英语教学法12.Teaching Listening

TeachingListening,.,2,TeachingContents,1.Whyislisteningsodifficultforstudents?2.Whatdowelistentoineverydaylife?3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthelisteningprocess?4.Whataretheprinciplesofteachinglistening?5.Whatarethecommonactivitiesinteachinglistening?,.,3,ITheimportanceofteachinglistening,1.Listeningisoneofthefourbasicskillsofalanguage.,InForeignlanguagelearning,bothlisteningandreadingarereceptiveskills,butlisteningcanbemoredifficultthanreading.,.,4,ITheimportanceofteachinglistening,2.ListeningisbecomingmoreandmorenecessarytounderstandspokenEnglishinmanysituations:face-to-faceconversationstelephonecallsbusinessmeetingsLecturesSpeechestelevision,.,5,3.WhydoeslisteningseemsodifficultforChinesestudents?Differentspeakersproducethesamesoundsindifferentways.(dialectsandaccents,stresses,rhythms,intonations,mispronunciations)Thespeedoftheinputofspokenmaterialcannotbecontrolled;Spokenmaterialisoftenheardonlyonce.Andthelistenercannotpausethespeakertoworkoutthemeaning.BackgroundnoiseMemoryandrecurrence,ITheimportanceofteachinglistening,.,6,II.TheproblemsinlisteningoftheChinesestudents,1.Listeningisoftenneglectedinlanguageteaching.,1)Lackofteachingmaterials;equipment;traininginhowtousetheequipment;real-lifesituationswherelanguagelearnersneedtounderstandspokenEnglish;2)Listeningisnotincludedonmanyimportanttests;3)Lessonstendtotestratherthantotrainstudentslisteningskills.,.,7,II.TheproblemsinlisteningoftheChinesestudents,2.Linguisticproblems1)Phoneticsproblems2)Lexicalproblems3)Grammarproblems,.,8,II.TheproblemsinlisteningoftheChinesestudents,3.Culturalproblems1)Frank-mildandroundabout/tactful2)Thinkingstyle3)Localconditionsandcustoms4.Psychologicalproblems1)Fearofdifficulties2)Lackofconfidence3)Careaboutfaces4)Noneedoflisteningskills,.,9,.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess,1.Whatdowelistentoineverydaylife?,Task2:Howmanysituationscanyouthinkofwhereyoulistentootherpeopleinournativelanguage?,loudspeakerannouncements,telephoneconversations,radionews,interview,lesson,lecture,story-telling,shoppingconversation,gossip,instructions,meetings,watchingtelevision,negotiations,watchingmovies,theatreshow,.,10,.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess,1.Whatdowelistentoineverydaylife?,Task:SituationswhereChinesepeoplemayneedtolistentoEnglish:,TelephoneconversationsaboutbusinessRadionewsinEnglishLessonsorlecturesgiveninEnglishConversationswithforeignersInstructionsinEnglishWatchmoviesinEnglishDealwithtouristsListeningtoEnglishsongs,.,11,ThecriteriaoflisteningsituationsFormalorinformal?Rehearsedornon-rehearsed?Canthelistenerinteractwiththespeakerornot?,.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess,.,12,3.Inreallifelisteninghasthefollowingcharacteristics(Ur,1996):,.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess,2)ContextThecontextoflisteningisusuallyknowninreallife.Thesituationusuallyhelpsuspredictwhatwearegoingtohear.,1)SpontaneityWeoftenlistentopeoplespeakingspontaneouslyandinformallywithoutrehearsingwhattheyaregoingtosayaheadoftime.,.,13,3)VisualClueWhilelistening,thespeakersfacialexpressions,gesturesandotherbodylanguagewillprovideusvisualclueswhichcanhelpusunderstandandpredictwhatwehear.,4)ListenersresponseMostofthelisteningallowsthelistenertorespondsthespeaker,whethertheyunderstandornot.,5)SpeakersadjustmentThespeakercanadjustthewayofspeakingaccordingtothelistenersreactions.,.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess,.,14,.Principlesforteachinglistening,1.Twomajorpurposesinlistening:forsocialreasonstoexchangeinformation2.Principlesforteachinglistening:1)Focusonprocess2)Combinelisteningwithotherskills3)Focusoncomprehendingmeaning4)Gradedifficultlevelappropriately,.,15,.Principlesforteachinglistening,Task:Forlowintermediateclass,whattextswouldyouchoose?Inwhatorder?AvideotapeofatalkbyanativespeakerabouttheschoollifeofmiddleschoolstudentsintheUnitedStates.AlivetalkbyacompetentEnglish-speakingChinesepsychologistabouteffectivestudyhabits.AnaudiotapeofaninterviewwithanativeEnglishspeakertalkingaboutherexperienceslivinginchina.AnaudiotapeofthenewsfromCRI(ChinaRadioInternational),.,16,.Principlesforteachinglistening,Principlesforselectingandusinglisteningactivities:Oxfordsummarizes12principlesforselectingandusingL2listeningactivities.Note:Doinglisteningtestsinsteadofteachingsomelisteningskillhastwoproblems:Studentsdonthaveopportunitiestodeveloplisteningskillswithotherskills.Listeningcomprehensionquestionsonlytestthestudentscomprehensionbutnottrainthemhowtolisten.,.,17,.Commonactivitiesinteachinglistening,1.TeachingmodelsBottom-upmodel:Inthebottom-upmodel,listeningcomprehensionisbelievedtostartwithsoundandmeaningrecognitions.Inotherwords,“weuseinformationinthespeechitselftotrytocomprehendthemeaning”.,.,18,.Commonactivitiesinteachinglistening,1.TeachingmodelsTop-downmodel:Inthismodel,listeningforgistandmakinguseofthecontextualcluesandbackgroundknowledgetoconstructmeaningareemphasized.Inotherwords,listeningcomprehensioninvolvesknowledgethatalistenerbringstoatext,sometimescalled“insidethehead”information.,.,19,.Commonactivitiesinteachinglistening,2.ThreeteachingstagesPre-listening:Helpstudentspreparetolisten;While-listening:Guideandhelpstudentstocomprehendthetext.Post-listeninghelpthemtointegratewhattheylearnedfromthetextintoexistingknowledge,.,20,.Commonactivitiesinteachinglistening,Pre-listening:Lookatsomepicturesbeforelisteningtothepassage.Readthelisteningcomprehensionquestionsbeforelistening.Setthesceneforthestudentsbeforelistening.Listenforthegistofthepassage.Listenforspecificinformation.,.,21,.Commonactivitiesinteachinglistening,While-listening:Listenandtick:Listsomeobjects.Thenaskstudentstolistenandtick.Listenandsequence:Listenandnumber;listenandmatchListenandact:“Simonsays”,listenandpoint.Listenanddraw:listenandcolor.ListenandfillListenandfindoutListenandguess,.,