新概念英语第三册第五课讲义

Hello everybody, today we will come to lesson 5, The Facts, a humorous story about an editor and a journalist. 大家好，今天我们要讲的是第五课，确切数字，一个关于一位编辑和记者的幽默故事。 Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字lets first go through new words and expressions.先看看单词和语法。请大家跟我念：【New words and expressions】 生词和短语editor n. 编辑extreme n. 极端statistics n. 统计数字journalist n. 新闻记者president n. 总统palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅publish v. 出版fax n. 传真impatient adj. 不耐烦的fire v. 解雇originally adv. 起初，原先，从前这里我们要重点讲几个单词和词组。editor n. 编辑edit vt. 编辑edition n.编辑，版本editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论invent vt. 发明inventor n. 发明家visit vt. 拜访visitor n. 拜访者 extreme n. 极端 adj. 极端的 extremely adv.极端地go to extreme(s) to do 走极端Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.他很极端地说这部剧是最好的。go too far做得过火，走极端，走太远Dont go too far or you will get lost. 别走太远，你会迷路的。You went too far! 你做得太过分了。go so far as to 竟然到的地步，甚至She wouldnt go so far as to refuse to attend school.journalist n. 新闻记者journalist 新闻工作者，以新闻工作为职业的人A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. 他们的主要职责是收集并发布新闻及其它信息。根据不同情境，新闻工作者可以包含各种类型的工作人员，如编辑、作家、专栏作家等。reporter 新闻故事的作者、调查者或主持人，泛称记者A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media (newspapers and magazines), electronic media (television, radio, documentary film), and digital media (such as online journalism).通讯员是记者的一类，负责印刷、电子及数字媒体等大众媒体信息的调查、编写并报道。correspondent 记者，通讯员，被报社或广播媒介雇佣用来提供新闻故事或文章的人，一般是驻外的。全球最大的通讯员网络是德国的ard和英国的bbc。而且correspondent相对于reporter的写实来说更具有主观性，比如在英国，correspondent一般指在某方面有专业经验的，如最常见的war correspondent，战事通讯员，reporter则没有专向性的，一般是给什么题材报什么题材。publish v. 出版Eg: They have already published the magazine.= print vt.Eg: the book has already been published.The book has gone to press.fax n. 传真send a faximpatient adj. 不耐烦的patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人be patient withThe doctor is very patient with his patients.这位医生对他的病人十分耐心。patiently adv. 有耐心地impatient adj. 不耐烦的impatiently adv. 不耐烦地patience n.impatience n.fire v. 解雇He was fired from his job. 他被解雇了。dismiss (正式)The manager disissed him from his company.他经理把他辞退了。sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退 Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked. 如果你再做错你就走人。originally adv. 起初，原先，从前original adj. ok, now we finished the words and expressions, then we can come to the passage. However, I wouldnt suggest u guys to read the passage first, instead, I suggest you read the questions first. 单词讲完了，现在我们来听听文章。虽然大学平时在学习过程中多数的习惯是先看或听文章再做题，但在实际的考试过程中，为了节省答题时间以及加快阅读或听力时对文章的理解，我建议先看题再看文章。现在让我们先看看题。下面这十二道题主要考的是对文章的理解、结构和单词。首先看理解部分。【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 Comprehension1 The editor acted as he did because .a. he wanted an excuse to fire the journalistb. he had not read the article beyond the first sentencec. he was dissatisfied with the factual content of the articled. he wanted to please the president of the new African republic首先看问题，编辑这么做是因为这里其实有两个问题需要大家从之后的文章中找出，编辑做了什么以及为什么这么做。接着看答案A 他想找借口开除那个记者。B 他只读了文章的第一句C 他对文章中的具体内容不满意D 他想取悦非洲某个新成立共和国的总统而从答案中我们大致可以判断这篇文章中出现的人物可能有the editor，the journalist and the president of new African republic。1. C2 The journalist took a long time to send the details required because .a. it took him a long time to count all the stepsb. he had not been allowed to fax the information he had obtainedc. he did not realize how soon the magazine would go to pressd. he had been arrested before he had had time to obtain the facts这道题也一样，只不过这里的人物只有一个，就是记者记者花了很长时间发送所需要的信息，那为什么花了这么长时间呢？A 因为他花了很长的时间去计算所有的台阶。B 他不被允许将获得的信息传真出去。C 他没有意识到杂志这么快就要印刷出版了D 在他获取数据前他就被捕了。2. B3 Why had the journalist been arrested?a. Because his activities must have appeared suspicious.b. For having gone to extremes to provide unimortant facts.c. For climbing the palace wall in order to measure its height.d. Because the article was published in its original form.第三题，记者为什么会被捕呢？A 肯定是因为他的行为太可疑了。B 因为他为了提供不重要的数据而走极端了。C 为了测量高度而爬了总统府的墙。D 因为这篇文章是按最初的版本发表的。3. A接下来的两部分是语法结构和单词。这两部分其实跟文章的整体内容理解没有多大关系，因此我们可以在读完文章后再来直接答题。那么我们现在就先来读读文章。Structure4 the first sentence, the editor refused to publish the article. (ll.5-6)a. Reading b. Having read c. He read d. Being read怎么样第一句话，编辑拒绝出版这篇文章。这里其实是一句主从句，而空格显然需要的是非谓语动词，因为这句话的主语和谓语都是完整的，在后半句里，因为c选项是可以排除的。而一般式的分词短语常用来表示该分词动作与主句动词动作同时或几乎同时发生。而当分词的动作与主句动作有明显的先后顺序时我们就要用现在分词的完成时。而看这句话的意思，编辑应该是看过第一句话之后才拒绝出版的，因此是有明显的先后顺序的。所以正确答案是b。4 B5 The magazine to press. (l.10)a. was b. had gone c. was about to go d. was due这个杂志马上就要去印刷了。这里只有c选择是表示即将要的意思，是瞬间将来时的表达，表示马上就要去做了；而a是be to do something，但在这里是不完整的，完整的应该是was to go to press。B说had gone是明显的时态错误; d表示按计划或到时间应该做什么事，与文章的意思不符合。所以正确的是c。6 He sent the journalist two faxes, but did not receive . (ll.10-11)a. the replies b. the reply c. no reply d. a reply表示“任意”原文是“he sent the journalist two faxes but received no reply.” 意思是他又给记者发了另外两封传真，但没收到任何回复。No reply 其实是not any reply。这里只有d是对的，表示泛指。则a和b都为特指，c则是否定形式，是错误的，因为正确的是d。6 D7 he informed the journalist he would be fired unless he . (ll.11-12)a. was replied b. relied c. would reply d. did not replyunless = if not一般过去时7 B第七题，原文的意思是他通知记者必须尽快回复不然就开除他。这里a用被动语态明显是错误的，而d的意思不对，那么就剩下b和c了。但这里的unlessif not，需要的是一般过去时，所以正确答案是b。8 He informed while carrying out his instructions. (ll.15-16)a. his arrest to the editor b. the editor his arrestc. the editor of his arrest d. the editor that his arrest had beeninform sb. of /about sth. 通知某人做某事8 C这里原文的意思是他告诉编辑他在执行编辑的指示时被捕了。而这里考的词组是inform sb. Of/about sth.通知某人某事接下去是单词部分Vocabulary9 Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their with unimportant facts and statistics. (ll.1-2)a. audience b. lectures c. public d. common9 C报刊和杂志的编辑们常常为了向读者提供一些无关紧要的事实和统计数字而走极端。这里原文是读者,readers，那么我们就要在下面四个单词中找到最意思最接近最贴切的。A表示听众观众，b为讲座，c为大众公众及读者，d是形容词，表示公众的，普通的，因此，意思最贴切的是c。10 The magazine would soon go to press. It would soon be .(l.10)a. pressing b. printed c. typed d. impressed10 B杂志很快就要印刷了。杂志很快就要出版了。而print在这里等于publish。print =publish11 The poor man had been arrested. He was very .(l.14)a. poor b. stupid c. innocent d. unfortunateinnocent 无辜的11. D那个可怜的男人被捕了。他真怎么样。A可怜，第一句里已经有可怜了，不需要再重复，b愚蠢的，c无辜的，d不幸。记者为了得到确切的数据而做出爬墙的举动并不能称之为愚蠢，无辜也就更谈不上了，毕竟在那些守卫看来也确实可疑，因此只能说是倒霉不幸了。12 He had at last been to send a fax. (ll.14-15)a. admitted b. let c. left d. given permission请求允许做某事：ask for permission to do sth允许某人做某事：be given permission to d sth12. D意思是他最后怎么样发了一份传真。原文是be allowed to do something，意思是被允许发了份传真，这里最接近的就是d，获得允许做某事，a虽然也可以表示被允许，但它在表示这个意思的时候一般的搭配是be admitted of/to/into sth.，c是留下的含义。【Text】 Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字Q: What was the consequence of the editors insistence on facts and statistics?Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the presidents palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the presidents palace. The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. 报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些无关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后，编辑看了第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的：“几百级台阶通向环绕总统府的高墙。”编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。这里有几个词组需要着重学习go to extremes 走极端我们在单词学习中有讲解。provide = supply 给，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）provide sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.He provided them with a bed for the night.He provided a bed for them for the night.instruct sb. to do sth =tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the presidents palace in a new African republic.主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the presidents palace in a new African republic. The teacher instructed him to take the examination.on =about 侧重强调课题专一，表示关于。内容When the article arrived = When the editor received the articlerefuse to publish itrefuse: vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）decline: vt. 婉言谢绝例句，she declined their invitation.她婉言谢绝了他们的邀请。which 是定语从句中的关系代词，这里指代the high wall第二段The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the presidents palace.记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来。在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。一周之后，编辑终于接到了记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的 1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。set out to do sth.=decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doingEga: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间It took me five days to write the article.Go to pressprintYet在与another/once等词连用时表示再，如yet once more/again再一次fail to do sth.失败，做不到reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地as it had originally been written = in its original way按照最初的版本这里是本课的语法重点。倒装句-inverted sentences英语基本的句型是主语谓语，如果将二者顺序对调就成了倒装。倒装分为全倒装和半倒装，这里我们先着重讲解半倒装。（一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: 在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。2、方位状语在句首, 如:In front of the house stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装 What does it mean? asked the boy或the boy asked.：）二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:1,否定副词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldomNever shall I forget you. 我从不该原谅你的。Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我不知道他那时候跟我说了什么。2、 几对并列连词如not onlybut also, hardly when，no soonerthan等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:又如本文中的例句Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.注意: not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.neithernor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only在句首强调状语时, 主句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.那时候我才意识到自己错了。Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.直到1918年战争结束他才得以回归工作。注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.4、sothat句型, so/such在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.他工作认直所以最终获得了好名声。5.省略了if的虚拟条件句Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.如果早点通知我我就能做些什么了。原句是if I had been informed earlierHe had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted请求允许，被允许： be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth.in which -which指代faxwhile和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”， while he was countingleading to 现在分词，通向the steps leading to the presidents palace通向总统府的台阶the road leading to the forest通向森林的道路fifteen-foot -做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式which指代wall 现在我们回到选择题的解答与讲解。跳回选择题下面是扩展练习。倒装的用法Exercise Write these sentences again beginning each one with the words in italics.1 He has not only made this mistake before but he will make it again.2 I realized what was happening only then.3 I will never trust him again.4 You seldom find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.key:1 Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again.2 Only then did I realize what was happening.3 Never will I trust him again.4 Seldom do You find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.warden 5wC:dnn.看护人，守护人Summary writing摘要写作 In not more than 80 words describe what happened from the time the journalist set out to get the facts. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph. Answer these questions in note form to get your points: 1 Did the journalist immediately set out to get the facts after receiving instructions from his editor or not? 2 Did he send them at once or not? 3 Was the editor getting impatient or not? 4 How many faxes did the editor send? 5 What did the editor threaten to do? 6 Was the last fax answered or not? 7 Was the article omitted from the magazine, or was it printed in its original form? 8 When did the journalist send a fax? 9 Why had he been imprisoned? Composition作文 Describe how the journalist was arrested and what happened afterwards. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words. The journalist counted the number of steps as he On arriving outside the main gate, he He then