同位语从句PPT课件

Appositiveclauses同位语从句,1,.,由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。e.g.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。(ournewteacher是Mr.Smith的同位语,指同一人。)如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点、破折号或冒号隔开。e.g.HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。Theorphansdailynecessitiesclothes,food,etc.aresuppliedbyakind-heartedteacher.Nounscanbedividedintotwokinds:thecountablenounandtheuncountablenoun.,同位语的构成1.名词(短语)或all,each,both等代词(有时有逗号隔开)e.g.Mr.Johnsoncaresforusstudentsverymuch.WestudentsallrespecthimMr.Johnson,ourEnglishteacher.Theyarebothinfavoroftheplan.(紧接在助动词、系动词等)2.动名词短语(有逗号隔开)e.g.Heenjoystheexercise,swimminginwinter.3.不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)e.g.Thequestionwhattodonexthasntbeenconsidered4.形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)e.g.Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.Allthecountries,bigorsmall,areequal.5.名词性从句先行词有fact,news,truth,knowledge,idea,hope,question,problem,assumption等。e.g.Youhaveyettoanswermyquestionwhetheryoucanlendmeyourbike.,2,.,同位语从句,Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.(U4,B6)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearthstemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.(U4,B6)Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Theysupporttheideathatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.(U2,B8)Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.(U3,B8)So,whenhewonthirdplace,hecametotheunderstandingthathisbodywasjustaninstrumentofthespiritandthatheseemedtobeabletousehisspirittoaccomplishanything.(U1,B9)EuropeanbotanistswereveryexcitedwiththeknowledgethatChinahadavastvarietyofplants.(U4,B9),下列名词表示一种事实，因此后接同位语从句时用that引导:ability,answer,anxiety,assumption(设想),belief,conclusion,decision,dream,evidence,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,impression,message,news,nodoubt,opinion,order,possibility,promise,proposal,remark,rumor(谣言),reply,report,request,resolution(决议),saying,story(传说),suggestion,thought,truth,warning,wish,word(消息)等。,事实、观点类,3,.,Ivecometotheconclusion_itwasunwisetodothat.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。Thegeneralgavetheorder_thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。HereferredtoCopernicusstatement_theearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。,Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistax_(abolish).他们面对废除这个税的要求。Theyexpressedthewishthatshe_theaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。TherewasasuggestionthatBrown_droppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule_camefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。Theresolutionthatwomen_tojointhesocietywascarried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。Icanunderstandtheireagernessthatyou_themainspeaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。,that,that,that,beabolished,accept,(should)be,beadopted,beallowed,shouldbe,先行词表示“命令、建议、要求、愿望”(advice,command,demand,desire,eagerness,order,request,requirement,resolution(决议),suggestion,wish)等时，后面的同位语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+原形”虚拟式。,Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.传说他打老婆。Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。,主句主语后接同位语从句且主句谓语部分简短时，同位语从句置于主句谓语后而与先行词(主语)分离。,4,.,Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatshehadbeenbornwasannounced1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dollysdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasntbeenprovedyet.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,P.14,5,.,1.Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.02上海2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneedtobeimproved.02上海春3.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.04上海春4.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.05浙江5.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymothersbirthday.(06安徽)6.Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_wegotlostonarainynight.(06四川),that,that,that,that,that,that,6,.,7.Isthereanypossibility_youcouldpickmeupattheairport?Noproblem.(09浙江)8.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists_theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.(09江西)9.Newscamefromtheschooloffice_WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(09四川)10.Isthereanypossibility_youcouldpickmeupattheairport?Noproblem.(09浙江)11.Weshouldconsiderthestudentsrequest_theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(09重庆)12.Thenews_thehosingpricewillfalldownhascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.(10湖北),that,that,that,that,that,that,7,.,13.Imadeapromisetomyself_thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.(2011浙江)14.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_themeetingwouldbepostponed.(2011江苏)15.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence_smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.(2011天津)16.Whenthenewscame_thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.(2011辽宁)17.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy_childrensearlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.(2012重庆)18.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.(2013浙江),that,that,that,that,that,that,8,.,Ihavenoideawhetherhellcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。,Welldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。Thereissomedoubtwhatwillturnout.结果怎样还不一定。Thequestionwhoisrightdependsontheresult.谁对要看结果。Icantansweryourquestionwhowillbeelectedaspresident.我无法回答你谁会当选为总统这个问题。,下列名词表示一种疑问，因此后接同位语从句时用whether或疑问代词、疑问副词引导:haveany/noidea,question,doubt,problem等。,疑问类,9,.,Igavethegirlabigdoll,exactlywhatshelongedtohave.,具体对象类,10,.,同位语从句和定语从句辨析(都接在名词后),11,.,同位语从句和定语从句判定,HerepeatedhisrequestWhatistherequest,同位语从句,定语从句,thatwepostponethemeeting.thathemadeatthemeeting?,HerepeatedHisrequestWhatisTherequest,thatwepostponethemeeting.thathemadeatthemeeting.,isis,IcantanswerhisquestionIansweredthequestion,同位语从句,定语从句,whenthemeetingistobeheld?thathehadasked.,whenthemeetingi