,arrive,leave,reach,turn,become,get,grow,change3.表示短暂动作。但要注意，用于过去一般时，表示一次性短暂动作；用于过去进行时，表示该动作的重复,.,静态动词：表示一种状态，通常用于非进行体；若用进行体，语义不同.1.be,have2.含有be和have意义的词，如applyto,belongto,differfrom,cost,weight,measure,fit,hold,lack,resemble3.表示感觉的动词：feel,hear,see,smell,taste4.表心理或情感状态的动词：believe,assume,consider,detest,fear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,prefer,remember,.,静态动词用于进行体时，则成了动态动词，意义有所不同：Hesbeingpolitetoday.Theywerehavingaparty.Heisresemblinghisfather.Thechefistastingthesoup.Pleasebequiet.Imthinking.Imhopingyoucanmakeanexceptiontothechildren.,.,动词的时、体、态,1.两种时间：现在和过去2.两种体：进行体和完成体3.结合：现在：一般，进行，完成，完成进行过去：一般，进行，完成，完成进行4.语态：主动和被动;be型被动态和get型被动态,.,一般现在时,1.表示不受时限的客观存在（真理、格言、科学事实等）2.表示习惯性经常性的动作3.表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作：Whatsthematterwithyou?Youlookpale./Whatdoyouthink?常用于体育的现场报道、戏法表演、操作演示的解说词中（见教材）也用于一些习惯性的用法中：Ideclaretheconferenceopen./Iwishyouallthebest.,.,4.用于将来时间：1）Ihope/Ibet后的分句中：Ihopeyouhaveagoodtime(=Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtime)./Ibetitrainstomorrow(=Ibetitwillraintomorrow).2)seetoit/makesure/makecertain后的分句中：Makesurethattheequipmentisdisconnectedfromthepower.3)Ifitrainstomorrow,Ill5.表示过去时间：这类动词有hear,learn,tell,say,gather等：Ihearthatabigshotiscomingtoouruniversity.Shetellsmeyoureenteringforthecompetition/examination.历史现在时：p.127,.,一般过去时,1.表示过去一次性或习惯性动作：p.1282.表示现在和将来：1）want,hope,think,wonder等几个动词用于过去时可表示委婉语气：Iwonderedifyoucouldsparemeafewminutes./Ihopedyoucouldcomehere.Supposewelunchedonporridgemadewithleanmeatandpreservedegg?2)用于某些固定结构中：IwishtheCampuswerenotsofarawayfromGZ./Itshightimethatyouwenttobed./IfonlyIhadenoughmoneynow./Helooksasifhewasill./Hetreatsthechildrenasiftheywerehisown.,.,现在进行体,1.表说话时正在进行的动作:Thepolicemanisdisinterringthebody.2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作：Impreparingfortheexaminationthesedays.Note:进行体与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度状语连用，则表示说话人的一种厌烦、赞美等感情:Yourealwaysaskingformoney./Sheisconstantlyhelpinghisfellowstudents.(当然也可以不带感情色彩）3.表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作：Theplaneistakingoffintenminutes./TherescueteamareleavingforQinghaitonight.4.表示刚刚过去的动作：Idontknowwhatyouretalkingabout.5.表示委婉的语气：Imhopingthatyoucancome./ImwonderingifIcanbeawayforawhile.,.,过去进行体,1.过去某时点或某时段正在进行的动作：Theyweresaunteringinthewoods,enjoyingtheserenity,achangefromthehustleandbustleinthecity.Suddenly,adeadbodycameintotheirview.2.表示过去暂时性习惯的动作：Inthosedays,Georgeusedtogetupatnine,butthatweekhewasgettingupatfiveeveryday.3.与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度状语连用，则表示说话人的一种厌烦的情绪（也可以不表示）:HewasalwaysdisturbingmewhenIwasstudying.,.,3.表示过去按计划安排即将发生的事：Theywerearrivingafewdayslater.4.hope,want,wonder等用于过去进行时可表示委婉语气：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmeyourmailordercatalogue.5.Iwishweweregoing/weleftnow.Itstimeyouweregoing/wenttobed.,.,现在完成体、现在完成进行体、过去进行体的比较,Hehasdonehishomework.Hehasbeendoinghishomework.Hewasdoinghishomeworkyesterday.,.,1.注意下列非正式场合的用法：1).Ivewaitedhere(for)twohours.2).He(has)losttenpoundssincehestartedthegame.3).IvehadsuchimpressionssinceIcanremember.,.,2.注意下列用法：1）ItsoksinceIhaditfixed.2)Thingsaremuchworsesinceyouleft.3)Ifeel/amfeelingmuchbettersinceItookthemedicine.4)MyhealthismuchimprovedsinceIgaveupsmoking.,.,Shecontactedmeonlinelastweek,butvanishedfromthesurfaceoftheearthsince.HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehecametoGuangzhou/sincethreeyearsago/since2008.,.,Its3weekssincehefellill.Its3weekssincehewasill.,.,HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehelivedinGuangzhou/sincehewasinGuangzhou.,.,GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceChinawasopentotheoutsideworld.,.,HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehehaslivedinGuangzhou/sincehehasbeenlivinginGuangzhou.,.,过去完成体,1.Ifonlyyouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.2.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheMaldives.(cf.Hespeaksasifheweremyfather.)3.IwishIhadntgonetothepartyyesterday.(cf.IwishIwere10yearsyounger.)4.Ihadwanted(intended)tocomeseeyou,but+,.,Itsthefirst/secondtimethatIhavevisitedthiscity.Itwillbethefirst/thethirdtimethatIhavegivenhimmoney.Itwasthefirst/thesecondtimethathehadturnedonhisfather.,.,动词：宾语的种类,A.beatthedrum/aboy;beataretreat/beattime/beattherecord/beatonesbrains.B.动词与宾语的关系：1.受动宾语：washthecar/paintthewall2.结果宾语：digahole/paintacat/writeanessay3.使役宾语：dancethebabyonherknees/standthechildagainstthewall4.转喻宾语：smokeapipe/wipeoffthetable5.动作内容：askaquestion6.动作终极：reachadulthood7.表示方式：nodonesapproval/laughonesthanks/lookonesgratitude8.表示地点：walkthestreet/walktherestofthejourney/,.,同源宾语,1.dreamadream/smileasweetsmile/whistleameditativewhistle/livealonelylife/dieaheroicdeath2.runarace/sleepawink比较：Hediedamartyr./Heranamileatonebreath.