the sad young men上课（课堂PPT）

Lesson10,RodW.Hortoncorrectlye.g.Youmustlearntoseethingsinperspective.sensational:arousingstrongcuriosity,interest,orreactiondegeneration:moralcorruptionjazzmad:blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusic,17,Figuresofspeech(Para.1),Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedandcuriousquestioningsbytheyoungtransferredepithet,18,Para.1Mainidea,YoungpeoplesinterestintheRevoltoftheYoungerGenerationofthe1920s.,19,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.2),logicaloutcome:necessaryorexpectedresultaftermath:aconsequence,esp.ofadisasterormisfortunesubconscious:occurringwithoutconsciousperception,20,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.2),stature:highlevelofrespectprovincial:narrowborderingoceans,21,Figuresofspeech(Para.2),andthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmoralityMetaphor(comparing“provincialmorality”to“artificialwalls”),22,Para.2Mainidea,Therevoltwasalogicaloutcomeoftheconditionsintheage.,23,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.3),Victorian:showingthemiddle-classrespectability,generallyofVictorianEnglandgentility:thequalityofbeinggenteel,elegantboom:developrapidlyroar:tomakealoudnoise,24,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.3),corporate:individualsactingtogetherimpersonality:lackofhumancharacterorfeelingsaggressive:aruthlessdesiretodominatecode:principlesorrulesofconduct,25,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.3),well-bred:well-manneredandrefinedbustling:fullofenergeticandnoisyactivitymedium:environmentcatalyticagent:stimulustospeedupprecipitate:throwsuddenly,26,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.3),inhibit:putdownbyforce,repressobsolescent:gettingoldandbecomingunacceptable;beingintheprocessofpassingoutofuse,27,Figuresofspeech(Para.3),theywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.Metaphor(Theyhadtofightasinabattleinordertobecomesuccessful.)Thewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownof.Metaphor,28,Para.3Mainidea,TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywasinevitable.,29,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4),mores:customstempt:trytogetsb.todosth.wrongair:anoutwardappearance;generalimpressionsophistication:beingartificial,worldly-wise精于世故的,30,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4),pose:pretenseBohemian:aperson,esp.anartist,poet,unconventionalinhabits,dress,andsometimesinmorals,materialpovertybecausetheyprefertheirartfaddishness:followingfashionnovelty:newnesshectic:excited;confused;feverish,31,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4),gaiety:merriment;agayfeelingperversion:asexualpracticeProhibition:Theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposesmuch-publicized:reportedofteninnewspapersandmagazinesorgy:anywild,immoderateindulgence放荡,32,Prohibition,speciallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920-1933)ofprohibitionbyFederalLaw.,33,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4),defiant:boldlyresistingauthoritymanifesto:apublicdeclarationofprinciples,policiesGreenwichVillage:sectionofNewYorkCity,acenterforartists,writers,etc,formerlyavillage,34,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4)GreenwichVillage,Severalgenerationsofwritersandartistshavelivedandworkedhere.19thcentury:HenryJames,EdgarAllanPoe,MarkTwain,WaltWhitman,StephenCraneturnofthe20thcentury:O.Henry,EdithWharton,TheodoreDreiserbetweenthe1920sand1930s,JohnDosPassos,NormanRockwell,SinclairLewis,JohnReed,EugeneONeill,35,Para.4GreenwichVillage,late1940sandearly1950s:paintersFranzKline;BeatwritersJackKerouacthe1960s:folkmusiciansandpoets,BobDylan,36,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.4),spree:overindulgenceinanactivity狂欢crash:asuddeneconomicfailurethecrashoftheworldeconomicstructure:theGreatEconomicDepression(startedintheU.S.in1929)reveler:acelebrantwhosharesinanoisyparty;merrymakersoberup:causesb.tobecomeserious，solemn,37,Figuresofspeech(Para.4),untilthecrashoftheworldeconomicstructureattheendofthedecadecalledthepartytoahaltandforcedtherevellerstosoberupandfacetheproblemsofthenewage.Metaphor(theescapistswild,riotousliving-aparty;theescapists-drunkenrevelers),38,Para.4Mainidea,Youngpeoplesescapism.,39,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),stalemate:asituationinwhichnoprogresscanbemadethestalemateof1915-1916:thestalemateontheWesternFrontinEurope.Thebattlelinesremainedstationaryforthreeyearsinsolence:rudeness,40,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),insolenceofGermanytowardstheU.S.:beginningofWWI:U.S.,aneutralnation1915,aGermansubmarine(U-boat)attackedaBritishliner,theLusitania,killing1,195people(128Americans).NosympathyforGermany;demandsforwar1917,U.S.brokeoffrelationswithGermany;soondeclaredwaronGermany,41,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),belligerent:atwar；ofwarstrenuous:vigorous,zealousjingoism:chauvinismcharacterizedbyanaggressive,threatening,warlikeforeignpolicy侵略主义，沙文主义,42,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),TheodoreRoosevelt西奥多罗斯福(1859-1919)26thPresidentoftheU.S.(1901-09)criticizedforhisglorificationofmilitarystrengthandhispatrioticfervor.AftertheoutbreakofWorldWarI,heattackedWilsonsneutralitypolicy.,43,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),JohnDosPassos(1896-1970)AmericannovelistPublications:ThreeSoldiersManhattanTransferU.S.A.DistrictofColumbia,44,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),turnbellyup:finish,end(Infishing,afishthatfloatsbellyupisdead.)thestrifeof1861-65:strife:bitterconflict,theCivilWarbetweentheNorthern(Federal)StatesandSouthern(Confederate)States,whichresultedinvictoryfortheformerandtheabolitionofslavery,45,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),magnolia-scented:verysweetmagnolia:akindofflowersoapopera:radioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlysentimentalnature,46,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),fracas:anoisyfightfracaswithSpainin1898:theSpanish-AmericanWar(1898),U.S.navysailedintotheharborofManilaandinafewhoursthoroughlydefeatedtheSpanishfleetthere.dissolve:fade;cometoanend,47,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),charge:rushSanJuanHill:inEastCuba,thesceneofabattleintheSpanish-Americanwarassemblyorator:publicspeakerotherwise:inotherrespectsorwayscorps:armyunit,48,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),infantry:anarmyunitconsistingofsoldierswhofightonfootmerchantmarine:thevesselsthathelpedtocarrysuppliesandammunitions,49,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),NationalGuard:UnitedStatesmilitaryreserves国民自卫队Inpeacetime,usedbygovernorstoquelllocaldisturbancesInwars,absorbedintotheactiveserviceoftheU.S.,50,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),enlist:enterthearmyrecruitment:enlistingpeopleforthearmyharassed:troubled,worriedsergeant:noncommissionedofficerofthefifthgrade中士draft:choosingindividualsformilitaryservice征兵,51,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.5),craze:aninterestfollowedwithexaggeratedzealunabated:adj.maintainingfullforcewithnodecrease,52,Para.5Mainidea,Enlistmentcraze.,53,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),spiritofcarnival:festivespirit,spiritofmerrymaking,54,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),dissipate:disappear;breakupcontingent:atemporarymilitaryunit,55,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),Fourth-of-July:U.S.IndependenceDay,commemoratingtheadoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence,celebratedwiththefiringofgunsandfireworks,parades,open-airmeetings,andpatrioticspeeches.bombast:pompousorpretentioustalkorwriting浮夸的言语,高调,56,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),Fourth-of-Julybombast:pompousandpatrioticspeechesmadeduringtheFourthofJulycelebrationsrecession:declineoutgrow:growtoolargeforonesclothesbewildering:confusingwhipup:rouse;excite,57,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),GopherPrairies:backward,undevelopedareasoftheprairiesprairie:atreelessgrassyplain,58,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),curb:restrain,controlresume:continueoutmoded:old-fashionedsodden:expressionless,stupid,ordull,esp.fromdrink,59,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),Napoleoniccynicism:Asconqueror,NapoleoncynicallyrearrangedthewholemapofEurope.Thevictoriousallies(协约国)ofWorldWarIdidthesameatVersailles(theVersaillesPalaceinParis:TreatyofVersailles).cynicism:ascornfulattitude;ageneraldistrustoftheintegrityofotherpeople,60,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),hypocritical:deceptive,justpretendingtobegoodsmug:self-satisfied,61,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),profiteers:someonewhomakesmuchprofittension-ridden:fulloftension,62,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.6),resentment:thefeelingofangerorbitternessgenteel:polite,refined,63,Figuresofspeech(Para.6),oncetheeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtasteoftwentieth-centurywarfare.Metaphor(realorthoroughexperienceof-agoodtaste);theyhadoutgrowntownandfamiliesMetaphor(theirunsuitability-growingtoolargeforonesclothes),64,Para.6Mainidea,Reasonsfortheyouthsoverthrowofthegenteelstandardsofbehavior.,65,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.7),dubiousreputation:areputationthatwasquestionabledubious:rousingsuspicionBohemianism:thepracticeofanunconventionallifestyle;mainlymusicians,artists,writerseccentricity:strangeandunconventionalbehavior,66,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.7),harbor:giveahomeorsheltertoinflame:arouseorexcitefeelingsBabbittry:narrowmindedmaterialism低级趣味,市侩作风Babbit:GeorgeBabbitt,titlecharacterofasatiricalnovelbySinclairLewis,asmuglyconventionalpersoninterestedchieflyinbusinessandsocialsuccessandindifferenttoculturalvalues,67,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.7),gentility:thequalityofbeingpolite,gentle,orgracefulflout:bescornful;showcontempt;mockat,68,Figuresofspeech(Para.7),GreenwichVillagesetthepattern.Metonymy转喻(GreenwichVillage-thewritersandartistslivinginGreenwichVillage)hopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,Metonymy转喻(“pens”-theirwriting;“Babbittry”-qualitiesdisplayedbyBabbitt),69,Para.7Mainidea,GreenwichVillagesetthepattern.,70,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.8),defy:resist;opposeconflagration:abig,destructivefirefast:livinginareckless,wildway放纵的set:agroupofpersonssharingacommoninterestcountryclub:aclubwithsportingandsocialfacilities,setinasuburbanareapulpit:preacherscollectively神职人员,71,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.7),obliquely:indirectlyimplied:suggestedbutnotdirectlyexpressedrender:provide;givemarble:asmallballofcoloredglassusedasatoy,72,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.7),BelleauWood:smallforestinFrance;siteofabattleinWWIbetweenGermanyandU.S.,73,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.8),ChateauThierry:atowninFrance,amajorbattlefieldduringWorldWarI.Germanoccupiersweredrivenaway.vulgar:common;popular,74,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.8),flapper:(inthe1920s)Afashionableyoungwomanintentonenjoyingherselfandfloutingconventionalstandardsofbehavior,75,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.8),ModelT:oneoftheearlyFordcars,76,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.8),DutchColonialhome:spacioushousesfollowingthestyleofDutchColonialarchitectureFloralHeights:aresidentialsuburbofNewYork,77,Figuresofspeech(Para.8),andtoaddtheirownlittlematchstickstotheconflagrationmetaphor(matchsticksmisdeeds)(conflagration-therevoltoftheyoung)Beforelongthemovementhadbecomeofficiallyrecognizedbythepulpitmetonymy(pulpit-thechurch),78,Figuresofspeech(Para.8),itwasGreenwichVillagethatfannedtheflames.metonymy(GreenwichVillage-theyoungintellectualslivinginGreenwichVillage)metaphor(flames-revolt)andwhohadsufferednorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersoftheireldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.metaphor(playwiththetoys-liveunconventionallives),79,Para.8Mainidea,Unconventionalitywasimitated,recognized,acceptedandbecamecommon.,80,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.9),avid:keenlyinterestedsusceptible:easilyinfluenced;sensitivestandardization:theimposition(强迫接受)ofstandardsorregulationsconventionalized:adaptingtoconventions,81,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.9),Rotary:扶轮会organizationofserviceclubs(RotaryClubs),foundedin1905,businessandprofessionalpeople,Rotaryclubsthroughouttheworld,morethan32,000clubs,opentoallpersonsregardlessofrace,color,creed,gender,orpoliticalpreference,meetinginrotationatthemembersplacesofbusiness,82,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.9),luncheon:aformallunchacute:sharpdiatribe:bittercriticismordenunciationboobery:self-satisfiedconformist市侩grandiose:impressiveormagnificentinappearanceorstylerallyingpoint:apointonwhichscatteredgroupscancometogether,83,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.9),burden:centralidea；themeadjunct:connectedoraddedtosomethingcrook:dishonestpersonkeepupwiththeJoneses:trytogetallthematerialthingsonesneighborshaveJoneses:apersonsneighborsshowtheway:beanexampleglint:smallflashoflight,84,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.9),remedy:somethingthatcorrectsanevil,afault,oranerrorfollowsuit:followtheexample,85,Figuresofspeech(Para.9),AnimportantbookwastherallyingpointofsensitivepersonsdisgustedwithAmerica.metaphor(thebook-therallyingpoint)-,butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,personification,86,Figuresofspeech(Para.9),butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,Metaphor(America-ablindanddeafperson),butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,Metonymy(glintandringofthedollar-attractionofwealthandmoney),87,Para.9Mainidea,Expressionoftheintellectualsdissatisfactionthroughthebook.,88,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),defiant:boldlyresistingauthorityexpatriation:residinginacountryotherthanthepersonshomelandGertrudeStein(1874-1946):anAmericanwriter,mostofherlifeinFrance,acatalystinthedevelopmentofmodernartandliterature,89,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),commondenominator:asharedcharacteristic；afeatureincommoncynical:distrustfulofhumansincerityorintegritypowerpolitics:diplomacyinwhichthenationsthreatentouseforceinordertoobtaintheirobjectivesVersailles:theTreaty(和约)ofVersailles,90,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),stunned:unabletoact;shockedJohnAndrews:acharacterinDosPassosfirstsuccessfulnovelThreeSoldiers(1921),highlysensitivetoartandbeautybutfailstosucceedinlifeaesthete:apersonwhohasaspecialappreciationofartandbeauty,91,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),LewisMumford(1895-1990):Americansocialphilosopher,TechnicsandCivilization;TheConditionofMan,TheCityinHistory,92,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),EzraPound(1885-1972):Americanpoet,critic,andtranslator;stronglyinfluencedthedevelopmentofmodernliterature,oftencalledthepoetspoet.Majorworks:HomagetoSextusPropertius向赛克斯特斯.普罗波蒂斯致敬HughSelwynManberley休.赛尔温.毛伯利,Cantos诗章,93,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),SherwoodAnderson(1876-1941),Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,bestknownforhisnovelWinesburg,Ohio小城畸人故事集,94,MatthewJosephson(1899-1978)：NewYorkauthor,post-warexpatriateZolaandHisTimePortraitoftheArtistasAmericanTheRobberBarons,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),95,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),T.S.Eliot(1888-1965),Englishpoet(borninAmerica)，critic,96,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),T.S.Eliot-Oneofthemostdistinguishedliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury,NobelPrizeinliterature(1948),97,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),Antibes:aseasideresortinFrancefavoredbywritersandartistsLeftBank:leftbankoftheRiverSeineinParis,famousforitsopen-airbookstalls,98,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),blast:intenseadversecriticismtoaman:withoutexceptiondrift:becarriedalongbyairorwater,99,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10)NewEngland,NewEngland:anareaonthenortheasterncoastoftheUS:Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut,100,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.10),tempering:hardeningsomethingbyheatingit,101,Para.10Mainidea,TheyoungintellectualsexpatriationinEurope.,102,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.11),lost:spirituallyorphysicallydestroyeduprooted:destroyedcompletelyiconoclastic:attackingestablishedbeliefsexperimental:radicallynewandinnovativewriteoff:cancelsterile:unproductive,103,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.11),EugeneONeill尤金奥尼尔(1888-1953),Americandramatist,104,Detailedstudyofthetext(Para.11),flay:criticizeorscoldmercilesslyBabbitts:smug,self-satisfied,conventionalandmaterialisticpeoplestimulating:exciting,105,Para.11Mainidea,The“lostgenerationwasneverlost.Theygavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwriting.,106,35,Exercises,107,defiant,resistingauthoritylearningtotoleratecontemptiblepainstaking,108,avid,uselesseagersophisticatedindifferent,109,inhibit,showcollectpretendrepress,110,stunned,hungryproductiveshockeddisappointed,111,eccentricity,strangenessBabbitrymaterialismjingoism,112,render,lendprovidecreateproduce,113,revoltA.rebellionB.amourC.memoryD.recollection,114,statureA.statusB.statueC.stationD.stuff,115,provincialA.giganticB.narrowC.novelD.moral,116,transitoryA.curiousB.idealisticC.tremendousD.short-lived,117,obsolescentA.unabatedB.smugC.outmodedD.sodden,118,strifeA.struggleB.patriotismC.recessionD.factor,119,obliquelyA.sexuallyB.reluctantlyC.internationallyD.indirectly,120,harassA.pleadB.worryC.fanD.flatter,121,fadA.featureB.imitatorC.fashionD.pulpit,122,hecticA.affluentB.acuteC.excitingD.naughty,123,crookA.cookB.cheatC.cowboyD.writer,124,curbA.controlB.shockC.escapeD.drift,125,sterileA.cynicalB.sensitiveC.unproductiveD.sophisticated,126,illicitA.legalB.illegalC.resi