英文字母及字母组合发音规律

.,1,常见的字母与字母组合发音规则,.,2,元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则,元音字母的发音,.,3,（一）元音字母a,1.重读开音节eilate;make;lake;face2.重读闭音节bag;fat;cat;（*例外：any一些e;many许多e）3.非重读音节或i即：ChinaCanadaivillage;orange*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的village.,.,4,4.在字母w或wh后面，发:what;want;(例外：water水:)5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp组合里,重读时均发a:即：dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass）fast;past;last;father;path;bath;(*例外：maths)graphaftergrasp,.,5,(二)元音字母e,1.重读开音节i:me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节ehen;get;tell;red3.非重读音节iticket;basket;pocket;before;below;hundredstudentopen,.,6,（三）元音字母i,1.重读开音节aihi;China;time;2.重读闭音节isit;hit;ill;little;3.非重读音节iunit;holidaybeautiful,.,7,(四)元音字母o,1.重读开音节uno;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom)love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.两个单词：womanwu-mn女人（单数）;womenwi-min女人（复数）,.,8,（五）元音字母u,1.重读开音节ju:pupil;student;use;cube*在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读u:音，例如：Junebluerulersuper2.重读闭音节或uus;bus;mum;sunuput;full;pull3.非重读音节autumn;August;support,.,9,半元音字母y的发音,字母y一般有三种发音:*放在词首的发/j/:yes;yellow*在单音节词中（重读开音节）发/ai/:my;try*在大多数双音节词中（非重读音节）发/i/:study,.,10,元音字母组合的拼读规则,.,11,（一）元音字母a的字母组合,1.ai或ay在重读音节中eirain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重读音里i或eiSunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday,.,12,3.al+绝大多数辅音字母:small;wall;call;或:lalso;always*al后面是k时，只发:talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m时，al发a:half;calm*-al在词尾非重读（）lmedal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后l),.,13,4.-ance在重读时a:nschance;dance;France*在非重读时nsimportance；performance；ambulance5.-ant非重读ntassistant;important；peasant,.,14,6.-ange一般eindchange;danger;strange;(*但orangeind例外)7.-age一般idvillage;carriage;marriage,.,15,8.-ask一般重读时a:skask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重读时a:sclass;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass例外),.,16,10.-ast一般重读时a:stlast;past;fast;cast*-aste一般eistwaste;paste;taste11.-ath一般a:bath;path;(但maths例外)*或a:father;rather;(gather例外),.,17,12.-au一般:cause;autumn;August;(*但because)*-augh(t):(t)taught;daughter(*例外：laughla:f)13.-aw:draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a发was;wash;want;what;(*但water:,.,18,15.-ar重读音时a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音w后面时:war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重读音时beggar;dollar;solar,.,19,16.-are一般hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般eiblable;cable;table;stable,.,20,(二)元音字母e的组合,1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：*大多数发/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的发/e/:head,bread;read(过去式);breakfast,peasant*还有的发/ei/:great;break(小学英语中只有这两个单词)*-eai:real;really,.,21,2.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一个例外：coffeei3.-eerideer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer,.,22,4.-er重读音节:her;term;service;Germany*非重读worker;paper;western;teacher特殊读法a:clerk5.-ereihere;mere-ere或者发there;where,.,23,6.-ear有三种音，分别是：*-eariear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear:early;earth;learn;heard*-eara:heart*但tear作为动词时，发,.,24,7.-eieieight;weigh;weight*-eiaiheight*-eii:receive8.-ey重读eithey;hey;survey*-ey重读i:key*-ey非重读imonkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重读itpocket;ticket;rocket,.,25,9.-ew一般ju:new;few;knew*-ew或者发u:grew;threw*-ew还可以发usew10.-egeidcollege,.,26,11.-estistbiggest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后dlived;studied*-ed在清音后tworked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后idwanted;needed,.,27,（三）元音字母i或y的组合,1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发i:，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在词尾ailie;die;tie2.-ir在重读音节:girl;first;third;circle,.,28,3.-ire在重读音节aifire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重读音节ai(t)high;night;light;bright5.-ildaildchild;wild,.,29,6.-indaindfind;kind;mind;wind;(*但windowind)7.-ingiking;wing;sing;doing;making,.,30,8.-(a)tion(ei)nnation;pronunciation;information；*-stiontnquestion*-sionn或nmission使命;precision精密,.,31,9.-ye在词尾aigood-bye;bye-bye10.-istist例：list;fist;,.,32,(四)元音字母o的组合,1.-oa在重音时uboat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音时:例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音时i*-oy例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例：boy;toy;joy;loyal,.,33,3.-oo一般u:too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroomu等。*在字母k或有时在t，d之前时ulook;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food例外）;,.,34,4.-or在重音时:for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面:work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均发:)*-or在非重音时monitor;doctor;professor;forget;,.,35,5.-oar一般:board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般:或在美式英语里发door;floor*-oor还发upoor,.,36,7.-ore在重音时:snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般aushout;loud;round;found*-ou还发country;trouble*-ou还发u:wound;wounded,.,37,9.-ough(t)发:(t)ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：coughkf)10.-oeutoe;hoe;Joe,.,38,11.-olduldold;hold;cold;told12.-ostustpost;most;host;ghost(*例外costst),.,39,13.-our在重音时auour;hour;sour;*还发:four;course;pour*还发utour;gourd*-our在词尾(非重音)colour;neighbour;favourite,.,40,14.-ow在重音时aunow;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中ulow;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;know;show,.,41,（五）元音字母u的组合,1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发u如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发u:rule;true;blue;June,.,42,2.-ue在词尾ju:argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发u:fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发i如：build;biscuit；guilty,.,43,4.-ur在重音时:turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音时surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音时(j)upureju;sureu*-ture发tpicture;future;mixture,.,44,(II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则,.,45,辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列举如下:,1.b在一般情况下bback；big;lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常发ibuilding；build；busy-bt一般tdebt;doubt,.,46,2.c在字母e,i或y前面时scity;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前kcup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在词尾时也发k，但后面有e，还发smusickgraces;,.,47,-ckkduck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有时发social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前koccasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前ksaccent;success,.,48,-ch有三种音tk或如下：*tChina;rich;chick;chalk*kschool;chemistry;ache;technology*machine;parachute;moustache-tchtcatch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher,.,49,3.d在一般情况下ddid;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds发dzbirds;handsdr在元音字母前drdry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般dbridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情况下ffive;flag;life;leaf,.,50,5.g在字母e,i或y前面dlarge;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发g在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前ggame;goat;guard;ghost;glass在词尾也发gbig;egg;fig;flag,.,51,-gnn，即g不发音foreign;sign;-gh发f或-(即不发音)-high;light;thought;broughtflaugh;cough-dge发dbridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在词尾发gleague;colleague,.,52,6.*h在一般情况下hhelp;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不发音exhibition7.j在一般情况下djoy;judge;journey;January;just,.,53,8.*k在一般情况下kking;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发nknee;know;knowledge;knifeclimb;comb;tomb;,.,54,字母l只有两种发音:放在词首的发清晰的/l/;放在词末或le则发模糊/l/。9.*l在元音字母前发l(*即“勒”音，供参考)light；look;let;lab;live*l在辅音字母或词尾时发l(*即“欧”音，供参考)cold；sell;chalk,.,55,10.m在一般情况下mmeat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发m,.,56,11.*n在一般情况下nnow;next;ton;nest*n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发mautumn;column但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal;columnist,.,57,-ng常发或g*发sing;king;English;young*发gfinger；younger;language-nk常发kink;thank,.,58,12.p在一般情况下pmap;cap;people;pest*-phfphoto;phantom;physics13.*que在一般情况下kcheque*qu一般发kwquarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen,.,59,14.*r在元音字母前才发音r(即音同“日”供参考)room；read;rest;around*r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音car;star;jar*rh在元音字母前只发rrhyme;rhino;rhetoric,.,60,15.*s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发s如：see;some;sister;works;yes;thisnewspaper;注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发s音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：school-音标sku:l，念成sgu:lstreet-音标stri:t,念成sdri:tstudent-stju:dnt,念成sdju:dntspace-音标speis,而习惯念成sbeis,.,61,*s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发z如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发z如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys词尾的s在长元音之后，发zhers;yourss还可以发sure;Russ