初中英语名词性从句详解ppt课件VIP

.,1,名词性从句,.,2,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,.,3,为什么叫名词性从句？_,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom,2.为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周.(名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,.,4,主语从句,thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow,从句引导词:,1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.,4.Whetherheiscomingdoesntmattermuch.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.,主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It,主语太长了!放到句尾,That无词义,不可省略,What“什么”,“所.的”,2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.,When“什么时候”,主语从句不用if,位于句首,.,5,It作主语的常用句型有:,1.It+be+形容词+that从句,2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that从句,3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that从句,4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that从句,Itisapitythatwecantgoswimming.,Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.,注意:Itlookedthathewasright.()可以说:Itlooksasif.,happen只有it句型,Itissaid只有it句型,More,.,6,用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构,Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等),Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews)that事实是(好事是,好消息是),Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears)that结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是),Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出),.,7,用it句型翻译:,据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知,比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.,Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.,Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.,Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.,Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.,Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略,翻译:真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.,strange不省略should为好,.,8,表语从句,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.,2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.,3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if,4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthat,More,系动词后面,.,9,注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法,ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.,Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.,ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.,Thisis总是现在时Thatis表示性质Thatwas指过去动作,固定句型:ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,.,10,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,宾语从句,.,11,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,.,12,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用区别,.,13,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,.,14,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?,doubt问题,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,.,15,同位语从句,被修饰词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词,Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhetherhecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametomethathemightbeinthelibrary.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别的词隔开,that无词义,.,16,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,17,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,18,一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,.,19,2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,.,20,二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,.,21,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,.,22,考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别考例:_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what分析:(注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,.,23,考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语考例1:_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.考例2:Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,.,24,考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。,.,25,考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别考例1:_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定.whether与if当是否讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟ornot时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.,.,26,考例3:Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether,if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当是否讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。,.,27,考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A.however和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;而C.whichever表示无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选.,.,28,考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A.anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.,.,29,考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考例:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用的句型有:I.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.II.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that.III.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.,.,30,(2)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.(3)主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.,.,31,(4)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如:Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.,.,32,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,.,33,II.Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which,.,34,典型错误及归纳,.,35,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.,Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?,Idontknowwherehehasgone.,Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.,规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,.,36,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！,问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？,.,37,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.,Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.,Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.,HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.,规律三：4种情况只能用whether：（1）位于句子开头；（2）前面有介词；（3）引导表语从句；（4）与ornot连用。,.,38,名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_comewithme.A.ifshewillB.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether3.Canyoutellme_?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidntknowwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein5.Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.whatB.howC.itsD.that,.,39,7.Canyoutellme_therailwaystation?A.howIcangettoB.whatcanIgettoC.whereIcangottoD.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_?A.whatishisnameB.howishisnameC.whathisnameisD.howhisnameis9._youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,.,40,13.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput14