忍冬科植物简介

忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,中国植物志：13(12)/500(200+),FOC：5(66)/5(207),APG：42/890,Largelytemperate/warmtemperateinthenorthernhemisphere,somemontanetropics(exp.Valerianoideae),butneithertheAntipodesnorthePacific.,大洋洲,太平洋,五福花科,锦带花亚科,败酱亚科,川续断亚科,忍冬亚科,北极花亚科,刺续断亚科,六道木属,中国植物志,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta锦带花属Weigela,FOC,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta双六道木属Diabelia锦带花属Weigela,五福花科Adoxaceae,北极花科Linnaeaceae,锦带花科Diervillaceae,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,双六道木属Diabelia,忍冬科Cymeswithapairofbractsand2pairsofbracteoles，occasionallyaccrescentinfruit,rarelyabsent.anthersfree,2-celled，Ovaryinferior，Fruitaberry,adrupewith2-5pyrenes,oraleatheryachene.Seeds1tomany;,五福花科Inflorescencesterminalpaniclesorumbellate,spicate,orcapitatecymes.anthersfree,2-celled，Ovarysemi-inferiortoinferior，Fruitdrupes;seeds1or3-5.,锦带花科：Ovaryinferior,withagloboseglandononesideofupperpart，Fruita2-valveddehiscentcapsule,北极花科：bractsleaflikeorreducedandlocatedatbaseofovaryandforminganepicalyx.,1.花序由聚散合成伞形、伞房式或圆锥式；柱头常2-3裂；花冠不具蜜腺；花药内向或外向五福花科1.花序非上述情况，若为圆锥花序则花柱细长；柱头大多为头状，很少分裂；花冠具蜜腺；花药内向。2.蒴果锦带花科2.核果。3.聚伞花序有一对苞片和两对小苞片，稀缺；种子1到多数忍冬科3.苞片叶状，着生在子房基部形成萼状总苞；种子1-颗北极花科,五福花科Adoxaceae,1.Leavessimple;ovary1-loculed;drupes1-seeded;shrubsorsmalltreesViburnum1.Leavescompound;ovary3-5-loculed;drupesusually3-5-seeded;shrubsorsmalltreesSambucus,五福花科Adoxaceae-荚蒾属Viburnum,单叶,核果1种子,花药内向,叶柄及花冠筒被星状毛，花芳香,V.dilatatum荚蒾,V.macrocephalum绣球荚蒾,V.odoratissimum珊瑚树,叶革职,不育花,五福花科Adoxaceae-接骨木属Sambucus,S.williamsii接骨木,奇数羽状复叶,花药外向,核果浆果状,Adoxamoschatellina五福花,草本，复叶,花,雄蕊2轮，内轮退化，外轮分裂为2半蕊花药外向,中国植物志,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta锦带花属Weigela,FOC,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta双六道木属Diabelia锦带花属Weigela,五福花科Adoxaceae,北极花科Linnaeaceae,锦带花科Diervillaceae,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,双六道木属Diabelia,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,1.Flowerssingleandoppositeinaspike2.Ovaries5,7,or8-locular,allloculeswithmanyovules.Leycesteria鬼吹箫属2.Ovaries4-locular,2loculeswith1fertileovule,other2loculeswithmanysterileovules.Symphoricarpos毛核木属1.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule)orinwhorlsof63.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule).Lonicera忍冬属3.Flowersinwhorlsof64.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属,小苞片连合成杯状而包被萼筒,两对紧密缩合的苞片组成头状的圆锥花序,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-毛核木属Symphoricarpos,S.sinensis毛核木,灌木，花单生于短小、钻形苞片的腋内，形成顶生穗状花序,果顶端有一小喙，蓝黑色，具白霜,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,1.Flowerssingleandoppositeinaspike2.Ovaries5,7,or8-locular,allloculeswithmanyovules.Leycesteria鬼吹箫属2.Ovaries4-locular,2loculeswith1fertileovule,other2loculeswithmanysterileovules.Symphoricarpos毛核木属1.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule)orinwhorlsof63.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule).Lonicera忍冬属3.Flowersinwhorlsof64.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属,小苞片连合成杯状而包被萼筒,两对紧密缩合的苞片组成头状的圆锥花序,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-七子花属Heptacodium,Onespecies,H.Miconioides七子花,叶三出脉,宿存花萼被刺刚毛,花七朵，花冠稍二唇,1.Flowerssingleandoppositeinaspike2.Ovaries5,7,or8-locular,allloculeswithmanyovules.Leycesteria鬼吹箫属2.Ovaries4-locular,2loculeswith1fertileovule,other2loculeswithmanysterileovules.Symphoricarpos毛核木属1.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule)orinwhorlsof63.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule).Lonicera忍冬属3.Flowersinwhorlsof64.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,小苞片连合成杯状而包被萼筒,两对紧密缩合的苞片组成头状的圆锥花序,4.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属4.Inflorescencedifferent,ifflowersinacapitulumthenplantaclimberwithperfoliateinvolucralbractsandbilabiateflowersin1-4whorls5.Herbs;leavespinnatifid,otherwiseperfoliateTriosteum莛子藨属5.Shrubsorclimbers;leavesentire,notperfoliate(involucralbractssometimesperfoliate).6.Shrubs;flowersfunnelformLeycesteria鬼吹箫属6.Climbers;flowersbilabiateLonicera忍冬属,抱茎的总苞,二唇的,羽裂的,漏斗状的,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-鬼吹箫属Leycesteria,示蜜腺囊,穗状花序每节对生,子房7-8室，每室胚珠多数,L.gracilis纤细鬼吹箫,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-鬼吹箫属Leycesteria,L.formosa鬼吹箫,花每节6朵，苞片叶状，每轮6枚花冠漏斗状果具宿存萼齿,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,1.Flowerssingleandoppositeinaspike2.Ovaries5,7,or8-locular,allloculeswithmanyovules.Leycesteria鬼吹箫属2.Ovaries4-locular,2loculeswith1fertileovule,other2loculeswithmanysterileovules.Symphoricarpos毛核木属1.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule)orinwhorlsof63.Flowerspaired(rarelysingleandthenpedunculate;rarelyinthreesandthenbracteolesfusedintoacupule).Lonicera忍冬属3.Flowersinwhorlsof64.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属,小苞片连合成杯状而包被萼筒,两对紧密缩合的苞片组成头状的圆锥花序,4.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属4.Inflorescencedifferent,ifflowersinacapitulumthenplantaclimberwithperfoliateinvolucralbractsandbilabiateflowersin1-4whorls5.Herbs;leavespinnatifid,otherwiseperfoliateTriosteum莛子藨属5.Shrubsorclimbers;leavesentire,notperfoliate(involucralbractssometimesperfoliate).6.Shrubs;flowersfunnelformLeycesteria鬼吹箫属6.Climbers;flowersbilabiateLonicera忍冬属,抱茎的总苞,二唇的,羽裂的,漏斗状的,L.japonica忍冬,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-忍冬属Lonicera,花二唇形,苞片,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-忍冬属Lonicera,L.tragophylla盘叶忍冬,花序下1-2对叶连合成盘状,3朵花组成聚伞花序密集成头状花序,4.Flowers6inasinglewhorl,with2pairsoftightinvolucralbractsformingacapitulum;capitulapaniculate;shrubswithtriplinervedleaves.Heptacodium七子花属4.Inflorescencedifferent,ifflowersinacapitulumthenplantaclimberwithperfoliateinvolucralbractsandbilabiateflowersin1-4whorls5.Herbs;leavespinnatifid,otherwiseperfoliateTriosteum莛子藨属5.Shrubsorclimbers;leavesentire,notperfoliate(involucralbractssometimesperfoliate).6.Shrubs;flowersfunnelformLeycesteria鬼吹箫属6.Climbers;flowersbilabiateLonicera忍冬属,抱茎的总苞,二唇的,羽裂的,漏斗状的,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae-莛子藨属Triosteum,T.pinnatifidum莛子藨,草本，叶羽状深裂,果具宿存萼齿,3多花组成的聚伞花序对生,中国植物志,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta锦带花属Weigela,FOC,接骨木属Sambucus荚蒾属Viburnum莛子藨属Triosteum七子花属Heptacodium毛核木属Symphoricarpos鬼吹箫属Leycesteria忍冬属Lonicera北极花属Linnaea蝟实属Kolkwitzia六道木属Zabelia糯米条属Abelia双盾木属Dipelta双六道木属Diabelia锦带花属Weigela,五福花科Adoxaceae,北极花科Linnaeaceae,锦带花科Diervillaceae,忍冬科Caprifoliaceae,双六道木属Diabelia,北极花科Linnaeaceae,1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsdilatedandconnateatbase,enclosingaxillarybuds;corollahypocrateriform,withacylindricaltubeand4or5spreadinglobes;flowersin3-floweredcymesorpaired;stigmasgreenandmucilaginousZabelia六道木属1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsnotdilated,axillarybudsexposed;corollafunnelformorbilabiatewith5spreadinglobes;flowerspairedorsingle;stigmaswhiteandnotmucilaginous.2.Twobractsaccrescentandbecomingwinglikeinfruit;ovary4-locularwith2fertileloculesDipelta双盾木属2.Bractsnotwinglikeinfruit;ovary3-or4-locularwith1or2fertilelocules.,扩大,合生,高脚碟形,圆柱形的,分泌粘液,漏斗形,北极花科Linnaeaceae-六道木属Zabelia,TheZ.bifloraspeciescomplex,花冠高脚碟形，柱头绿色,叶柄基部膨大合生,花被裂片4,宿存花萼疏被纤毛,TheZabeliabifloraspeciescomplexwasrevisedbyNakai(J.Jap.Bot.13(8):1-12.1937)whodistinguished11species.Wecurrentlyrecognizetwospecies(Zabeliabiflora(Turczaninow)Makino六道木andZabeliadielsii(Graebner)Makino南方六道木)inChina.Mostofthedifferencesbetweentaxawerebasedonthelengthofthepeduncles,bracts,andbracteoles,whicharehighlyvariable.ClassificationofZabeliabifloraiscomplexandneedstobeinvestigated.,北极花科Linnaeaceae-六道木属Zabelia,Z.triflora醉鱼草状六道木,宿存萼片密被毛,花被裂片5,北极花科Linnaeaceae,1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsdilatedandconnateatbase;corollahypocrateriform,withacylindricaltubeand4or5spreadinglobes;flowersin3-floweredcymesorpaired;stigmasgreenandmucilaginousZabelia六道木属1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsnotdilated;corollafunnelformorbilabiatewith5spreadinglobes;flowerspairedorsingle;stigmaswhiteandnotmucilaginous.2.Twobractsaccrescentandbecomingwinglikeinfruit;ovary4-locularwith2fertileloculesDipelta双盾木属2.Bractsnotwinglikeinfruit;ovary3-or4-locularwith1or2fertilelocules.,扩大,合生,高脚碟形,圆柱形的,分泌粘液,漏斗形,北极花科Linnaeaceae-双盾木属Dipelta,D.floribunda双盾木,小苞片盾状，膜质，宿存而增大成翅状,花冠稍二唇形,北极花科Linnaeaceae,1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsdilatedandconnateatbase;corollahypocrateriform,withacylindricaltubeand4or5spreadinglobes;flowersin3-floweredcymesorpaired;stigmasgreenandmucilaginousZabelia六道木属1.Petiolesofoppositeleafpairsnotdilated;corollafunnelformorbilabiatewith5spreadinglobes;flowerspairedorsingle;stigmaswhiteandnotmucilaginous.2.Twobractsaccrescentandbecomingwinglikeinfruit;ovary4-locularwith2fertileloculesDipelta双盾木属2.Bractsnotwinglikeinfruit;ovary3-or4-locularwith1or2fertilelocules.,扩大,合生,高脚碟形,圆柱形的,分泌粘液,漏斗形,3.Evergreen,creepingsubshrubs;twobractsshieldlikeandcoveredwithstickyglandularhairs;inflorescencereducedto2singleflowersatapicesofbranchlets(thosecanlooklikepairedflowersbuthavemorebractsandinternodesseparatingthem)Linnaea北极花属3.Erectshrubs;bractsandinflorescencenotasabove.4.Bractsandbracteolescoveredwithbristles,accrescentandbecomingspongy,woodyandfusedtoovariesinfruit.Kolkwitzia蝟实属4.Bractsandbracteoleswithoutbristles,smallandnon-accrescentinfruit.5.Flowersterminalandpaired(flowersopeningsimultaneously),sometimes1-3(-8)duetosupernumeraryflowersaxillarytobracteoles(moreoftensoonrepeat-bloomlongshoots),springfloweringDiabelia双六道木属5.Flowersaxillary,paniculate,singleorpaired(flowersopeningconsecutively),summerorautumnfloweringAbelia糯米条属,北极花科Linnaeaceae-北极花属Linnaea,L.borealis北极花,Onespecies,苞片盾状，密被粘性腺毛,果实下垂,匍匐亚灌木,3.Evergreen,creepingsubshrubs;twobractsshieldlikeandcoveredwithstickyglandularhairs;inflorescencereducedto2singleflowersatapicesofbranchlets(thosecanlooklikepairedflowersbuthavemorebractsandinternodesseparatingthem)Linnaea北极花属3.Erectshrubs;bractsandinflorescencenotasabove.4.Bractsandbracteolescoveredwithbristles,accrescentandbecomingspongy,woodyandfusedtoovariesinfruit.Kolkwitzia蝟实属4.Bractsandbracteoleswithoutbristles,smallandnon-accrescentinfruit.5.Flowersterminalandpaired(flowersopeningsimultaneously),sometimes1-3(-8)duetosupernumeraryflowersaxillarytobracteoles(moreoftensoonrepeat-bloomlongshoots),springfloweringDiabelia双六道木属5.Flowersaxillary,paniculate,singleorpaired(flowersopeningconsecutively),summerorautumnfloweringAbelia糯米条属,K.amabilis蝟实,北极花科Linnaeaceae-蝟实属Kolkwitzia,Onespecies,花冠5裂，不等大,苞片小苞片密被刺刚毛，宿存,萼齿宿存，2朵花组成的聚伞花序伞房状,3.Evergreen,creepingsubshrubs;twobractsshieldlikeandcoveredwithstickyglandularhairs;inflorescencereducedto2singleflowersatapicesofbranchlets(thoseca