英语构词法ppt

基础语法复习,构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:合成、转化、派生,一、合成,由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词名词+名词cowboynewspaper名词+inghandwritingsunbathinging+名词waiting-roomsleeping-pill形容词+名词blackboardshorthand,2.合成动词:副词+动词overthrowuphold形容词+动词blacklistwhitewash名词+动词sleepwalksunburn3.合成形容词:名词+形容词snow-whitelifelong名词+过去分词man-madehandmade数词+名词one-waysecond-hand.,一、合成,二、转化:,动词名词:taste(v.)taste(n.)Ittastesgood.Ithasagoodtaste.(2)名词动词:hand(n.)hand(v.)Letsgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.(3)形容词动词:clean(adj.)clean(v.)Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.,由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.,三、派生：,1.表示否定意义的前缀,dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsenseun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的),由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。,2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,1)a-表示“在之上”，“向”aboard,aside,2)by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路)3)inter-,intel-,表示“在间，相互”international,interaction,internetmid-,表示“中，中间”midnight,mid-autumn,5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead,overboard7)extra-,表示“额外”extraction（提取）8)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground9)in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”inland,invade,inside,import,2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,under-,表示“在.下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater11)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡),1re-“又,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry2.co“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker3.super“在上；加之”superman,supermarket,3.表示其他意义的前缀:,Practice(I):,从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.,booklookersnewfarfirsttroubletenbabyoverempty,reachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfree,Practice(II):,rain(形容词)_agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_farm(人)_recent(副词)_friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_back(形容词)_visit(名词)_home(形容词)_eight(序数词)_true(名词)_America(形容词)_China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,Practice(III):,Fillintheblankswithproperwords.,Withthe(1)_(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)_moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_thefollowingreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)_poisonousgases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Another(6)_(fact)isthesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoes(7)_totheirhealth(8)_alsotoothers.Besidesthese,about10%ofair(9)_iscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight(10)_pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtoreplacegas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizest