测量学英文专业术语

测量学英文专业术语 第一章绪论测绘 Surveying测定 survey测设 layout 普通测量学 General survey大地测量学 geodetic survey摄影测量与遥感学 Photogrammetry and remote sensing 海洋测绘学 Marine surveying 工程测量学 Engineering surveying 制图学 cartography 测量基准面 datum plane大地水准面 Geoidal surface水准面 level plane参考椭球面 reference ellipsoid 旋转椭球 Rotating ellipsoid 大地坐标系 Geodetic coordinate system 空间直角坐标系 spatial rectangular coordinates 独立平面直角坐标系 Independent plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯平面直角坐标系 Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯投影 Gaussian projection 高程系统 Vertical system 曲率 curvity/Curvature 平面控制测量 The plane control survey 高程控制测量 Elevation control survey 第二章水准测量水准测量 Leveling Surveying 水平视线 horizontal sight高程 elevation height高差 Difference of height后视 backsight前视 foresight水准尺 Leveling rod 水准仪 The Level（instrument）尺垫 turning point plate微倾式水准仪 slightly leaning level（instrument）望远镜 telescope水准气泡 bubble基座 base 物镜 objectives目镜 eyepieces聚焦透镜 the focus lens十字丝分划板 the cross partition board目镜调焦螺旋 eyepiece optical screw 物镜调焦螺旋 objectives optical screw管水准器 tube level bubble圆水准器 round level bubble 三脚架 The tripod 视差 parallax视准轴 Collimation axis 水准点 Bench mark 水准路线 Leveling line 闭合水准路线closed level route附合水准路线annexed level route支水准路线 spur level route转点（Turning point）闭合差 misclosures闭合差允许误差：Misclosure allowable error检核 check校正 Calibration补偿器 compensator第三章角度测量角度测量 Angles surveying水平角 Horizontal angle(HA) 竖直角 The vertical angle(VA) 光学经纬仪 optical theodolite照准部 Collimation device 望远镜 Telescope, 竖直度盘 vertical dish, vertical circle水准管 Level bubble 读数设备 Readings equipment 水平度盘 Horizontal dish测微尺 Micro-distance measuring sensor 垂球 Plumb bob 对中 centring整平 level光学对中器 optical centering device侧回法 Observation set method 方向观测法 direction observation method 竖直角指标误差 Index error of vertical angle竖轴 The vertical axis VV 水平轴 The horizontal axis HH 望远镜视准轴 The telescope collimation CC 对中误差 Plummet error目标偏心差 Target eccentric error 电子经纬仪 Electronic theodolite第四章距离测量和直线定向距离测量 Distance surveying 直线定向 line orientation 钢尺 Steel tape 定线 Fixing line视距测量 Stadia measurement 电磁波测距仪 Electromagnetic rangefinder 微波测距仪 Microwave rangefinder 光电测距仪 Photoelectric rangefinder 激光测距仪 Laser rangefinder 红外测距仪 Infrared rangefinder 相位测距仪 Phase type rangefinder 脉冲式测距仪 Pulsed rangefinder 全反射棱镜 Total reflecting prisms 真北方向 True north direction 磁北方向 Magnetic north direction 坐标北方向 Coordinates north direction 方位角 Azimuth 真方位角 True azimuth (A)磁方位角 Magnetic azimuth(Am)坐标方位角 Grid azimuth()磁偏角 Magnetic declination子午线收敛角 meridian convergence罗盘 compass 第五章全站仪测量全站仪 TOTAL STATION水平制动、微动螺旋 Horizontal motion clamp, Horizontal tangent screw光学对中器 Optical plummet telescope粗瞄镜 Sighting collimator物镜Objective lens 整平脚螺旋 Leveling screw竖直制动、微动螺旋 Vertical motion clamp, Vertical tangent screw目镜 Telescope eyepiece管水准器Plate level圆水准器 Circle level单棱镜组Single prism system超站仪(Smart station) Automatic total station , ultra station instrument 交会测量 Resection measurement放样测量 Setting-out survey对边测量 Missing Line Measurement (MLM) 悬高测量 Remote Elevation Measurement (REM)第六章测量误差的基本理论测量平差：Surveying Adjustment测量误差：surveying errors系统误差：Systematic error偶然误差：random error；accidental error 最或是值：The most probable value多余观测：Redundant observation 算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means 精度指标：Accuracy index中误差：Root mean square error (RMSE) 允许误差：Allowable error相对误差：Relative error 观测值改正数：Observation correction value误差传播定律：Law of errors propagation全微分：Total differential 权：Weight加权平均值：The weighted average （mean）权倒数传播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law第七章控制测量控制测量：Control surveying碎部测量：detailed surveying平面控制网:Plane control network高程控制网:Elevation control network小区域控制网：Small area control network控制点：control points国家控制网：State Control netGPS测量：GPS surveying导线测量：traverse surveying三角测量：trigonometric survey三边测量：trilateral surveying光电测距仪：photoelectric rangefinder 闭合导线：Closed traverse; 附和导线：Connecting traverse; 支导线：Open traverse. 野外勘察：Field reconnaissance 坐标方位角：Coordinates azimuth 交会定点：Intersection fixed-point 测边交会：Side-surveying intersection第八章大比例尺地形图测绘大比例尺地形图测绘：Topographic Surveying and Mapping in Large Scale 地形:Terrain地物:Ground feature地貌:Landscape比例尺:Scale依比例符号：Proportional symbols 非比例符号：Disproportional symbols 半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi- Disproportional symbols (Linear symbols )地形图图式:map schemata 地貌符号:Landscape symbols 等高线:Contour line注记符号:Note symbols等高距:contour interval等高线平距:contour horizontal distance山头:Peak洼地:depressions 示坡线:slope line山脊:Ridge与山谷: valley合水线:Close waterline分水线:watershed line鞍部（垭口）:Saddle陡坡:Steep悬崖:cliff首曲线（又称基本等高线）:intermediate contour计曲线（又称加粗等高线）:index contour间曲线（又称半距等高线）:half-interval contour地形图分幅与编号:Subdivision and index梯形分幅与编号:Trapezoid subdivision and index平板仪及其使用:Plane table 视距丝:Stadia silk竖直角的竖盘:Perpendicular plate 地形图的拼接:splice地形图的整饰:trim第九章大比例尺地形图的应用图号、图名和接图表：map number, map name, adjacent map ch