案例分析和问答题（课堂PPT）

案例分析11.AsentoffertoB,November25,2001,theGermanCompanyAsentanoffertotheHongKongCompanyBasthefollowing:2000Jettishcolorcopiersand$4,000eachFOB(Hamburg)forpromptshipment,theofferisvaliduntilDecember30.,1,2.ArevoketheoffertoB,AreceivedanofferfromacompanyofParistobuythistypeofcopiers,butofferedhigherpricethanCompanyAhadofferedtoCompanyB.SinceBhadnotmadeacommitmenttocompanyAsoffer,CompanyAsentthenoticetorevokethepreviousoffertoCompanyBonDec.15th.ThensignedacontractwiththecompanyinParis.,2,3.BacceptAsoffer,However,onDec.22nd,CompanyAreceivedacommitmentfromCompanyBthatCompanyBagreedtotheconditionsofCompanyAsoffer.Subsequently,CompanyBopenedanirrevocableletterofcredittoCompanyAandrequiresCompanyAtofulfillthecontract.,3,4.Brequirescompensation,SinceCompanyAdidnotperformthecontractattheend,CompanyBresortedtotheSwedisharbitraltribunalandrequiredCompanyAscompensationforthelosses.,4,5.Asargument,But,CompanyAslawyersarguedthatCompanyAhadsentthenoticeofrevocationtotheCompanyBonDec.15th,sotheoffersentonNov.25thhadbeenrevokedandhadlostitseffectiveness.Inthisway,thecommitmentofCompanyBonDec.22ndwasnoteffectiveandthepurchaseandsalecontracthadnotbeenestablished.,5,Questions,IstherevocationofCompanyAeffective?IstheofferofCompanyAinNov.25thirrevocable?IsthecontractofCompanyAandCompanyBeffective?,6,TherevocationofCompanyAisunreasonable.TheofferofCompanyAisirrevocable.ThecontractofCompanyAandCompanyBiseffective.,Answers,7,Reasons,TherevocationofCompanyAisineffective.CompanyAthinksthathesendstherevocationtotheCompanyB,sotheofferisrevokedandineffective.HoweverUnderCISG15(P361)Anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.Whatsmore,therevocationofanoffershouldhappenbeforeanofferiseffective.,8,2.TheofferofCompanyAisirrevocable.UndertheCISGArticle16,(P361)Anoffercannotberevokedundersuchcondition:Ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable.CompanyAmentionsthevalidtimeisbeforeDec.30andhereceivestheacceptancemadebyCompanyBinvalidtime.Theofferiseffectiveandisirrevocable.,9,3.ThecontractofCompanyAandCompanyBiseffective.,InthiscasetheofferofCompanyAindicatestheperiodofvalidityisDec.30in2001.TheacceptanceofCompanyBismadewithintheperiodofvalidity,sothecontractiseffective.,10,Conclusion,Anofferiseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.Anoffercanbewithdrawnbeforetheoffereereceivestheoffer.Anoffercanberevocablebeforetheoffereeacceptstheoffer.Anofferisirrevocablewithinvalidtime.,11,Suggestion,WithdrawalandrevocationofanofferisverycomplexandweshouldrefertoCISGarticlestojudgeifandhowanoffercanberevocableorwithdrawal.WeshouldmakeacomprehensivestudyofCISGarticlesandapplytothesituationwhichwemaymeetinthefuture.,12,案例分析2,ThreeregisteredaccountantsZhang,WangandLisetupapublicaccountingfirmjointlywiththenameSpecialGeneralPartnership,supplyingtheservicesofauditingandcertificationofregisteredcapital.Duringtheauditingaffairsin2008,therehappenedthefollowingmatters:,13,1)WhenZhangwasauditingAPublicCompanysaccountingreport,heleftoutpartofthesalesrevenueswithgrossnegligence.ThecourtheldthatthepublicaccountingfirmshouldberesponsibleforthelossofA.ButZhangthoughtthathedidntdothisonpurpose,thusallthepartnersshouldtakejointliabilityfortheloss.,14,2)WhenWangwascertificatingtheregisteredcapitalofBcompany,hemadeamistakewithnegligence,andthusledtosomeeconomiclossesofthecreditorofBcompany.ThecourtheldthatWangsnegligencedidnotbelongtogrossnegligence.,15,questions,Answerthefollowingquestions:(1)WasZhangsallegationright?Why?(2)WhatshouldthepartnersdealwiththelossescausedbyWang?Pleasepresentyourreasons.,16,Zhangsallegationwasnotright.Accordingtothepartnershiplaw,whenoneormoreofthepartnersactionleadstosomedebtsofthepartnershipdeliberatelyorwithgrossnegligence,theyshouldtakeunlimitedliabilityorunlimitedjointliability,andotherpartnerstakelimitedliabilityinaccordancewiththeirprofitproportioninthepartnership.Inthiscase,Zhangsactionwaswithgrossnegligence,sohewouldtakeunlimitedliability,andotherpartnerstooklimitedliability.,17,(2)TothelossescausedbyWang,allthepartnersshouldtakeunlimitedjointliabilities.Accordingtothepartnershiplaw,whenoneormoreofthepartnersactionleadstosomedebtsofthepartnershipnotdeliberatelyornotwithgrossnegligence,allthepartnersshouldtakeunlimitedjointliabilities.Inthiscase,Wangsactiondidnotbelongtogrossnegligence,soallthepartnersshouldtakeunlimitedliabilities.,18,Inacorporation,whatrightsdoesoneshareholderhave?(vote,obtainthedivident,transfertheshares,sue,inspecton)Whatarethemajordutiesofprincipaltoagent?(paycommission,reimburseandindemnify,keepaccounds)Whatisthemirrorimagerule?(inmostcountriesisoneoftherequirmentsoftheoffer,therulestatesthattheacceptanceshouldmatchthetermsoftheofferexactly,unconditionallyandunequivocally)Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenthetworulesofacceptance,namely“mail-boxrule”and“receiptrule”(1.mail-boxruleisthatthecontractisformedwhentheletterofacceptanceisplacedinthemail-box,itappliesonlytotheacceptance,undertherule,theacceptanceiseffectiveoncetheletterofacceptanceisposted,itmakesnodifferenceiftheofferoractuallyreceivestheletter;2.thereceiptruleisthattheacceptanceiseffectiveifitwascommunicatedtotheaddressee;3.thedifferenceistheallocationofriskwhentheletterofacceptanceislostordelaied)Whatarethe3requirementofanoffer?(1.itisaproposaladdressedtospecificpersons;2.itmustindicateanintentiontobeboundincaseofacceptance,whichdistinguishsanofferfromageneralsalescatalogueoradvertisementorapurchaseinquiry;3.itmustbesufficientlydefinite,thisprovisionisdirectedtowardonlythreecontractterm:thedescriptionsofgoods,theirquantityandtheirprice.),19,6.Whatarethemajorsourcesofinternationalbusinesslaw?(internationaltreatiesandconventions;internationaltradecustomsandusages;nationalbusinesslaws)7.Whatdoyouthink