大学英语实用翻译ppt课件

.,1,英汉互译技巧,第四章,.,2,第一讲Diction遣词用字第二讲Amplification增词法第三讲Omission省略法第四讲Conversion转换第五讲Restructuring结构调整第六讲ThePassiveVoice被动语态第七讲Affirmativevs.Negative肯定与否定第八讲NominalClauses名词性从句第九讲AttributiveClause定语从句第十讲AdverbialClause状语从句第十一讲LongSentences长句的翻译,.,3,第一讲Diction遣词用字,一、教学重点：1.英汉词字层次对等关系2.词义的选择和引申二、教学内容：1.英汉词字层次对等关系2.英语词义辨析法3.词义的选择4.词义的引申,.,4,WhatisDiction?,By“diction”wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.,.,5,CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChinese,FullcorrespondenceNoequivalentsOnewordwithmultipleequivalentsOfthesamemeaningOfdifferentmeanings,.,6,Howtojudgethemeaning?,FromthepartsofspeechFromthecollocationFromthecontextFromthesyntax,.,7,Partsofspeech,Hesawamansawingwoodwithasaw他看见一个人正用锯子锯木头。Needingsomelighttoseeby,theburglarcrossedtheroomwithalightsteptolightthelightwiththelightgreenshade.夜贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间，点亮了那盏有浅绿色灯罩的灯，以便辨别方向。Eatwhatyoucanandcanwhatyoucannot能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。,.,8,Collocation,afastcarthefastgrowthfastmusicafastjourneyfastcolorafastfilmafastovenfastasleepbreakonesfaststickfastinthemud,速度很快的车迅速成展节奏快的音乐行程紧凑的一次旅行不易褪掉的颜色快速感光胶卷烤箱熟睡开斋牢牢地陷在泥潭里,.,9,Context,Thiswarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。Itisquiteanotherstorynow.现在的情况完全不同了。Somereporterswhowerenotincludedinthesessionsbrokethestory.有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了.Hellbeveryhappyifthatstoryholdsup.如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。,.,10,Syntax,agreementanagreementpeopleapeoplehostilityhostilitiesuseuses,同意协定人民民族敌意战争使用用途,.,11,.CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel英汉词字层次对等关系,1、Word-for-WordCorrespondenceMarxism=马克思主义Aspirin=阿斯匹林激光=laser白血病=leukemia2、OneWordwithMultipleEquivalentsoftheSameMeaningwife:妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人人:humanbeing,man,people,person.,.,12,3、OneWordwithSeveralEquivalentsofDifferentMeaningscousin:堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹、卿president：总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长羊：sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb,.,13,4、EquivalentsInterwovenwithOneAnother,.,14,5、WordswithoutEquivalentsteenager:13至19岁的青少年clock-watcher:老是看钟等下班的人阴:yin(inChinesethought)thesoft,inactive,femaleprincipleorforceintheworldDink=doubleincomenokids丁克家族文房四宝：thefourtreasuresofthestudy(writingbrush,ink-stick,ink-stoneandpaper)乌纱帽：anofficialpost糖葫芦：Tanghulu,asugar-coatedfruitonthestickwhichisakindofchildrensfavoritefoodinwinter,.,15,.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWord英语词义辨析法,1、JudgingfromtheWordFormationparabiosphericpara-(outside)+bio-(biologic)+spheric(havingtheformofasphere)外生物层的pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosispneumono(oflung)+ultra(beyond)+micro(verysmall)+scopic(ofviewingorobserving)+silico(ofsilicon)+volcano(ofvolcano)+coni(koni,ofdust)+osis(formingthenameofadisease)硅酸盐沉着病，肺尘病,.,16,2、JudgingfromtheReferencesthirdpersonpronouns;indefinitepronouns：some,any,each,both;definitepronouns：much,many,few,little,etc.He(father)sentJohntotheuniversityandwaseagertohavehimdistinguishhimself.他送约翰上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔莽。,.,17,2、JudgingfromtheReferences2)demonstrativepronouns:this,that,these,those;demonstrativeadverbs:here,there,now,then,etc.Healthisabovewealth,forthiscannotgivesomuchhappinessasthat.健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人那么多幸福。,.,18,2、JudgingfromtheReferences3)referencesofcomparisonIhateblueshirts;whiteshirtssuitmebutgrayisthemostpreferable.我讨厌穿蓝衬衫，喜欢穿白衬衫，而最喜欢穿灰衬衫.,.,19,.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWord英语词义辨析法,3、JudgingfromtheContextandCollocationHisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertakeoff.(发生故障)Modemaircraftaresoheavythatthewingsmustdevelopaverylargeliftforceinordertosustaintheaircraft.(产生升力)Inspiredbytheseideas,in1752Franklindevelopedapracticallightningrod.(研制避雷针)Ahypothesisisaspecificstatementdevelopedbyascientistfromobservations.(得出论断)Mostofthemoneycamefromsellingthesecretofanewtypeofpotatohehaddeveloped.(培育新品种)Severalattemptshavebeenmadethroughtheyearstodevelopthedeposit.(开采矿床),.,20,4、JudgingfromDifferentBranchesofLearningandSpecialties“base“:“词根”inlexicology“本金”inbusiness“底涂”inpainting“基线”insurvey“根据地”inmilitaryscienceThelatheshouldbesetonafirmbase.车床应安装在坚实的底座上。(机械)ABisthebaseofthetriangleABC.AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(数学)Heisonthesecondbase.他在二垒。（体育）,.,21,一词多类：一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义。一词多义：同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。,.Diction词义的选择,Dictionmeansproperchoiceofwordsintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.,.,22,选择和确定词义通常从以下几个方面着手：根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义Youraccountofwhathappenedisnotquiteright.Gorightonuntilyoureachthechurch.Itsmyrightofway,sothatlorrymuststoporslowdownuntilIvepassedit.Shetriedherbesttorightherhusbandfromthechargeofrobbery.AtKFC,wedochickenright.,.,23,2.根据上下文以及词在句子中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义Heisthelastmantocome.他是最后来的。Heisthelastmantodoit.他绝对不会干那件事。Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.他最不配干这个工作。Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.怎么也不该怪他。ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。,.,24,softmusicsoftwoodsofthatsoftanswersoftheartsoftfiresoftwordssoftdrinksoftlightsoftgoodssoftcushionsoftbreeze,轻柔的音乐软木呢帽委婉的回答易感动的心文火和蔼的话不含酒精的饮料柔和的灯光毛织品靠垫和风,.,25,lightmusiclightlosslightsteplightheartlightcarlightoutfitlightworklightmannerlightvoice,轻音乐轻微的损失轻快的脚步轻松的心情轻便的轿车轻巧的装备轻松的工作轻浮的举止轻柔的声音,.,26,将词义作抽象化的引伸1、将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。这里把tiger（老虎）和ape（猿）这两个具体形象引伸为这两个形象所代表的属性：“残暴”和“狡猾”。Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.每个人的生活都有甜和苦。这里把roses（玫瑰）和thorns（刺）这两个具体形象引伸为这两个形象所代表的属性：“甜”和“苦”。,.词义的引申,.,27,2、将带有特征性形象的词译为该形象所代表的概念的词InfacttheBavarianenvironmentwassochargedwithNazisentimentthroughoutthe1920sthatHitlersstormtroopsgoose-steppedintopowerinFurtin1930.事实上，在整个二十年代，纳粹党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众的好感，以至于在一九三O年，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特镇的权力。Togoosestep是从名词Goosestep（鹅步；正步）转化来的动词，本作“鹅步走”或“正步走”解，这里goose-steppedinto根据例句上下文引伸为“耀武扬威地夺取”。See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。see-sawing是从see-saw（跷跷板）转化而来的动词，本作“玩跷跷板”解，这里根据上下文引伸为“两种情况不断地交替出现”。,.,28,将词义作具体化的引伸1、英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般可作具体化引伸。AsthePolitburogavethego-aheadtoBrezhnev,NixonandKissingerweremeetinginthePresidentsKremlinapartment,preparedtoacceptasetbackonSALT.在政治局向勃列日涅夫开放绿灯时，尼克松和基辛格正在克里姆林宫的总统下榻处开会，准备承受限制战略武器会谈失败的挫折。VietnamwashisentreetothenewAdministration,histhirdincarnationasforeignpolicyconsultant.越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖。他担任政府的对外政策顾问，那是第三次了。,.,29,Inowhaveanalternativetocomplaining.WhenImboredwithmylife,Itakemypencilsoutinthebackyardanddoodleforanhour,tryingtosketchtreesthatlookliketrees.Y1:我现在有了一种代替抱怨的东西。当我对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到后院去心不在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上去像树的树木速写。Y2:我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔，到后院里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。,.,30,第二讲Amplification增词法,一、教学重点：1.适当增添的必要性2.增词法在英汉互译中的运用二、教学内容：1.增词法在英汉翻译中的运用2.增词法在汉英翻译中的运用,.,31,Amplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.,.,32,wash,Marywashesbeforemeals.Marywashesbeforegoingtobed.Marywashesaftergettingup.Marywashesforaliving.Marywashesinarestaurant.,.,33,.AmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation增词法在英汉翻译中的运用,1、AmplificationbySupplyingOmittedintheOriginalMattercanbechangedintoenergyandenergyintomatter.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。,.,34,2、AmplificationbySupplyingNecessaryConnectivesHeated,waterwillchangeintovapor.水如受热，就会汽化。Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。,.,35,3、AmplificationbySupplyingWordstoConveytheConceptofPluralityNotethatthewords“velocity”andspeed速度和速率这两个词需要解释。Hestretchedhislegswhichwerescatteredwithscars.他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。,.,36,4、AmplificationbySupplyingWordstoMakeAbstractConceptClearOxidationwillmakeironandsteelrusty.氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。Afterallpreparationsweremade,theplanetookoff.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。,.,37,5、AmplificationbyLogicalThinkingAirpressuredecreaseswithaltitude.气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。Iwastaughtthattwosidesofatriangleweregreaterthanthethird.我学过，三角形的两边之和大于第三边。,.,38,6、AmplificationbySupplyingWordsofGeneralizationAccordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。Theprincipalfunctonsthatmaybeperformedbyvacuumtubesarerectification,amplification,oscillation,modulation,anddetection.真空管的五大主要功能是整流、放大、振荡、调制和检波。,.,39,7、AmplificationforPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceThisprinterisindeedcheapandfine.这部打印机真是物美价廉。Yes,IlikeChinesefood.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.Sortofthefashion.不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点儿赶时鬃吧!8、AmplificationbyRepetitionAvoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dustorhumidity.不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。,.,40,Everymanwhorisesabovethecommonlevelhasreceivedtwoeducations:thefirstfromhisteachers;thesecond,morepersonalandimportant,fromhimself.Y1:每个人尖都接受两种教育：一个是拜师学艺；另一个是自学成才。后一个更加个人化，也更加重要。Y2:每一个能够从众人中脱颖而出的人，他所受的教育方式不外乎两种：一种是从师；另外一种是自学。后者尤为重要，也更显个性。Y3:芸芸众生中凡脱颖而出的人往往接受过两种教育：一种来自老师，另一种来自个人。而来自个人的，更直接，也更重要。,.,41,1.AddingNecessaryPronoun(s)大作收到，十分高兴。2.AddingNecessaryArticle(s)我们对问题要做全面的分忻，才能解决得妥当。3.AddingNecessaryConnective(s)虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。4.AddingNecessaryPreposition(s)咱们校门口见吧。5.AddingNecessaryBackgroundWord(s)这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。,Practice,.,42,第三讲Omission省略法,一、教学重点：1.省略法在英汉互译中的运用2.省略的主要方法技巧二、教学内容：1.省略法在英汉翻译中的运用2.省略法在汉英翻译中的运用,.,43,.OmissioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用,1、OmittingthePronounHeputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。Theywenttodinner.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony，butevenwithfriendliness.他们进人餐室用餐。美酒佳看，顿受感染，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满友好之情。,.,44,2、OmittingtheArticleThemoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhetheritisasolid，aliquid,oragas.任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体都由原子组成。3、OmittingthePrepositionSmokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共场所不许吸烟。Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。,.,45,4、OmittingtheConjunctionHelookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedin.早知如此，我就不参加了。5、OmittingtheVerbWhenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.如同液体和气体一样，固体也膨胀和收缩。,.,46,6、OmittingtheImpersonalPronoun“It”Outsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.大雨倾盆。Itwasnotuntilthemiddleofhe19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.直到19世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用。,.,47,我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。每条河都有上游、中游、下游。中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。Wehave7daysinaweek.Isitaheorashe?ThisisBrownspeaking.,Practice,.,48,第四讲Conversion转性,IntranslationfromChineseintoEnglishorfromEnglishintoChinesethepartofspeechofwordsisoftenconversedtomakethetranslationmorecoherentandidiomatic.,.,49,Hisveryappearanceatanyaffairproclaimsitatriumph.AviewofMt.Fujicanbeobtainedfromhere.Hewaswell-favoured,bright,agooddancer,afairshotandafinetennisplayer.Londonersaregreatreaders.,.,50,Sherecognizedtheabsurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.Ihadimpressionthatyourbrotherwasthedirectorofthecompany.Withthesewords,hewentaway.Shewaswiselydeterminedtogiveup.,.,51,AnyQuestions?,.,52,佳译欣赏,1.Theclearheavenoverheadwasemptiedofallitsgold.Duskspreadoverit,abruptlydarkeningtheSevenHills.译文：天宇澄清，余晖尽敛，夜幕降临，罗马七丘顿时昏暗。（翁显良译）,.,53,2.Isitnecessarytoshout?译文：说话就说话，非得叫唤不可吗(吕叔湘译),.,54,3.ThatHomeisHomethoughitisneversoHomely.译文：家虽不佳仍是家。（刘炳善译）,.,55,第五讲Restructuring结构调整,结构调整(Restructuring)是英汉互译中的常用翻译技巧。由于英汉两语句法结构和表达习惯各异，有些句子的词序、语序在英汉互译时，必须加以调整，才能符合目的语的表达习惯。具体包括：词序调整句序调整,.,56,词序调整,固定用法表达习惯定语的位置状语的位置,.,57,固定用法,ironandsteelplantexportandimporttrackandfieldpopularmodernsongslookrightandleftlifeanddeathlandandwaterfireandwaterhotandcoldheavyandlightoldandnew,钢铁厂进出口田径现代流行歌曲左顾右盼死活水陆水火冷热轻重新旧,.,58,定语的位置,单词作定语短语作定语,.,59,单词作定语,aresearch-orientateduniversityJapanproperthebankerslittlegardentheancientChinesecraftsmanshipalittle,yellow,ragged,lamebeggar,一所以科研为重点的（研究型）大学日本本土银行老板的小花园中国古代工艺一个乞丐，身材矮小、面黄肌瘦、衣衫褴褛、脚步蹒跚,.,60,短语作定语,AbuildingprojectofapartmenthousesAcandidatewithlittlechanceofsuccess,一个公寓大楼的建筑项目一个当选希望渺茫的候选人,.,61,状语的位置,单词作状语-地，得修饰形容词修饰动词短语作状语,.,62,修饰形容词,Johndidnotdistinguishhimselfasastudent,buthewasveryactiveinclass.约翰当年并不是个出色的学生，但他在班上很活跃。,.,63,修饰动词,Modernscienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.现代科学技术正在飞速发展。,.,64,短语作状语,Truthistough.Itwillnotbreak,likeabubble,atatouch;nay,youmaykickitaboutalldaylikeafootball,anditwillberoundandfullatevening.真理是坚韧的，不会像气泡那样一触即破；不仅如此，它还可以像足球一样，整天任人踢来踢去，到晚上却照样圆鼓鼓的。他1963年10月10日上午10点出生在东北的黑龙江省佳木斯市。HewasborninJiamusi,HeilongjiangProvinceinnortheastChinaat10A.M.onthe10thofOctober,1963.,.,65,句序调整,时间顺序、逻辑顺序顺序法逆序法时序法拆分法合并法,.,66,Forexample,theydonotcompensateforsocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大的才干。,.,67,Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。,.,68,Natureseldomprovidesmewiththeword,theturnofphrase,thatisappropriatewithoutbeingfar-fetchedorcommonplace.要做到用词、措辞恰到好处，既不牵强附会、又不落俗套，我天生少有这种本事。,.,69,Shewastheproductofthefancy,thefeeling,theinnateaffectionoftheuntutoredbutpoeticmindofhermothercombinedwiththegravityandpoisewhichwerecharacteristicofherfather.Y1:原来她的母亲虽然没有受过教育，却有一种诗意的心境，具有幻想，感情，和天生的仁厚，她的父亲呢，又具有一种沉着和稳重的性格。两者的结合，便造就了她这样一个人。Y2:她的母亲从未受过教育，但却有着诗人般的智力：好幻想，易动情，天生富有爱心，而她父亲的特点是冷峻、沉着。她就是这样两种性情的人相结合的产物。,.,70,顺序法（按原句语序翻译）,Itwasstrangethatadayofwarwasadaywestoodstill.Wecouldntmovethatmusthavebeenthewholeideasowehadnochoicebuttowatch.奇怪的是战争的当天我们却原地按兵不动。我们不能动弹这就是这次战争的整个含意除了监视敌人，我们别无他法。为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。Inordertosurvive,tofeed,clotheandshelterhimselfandhischildren,manisengagedinaconstantstrugglewithnature.,.,71,逆序法（颠倒原句首尾翻译）,Hewasdumb-foundedatherinsistencethatheexplainwhereeverycentofhisallowancehadgone.她非要他讲清楚他津贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，这弄得他哑口无言。该理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为的关系甚微。Thatourenvironmenthasverylittletodowithourabilities,characterandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.,.,72,时序法(按事件先后顺序翻译),WehadbeendismayedathomewhilereadingofthenaturaldisastersthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChinain1959.我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭受自然灾害。我们在国内看到这些消息时，心情颇为沉重。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.我原打算在今年一月访问中国，可后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。,.,73,拆分法,单词副词形容词名词短语分词短语名词短语介词短语从句,.,74,拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分，比如词、词组、插入成分或者从句，从句子的主干中拆分出来处理，或变成短句，或变成独立句等。这些成分可改变位置，但是要利于译文句子的总体安排，使译文自然、通顺。,.,75,Adverbs(副词),Thechildseemedjustifiablyproudofhisachievements.那孩子似乎为他所取得的成绩而自豪，这是合乎情理的。Incidentally,IhopetogetbettermedicaltreatmenttherethanIcanpossiblygethereintheUnitedStates.顺便提一下，我希望在那儿能得到比美国更好的治疗。,.,76,Theseniorleadersdeparturecouldcuriouslyhelpthetwopartiessinkanago-longfeud.Y1:说也奇怪，老一代领导人的离去竟然使这两个政党陷入了长期的政党之间的不和。Y2:老一代领导人的离去竟然使这两个政党陷入了长期的不和，这确实让人百思不得其解。,.,77,Adjectives(形容词),Heisanidentifiabletrouble.他是个麻烦，大家都看得出来。Hehadlongbeenheldincordialcontemptbyhispeers;nowthatcontemptwasnolongercordial.长期以来，同事们虽然看不起他，却还对他有些亲切感；现在，连亲切感也没有了。,.,78,Nouns(名词),Themovieofmeleavingthemwouldlooklikeashellleavingarifle.我逃离他们的速度之快，要是拍成电影，看起来准象出膛的子弹。Heshookhisheadandhiseyeswerewide,thennarrowedinindignation.他摇了摇头，两眼瞪得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。,.,79,ParticiplePhrases(分词短语),Hedismissesmysuggestion,regardingitassheernonsense.他根本没理会我的建议，将其视为一派胡言。Ifeelathomeamongmystudents,movingconfidentlywithoutfear.我和学生在一起时，心里踏实，无忧无虑。,.,80,NounPhrases(名词短语),Eventually,moreasalasthopethanwithanyrealconfidenceinaresult,asub-committeewasformedtotrytoreconciledifferencesbetweenthem.*最后，对其结果并无真正信心，只是抱有最后一点希望，成立了一个小组委员会，试图调解他们之间的分歧。调整:最后成立了一个小组委员会试图调解他们之间的分歧。这只是最后一点希望，对其结果如何并非真有信心。,.,81,PrepositionalPhrases介词短语,Italkedtohimwithbrutalfrankness.我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。Theirpowerincreasedwiththeirnumber.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。Hetookahouseonaleaseoftenyears.他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。HearrivedinBeijingataripemomentinternationally.他来到北京，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。,.,82,Clauses(从句),Hevisitedmanyplaces,inallofwhichhewasreceivedwiththeusualenthusiasmwhichattendedhisarduouslabors.*他访问了许多地方，到处受到对他的艰苦努力所一贯表示的热情欢迎。调整:他访