英语构词法 复合词

.,1,definition,compound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.,.,2,classification,CompoundNounsCompoundadjectivesCompoundVerbs,.,3,CompoundNouns,Acompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.,.,4,threeformsforcompoundnouns,1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedroom）,.,5,A.noun+noun：honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+roomkingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fallboyhood：boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jacker,.,6,football:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire-fly（萤火虫）:fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friendpoliceman:police+man,.,7,B.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路)：clear+wayeasy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+father,.,8,blackboard:black+boardsoftware:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+manshorthand(速记）:short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+land,.,9,C.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwaterdrivewaychatroomjumpsuit(跳伞服）workexperienceswearwordplayboypickpocket,.,10,Dverb(-ing)+noun：washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdivingboard跳板drivinglicense驾驶执照landingcard登陆卡,.,11,E.Noun+verb/（-ing）sunrisehaircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving开运货汽车coalminingweightliftingbirdwatchinghandwritingbookkeeping,.,12,F.adverb+nounonlookerbystander(旁观者）under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoat,.,13,G.adverb+verbOver(结束）throwinputoutputoutletupset(翻倒，混乱）upturnUpstartonflow(湍流）outbreakoutcome,.,14,Verb+preposition:check-out/intake-offget-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrasemother/father-in-law,.,15,PronunciationCompoundnounstendtohavemorestressonthefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.agreenhouse=placewherewegrowplants(compoundnoun)agreenhouse=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)abluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)abluebird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnoun,.,16,Pluralformsofcompoundnouns,Ingeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothebaseword(themostsignificantword).Lookattheseexamples:,.,17,Becareful!,deadpresidentbusybodymaddoctor=ThePsychiatristconfidencemandressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalkwhitemanGreekgift,.,18,Compoundnounquiz,Usingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughtermyson-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonthstwothree-monthperiods,.,19,Compoundadjectives,1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheycomeafter(Theactoriswellknown).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidlychanging)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.(Four-footisanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolinkfourandfoottoshowthatitisoneadjective.)2.Itisa6-pagedocument.3.Claireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.,.,20,Thewarm-heartedmanboughtaready-madetoy(热心的人儿买个现成的玩具)；Thehard-workingmanproducedahand-madetoy(勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具)；Thegood-lookingmanlovestoeatfat-freefood(相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品)；Thepeace-lovingmanlovestobewell-behaved(热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼)；Theone-eyedmanwasbornababy-facedone(独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸)；Thelow-costjourneymustbeaseven-dayone(低成本的旅游当数七日游).,doggerel,.,21,1.adj+noun+-ed,warm-heartedkind-heartedbad-temperedsweet-temperedfresh-facedmiddle-agedwhite-hairedshort-sightedwarm-bloodedcold-bloodedlight-heartedlight-headed头晕light-fingeredopen-mindedslow-footedcross-eyedgood-naturedsharp-eyediron-willedred-lipped,.,22,2.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:,far-fetched(牵强附会的）ready-madedeep-setnew-bornbadly-woundedhighly-developedwell-informed消息灵通的poorly-litwell-knownquickly-curedbetter-trainedpoorly-dressedwell-cuthard-wonnewly-madewell-behavedwell-spreadnewlymarried,.,23,3.adverb+verb(-ing):,everlastinghard-workingslow-thinkingfast-thinkingfast-movingslow-moving,.,24,4.noun+pastparticiple：,man-madehome-madehand-madegrass-coveredwater-coveredsnow-coveredtravel-worn(旅行得疲乏的）air-filledpoverty-strickensun-burntheart-felt(衷心的）self-taughtair-borne(忍受；负荷)hen-pecked(啄食；扔石头；吹毛求疵）,.,25,good-lookingfast-developingordinary-lookingfree-standingfunny-lookingsoft-feelingtired-lookingfar-reachingeasy-goingfamiliar-soundingbad-smelling,5.adj+verb(-ing):,.,26,6.noun+adj,snow-whitecolor-blindday-longlife-longWaterproof(不能透入的)nation-wideduty-freefire-resistant反抗的；顽固的world-famoustax-freecar-sicktight-lipped嘴紧的airtightice-coldworld-wide,.,27,7.noun+verb(-ing):,peace-lovingfreedom-lovingtime-savingself-generating.产生的；生成的summer-floweringkite-flyingocean-goingmouth-wateringEnglish-speakingfun-lovingearth-shakinglong-sufferingtime-consuming,.,28,8.number+noun+-ed:,afour-storeyedbuildingathree-leggedtableafour-footedladderatree-linedavenueaone-eyedmantwo-sidedtwo-faced,.,29,chicken-heartedhoney-mouthed,9.noun+noun+-ed:,.,30,10.adj+noun:,full-timefast-foodlong-distancefull-lengthwhite/blue-collarred-letter(喜庆的）high-levelshorter-termlarge-scaledeep-seamid-termpart-timespecial-gradehigh-minded,.,31,11.number+noun:,Afour-starhotelasix-poundchickenaseven-dayjourneyafour-hourmeetingasecond-handbookaone-roomhouseaone-childfamilyathree-goodstudentatwo-persontent,.,32,12.verb+noun:,break-necktelltate(搬弄是非的）cut-rate(减价的，次等的）,.,33,13.adj+adj,wet-coldicy-coldred-hotbitter-sweetlight/dark-bluedeaf-mutepaleyellow,.,34,14.verb(-ing)+adj:,steaming-hotsmoking-hot(滚烫的）biting-coldfreezing-coldsoaking-wetwringing-wet,.,35,15.Adverb+adj:,ever-victoriousover-cautiousall-round,.,36,16.noun+noun:,X-ray（X光的）English-language（英国语言的）,.,37,17.prepositionalphrase,at-riskin-your-face(明目张胆的）,.,38,18.Sentencecompoundadjectives,devil-may-caredog-eat-dogrun-of-the-mill(平常的）dot-and-dash(莫斯科电码的）,.,39,practice,1.Thisisadresswhichwasmadebyhand.Thisisa_hand-made_dress.2.Itisawalkwhichtakesjust7minutes.Itisjusta_seven-minute_walk.3.Ilikethehousewhichwaspaintedbrown.Ilikethe_brown-painted_house.4.Canyouseethestarwhichisshiningbrightly?Canyouseethe_brightly-shining_star.5.Thisisacakewhichismadecarefully.Thisisa_carefully-made_cake.,.,40,CompoundVerbs,Inlinguistics,acompoundverbisamulti-wordcompoundthatactsasasingleverb.Onecomponentofthecompoundisalightverb,whichcarriesanyinflections,indicatingtense,mood,oraspect,butprovidesonlyfineshadesofmeaning.Theother,primary“componentisaverbornounwhichcarriesmostofthesemanticsofthecompound,anddeterminesitsarguments.,.,41,Dontunderestimateherpotential.Int