高中英语必修五UNIT 1Grammar.ppt

Unit1,Discoveringusefulstructures,UsedastheAttributeandPredicative,Pastparticiple(1),1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.2.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.3.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.,attribute,attribute,predicative,Whatisthepastparticipleusedfor?,apieceofbrokenglass,boiledwater,ausedstamp,aburiedboxofcoins,adamagedcomputer,worn-outshoes,一片碎玻璃,开水,一枚用过的邮票,一箱埋起来的硬币,穿破的鞋子,一台损坏了的计算机,过去分词作定语,Translatethefollowingphrases.,Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.,peopleterrifiedof(cholera),seatsreservedfor,waterpollutedby,aroomcrowdedof,awinnerpleasedat,astonishedchildren,acloseddoor,thetiredaudience,atrappedanimal,abrokenvase,一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。alostanimal一只迷路的动物ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳theadvancedcountries发达国家adrunkman一个醉鬼areturnedstudent一名归国留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays过去的岁月,2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!IlikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofclothThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopularWellgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago,ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1)Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong_tohim.,whichhadbeendone,注:本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。,2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry_.,whichhasdeveloped,注:本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。,3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge_there?,whichisbeingbuilt,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。,Idontknowthegirl_(catch)inthesnowstorm.解析：小女孩是“被困”在暴风雪中，所以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。2.Thegirl_(knock)downbyacarwasdying.解析：小女孩是“被”小汽车“撞倒”的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。,典型例题,caught,knocked,3.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_(provide).解析:动词provide与其逻辑主语envelop是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于whichisprovided。,provided,4.“Itssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable_(reserve)forcustomers.解析：reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语thetable逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。,reserved,5.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_(appoint)toguardher.6.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.7.Theplayers_(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.,appointed,returned,selected,8.TsinghuaUniversity,_(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.解析：句中的主语TsinghuaUniversity与found构成逻辑上的被动关系；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。,founded,9.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_(discover)inthelibrary.解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰themoney，根据themoney与discover的被动关系，可判断填discovered。,discovered,10.Agreatnumberofstudents_(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.解析：question与students存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。,questioned,11.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_(borrow)fromthelibrary.解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。根据句意，borrow的动作已经完成，因此填borrowed。,borrowed,12.Theisland,_(join)tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.解析：jointo表示“把连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichisjoined。,joined,过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别,区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上首先，在语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的意思。请比较：surprisingnews使人吃惊的消息surprisedlisteners吃惊的听众值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。例如：fallenleaves落叶,其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。请比较：thechangingworld正在发生变化的世界thechangedworld已经变化了的世界,1.Therewasaterriblenoise_(follow)thesuddenburstoflight.答案following。由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。2._(follow)bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.答案Followed。Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。,following,Followed,Readthesentences,payingattentiontothepastparticiple.,Theglassisbroken.Ourclassroomiscrowded.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow.IfoundthatIwaslost.Thosedaysaregone.Heisdeaddrunk.,二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。,2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。Thisshopisnowclosed这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)Thisshopisclosedat6p.m.everyday这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）,3、现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Thenewswasexcitingandwewereallexcited.Thenewswasexcitinganditexcitedusall.Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.,InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.2._inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.,典型例题,stuck,Raised,3._(absorb)inpainting,Johndidntnoticeeveningapproaching.4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_(separate)frommyfriends.,Absorbed,separated,一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Theconcert_(hold)attheBeijingWorkersStadiumwasabigsuccess.2.Walkingoutoftheofficewitha_(force)smileonherface,sheturnedtosaygoodbyetoherteacher.,held,forced,3.Heaskedhisstudentstoremain_(seat)untilallthepapershadbeenhandedin.4.Therewasnothing_(leave)inthefridge,sohehadtogooutfordinner.5.Thestudentswereall_(inspire)whentheyheardthe_(inspire)news.,seated,left,inspired,inspiring,6.Whenhegotback,hefoundthathisbreadhadgotten_(burn).7.ThepolicesaidonThursdaythattheyhada_(suspect)personofthemurder,whichcouldbeagreathelptothem.,burnt,suspected,8.Fortunately,the_(infect)peopleweresenttohospitalimmediately.9.Theprimarypurposeistomakeachievementsinbiologicalresearch_(know)tothepublic.,infected,known,10.Johntoldmethatthe_(excite)planwastheoneputforwardbyMr.Zhangatyesterdaysmeeting.11.Themuseumonce_(build)forexhibitingfamouscarshasbeenpulleddown.,exciting,built,二、翻译题。,1.丢了钱他自责不已。He_aboutlosingthemoney.2.你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_?Doyousleepwellthesedays?,gotblamed,looksotired,3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望，我原以为它能好些。I_thefilmIsawlastnigh