上外：Unit 09_A (第六册,英语综合教程,外教社)

.,Unit9IdRatherBeBlackThanFemale,TextExplanationPartI,.,AbouttheAuthor,ShirleyChisholm(1924-2005),Americanpolitician,educator,andauthor,wasthefirstAfro-AmericanwomanelectedtotheU.S.Congress.Shewasapassionateandeffectiveadvocateofequalrightsforminorities,womenandchildren.ShechangedthenationsperceptionaboutthecapabilitiesofwomenandAfrican-Americans.,.,TextStructure,Section1:Paragraph1Section2:Paragraphs2-3Section3:Paragraphs4-12Section4:Paragraphs13-16Section5:Paragraph17,.,TextAnalysis,ShirleyChisholmidentifiesandanalysesthesexualdiscriminationin1970sAmericanpoliticsanddrawsthesurprisingconclusionthattheprejudicebasedonsexisevenmoreseriousthanracialprejudice.ItissurprisingbecauseAmericansocietyasawholenowacknowledgestheracialinequalitybutbothmenandwomenaresimplyblindtotheunfairtreatmentofwomeninthegameofpolitics.Sheexpressesherconvictionthatwomensmoreactiveparticipationinpoliticswouldimprovethecountry.,.,Paragraph1,BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.Iwasthefirsttoovercomebothhandicapsatonce.Ofthetwohandicaps,beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.,.,phenomenon,anystateorprocessknownthroughthesensesratherthanbyintuitionorreasoning;aremarkabledevelopment现象；奇迹；杰出的人才Thephenomenondrawsmoreattentionofthepublicthaneverbefore.这个现象也也比以往更加引起公众的注意力了Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?什么能解释这种奇怪的现象？,.,overcome,winavictoryover;getontopof;dealwithsuccessfullyYoumustovercomeyourbadhabits.你必须克服你的坏习惯.So,whatobstaclesdoyouhavetoovercomeinyourlife?在你的生命中,有哪些障碍是需要克服的?Whenatlastalltheseobstacleswereovercome,thesmallteamsettowork.当最后所有的这些障碍被克服的时候,小队就开始工作了。,.,handicap,(n.)theconditionofbeingunabletoperformasaconsequenceofphysicalormentalunfitness(v.)injurepermanently;putatadisadvantageBlindnessisagreathandicap.失明是一种重大的残疾。Abadattitudeistheonlytruehandicap.错误的态度才是唯一真正的障碍。Perhapsotherreaderswillnotsuffersuchahandicap.也许别的读者不会感到这个困难吧。,.,drawback,thequalityofbeingahindrance缺点，不利条件；退税Complacencyisadrawbacktoprogress.自满是进步的障碍。Thisisthemajordrawbackofthesystem.这就是该系统的主要缺点。Adrawbackoftextformatfiles,however,isthattheytakelongertoload.然而文本格式文件的缺点就是载入它们要花很长的时间。,.,Paragraph2,IfIsaidthatbeingblackisagreaterhandicapthanbeingawoman,probablynoonewouldquestionme.Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen-and,Iamafraid,mostwomen-asbizarre.,.,question(v.),challengetheaccuracy,probity,orproprietyof;placeindoubtorexpressdoubtfulspeculation询问；怀疑；审问Youhavenorighttoquestionhim.你无权对他进行质询。Federalofficialsareduetoquestionthemnextweek.联邦官员将于下周对他们进行审问。Iquestionthetruthofthestory.我怀疑这个故事的真实性。,.,prejudiceagainst,IadmitIhadaprejudiceagainstBob.我承认我以前对鲍伯有偏见。SomeChineseharboraprejudiceagainstmentalillnesspatients.一些中国人对精神病患者抱有一种偏见。Prejudiceagainstwomenisdeeplyrootedstillinsomepeoplesmind,especiallyindistantruralareas.对女性的偏见，尤其是在偏远的农村地区，仍然深植于某些人的心中PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.多年以来，许多白人看不到存在着对黑人的歧视。,.,strike,stopworkinordertopressdemands；affectorafflictsuddenly,usuallyadversely；hitagainst;comeintosuddencontactwith罢工；打击；敲；打动Thecompanyhaltedtheoperationsduringthestrike.罢工期间,这家公司停止了业务。Thatpointstothepossibility,atleast,ofamilitarystrike.那就意味着，至少有可能，会进行一场军事打击。Smithstruckamatchtolightthefire史密斯划燃一根火柴点燃炉火,.,bizarre,adj.conspicuouslyorgrosslyunconventionalorunusualThatsoundslikeabizarrecombination.那样的组合听起来很怪。ItsbeenabizarreweekfortheRockets.对火箭队来说，这是一个相当奇怪的星期。Theoldpeopleallgoggledatthebizarredressesofthegirlsattheparty.晚会上老人们个个睁大了眼睛,瞧着女孩子们穿的奇装异服。,.,Paragraph3,PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.Whenblacksfinallystartedtomentionit,withsit-ins,boycotts,andfreedomrides,Americanswereincredulous.Itwasthestartofalong,painfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.Itwilltakeyearsforwhites-includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals-todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.,.,mention,(v.)makereferenceto;(n.)aremarkthatcallsattentiontosomethingorsomeoneNowthatyoumentionit,Icouldrecallit.既然你提及，我也就记起来了。Ienjoyedthemeal,nottomentiontheconversation.我很享受那顿饭，更不用说席间的谈话。Anervousbosscanbecomehystericalatthemerementionofmoney.只要一提到钱，神经质的老板就会变得异常激动。,.,sit-in,n.aformofcivildisobedienceinwhichdemonstratorsoccupyseatsandrefusetomove静坐抗议；静坐罢工Protestersmanagedtoclimbtherailingsandbreakintothedebatingchambertostageasit-in.示威者爬过栏杆，闯入辩论厅举行静坐。Thelatterstagedasit-inatBangkoksinternationalairportforaweekthatleftthousandsofpassengersstranded.后者发起了在曼谷国际机场长达一周的静坐示威，致使成千上万的旅客滞留。,.,boycott,(n.)agroupsrefusaltohavecommercialdealingswithsomeorganizationinprotestagainstitspolicies;(v.)refusetosponsor;refusetodobusinesswith抵制，杯葛Forafewdayseveryyear,peopleinSouthKoreawillboycotteverythingJapanese.每年都有几天韩国人会抵制一切来自日本的东西.Sofar,thebusinessimpactoftheprotestsandboycottcallsappearslimited.到目前为止，抗议和抵制活动产生的商业影响显得有限。,.,incredulous,adj.notdisposedorwillingtobelieve;unbelievingPeoplenowadaysareincredulousaboutghostsandwitches.现在的人们对鬼和巫婆都不相信了。AfterItoldherthestory,Janegavemeanincreduloussmile.我把这个故事讲给简听，听完后她不相信地朝我一笑。Imincreduloustonobodyspromisesbutyours.我不相信任何人的承诺，但你是个例外。,.,liberal,apersonwhofavorsapoliticalphilosophyofprogressandreformandtheprotectionofcivillibertiesHewasaconvictionliberalandabelieve-in-nothingcelebrity.他是坚定的自由主义者，也是没有信仰的名流；ThetitleofPaulKrugmansnewbook,“TheConscienceofaLiberal,”isnoaccident.保罗克鲁格曼的新书之所以取名一个自由主义者的良知绝非意外。,.,racist,n.apersonwithaprejudicedbeliefthatoneraceissuperiortoothersIfindhisracistviewstotallyrepugnant.我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点.Whenhefinallycameout,manysawthatthisU.S.SupremeCourtJusticewasaracistatheart.当这位美国最高法院法官最后表态时，很多人看出此人内心是个种族主义者。Theracistharassmenthasdrivenhiminsane.种族主义者的折磨把他逼疯了。,.,Paragraph4,Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen?Iamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.PartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.,.,brainwashed,adj.subjectedtointensiveforcedindoctrinationresultingintherejectionofoldbeliefsandacceptanceofnewonesLirespondedwithasmile,“Idontwanttobebrainwashed.李先生一笑说，“我不愿被洗脑子。”IrefusetobebrainwashedbyadvertisersintobuyingsomethingIdontneed.我可不让广告商给我洗脑，去买那些我不需要的东西。,.,Paragraph5,Letmeexlplain.Ihavebeenactiveinpoliticsformorethantwentyyears.Forallbutlastsix,Ihavedonethework-allthetediousdetalisthatmaketehdifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatonelectionday-whilemenreapedtherewards,whichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics.,.,tedious,solackingininterestastocausementalwearinessHowcanhegiveussuchatediouslecture!他怎么能做这么沉闷乏味的演讲.Butthereisnodenyingthatsomeofthemaretediousandnottrustworthy.但不可否认的是他们中的一些人是乏味的,而不是可信。TheMayorrecitedtotheQueenalongandtediousspeechofwelcome.市长向女王背诵了一篇冗长且乏味的欢迎词。,.,makethedifference,产生差别；有影响，很重要Therightpeoplemakethedifference.合适的人起重要的作用。Educationcanmakeabigdifferencetothequalityofapersonslife.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响.Leadershipcertainlyplaysavitalrole,butindividualteammemberattitudesmakethedifference.领导能力当然起了一个很关键的作用，但团队成员的态度也会造成不同影响。,.,reaptherewards,Mayyoureaptherewardsofkindness.愿你因你的善良而获得回报。Keepupthegoodwork,becauseyouwillreaptherewardssoon.保持杰出的工作，因为你马上就可以收获回报了。Enjoythechallengeofshort-termandlong-termgoalsandthenreaptherewards!拥有短期的和长期目标的挑战然后收获酬谢!,.,invariably,adv.always;inaninvariablemannerPowerinvariablymeansbothresponsibilityanddanger.权力永远意味着责任和危险。Incontrastwithmostpoliticians,hewasinvariablypolite.与大多数政治家相比，他始终彬彬有礼。Amanwhomoralizingisusuallyahypocrite,andawomanwhomoralizingisinvariablyplain.说教的男人通常是个伪善者，而说教的女人则必定是个丑女。,.,lot(n.),youroverallcircumstancesorconditioninlife(includingeverythingthathappenstoyou);anything(strawsorpebblesetc.)takenorchosenatrandom抽签；命运；abad(或sorry)lot(一个或一帮)坏蛋，恶人；没出息的家伙acrookinthelot(人生中)倒霉的时刻；人生的坎坷thatsyourlot(或youhavehadyourlot)你命该如此,.,Paragraph6,Itisstillwomen-aboutthreemillionvolunteers-whodomostofthisworkintheAmericanpoliticalworld.Thebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvice-chairman,akindofseparate-but-equalpositionwithwhichawomanisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelope-stuffingandcard-partyorganizing.whereherroleissupposedtobetovotethewayhermalechairmanvotes.,.,separate-but-equal,(种族主义者的)隔离但是平等(的主张)SeparatebutequalwasalegaldoctrineinUnitedStatesConstitutionallawthatjustifiedsystemsofsegregation.Underthisdoctrine,services,facilitiesandpublicaccommodationswereallowedtobeseparatedbyrace,ontheconditionthatthequalityofeachgroupspublicfacilitieswere(supposedly)toremainequal.ThephrasewasderivedfromaLouisianalawof1890.,.,convention,n.alargeformalassembly;somethingregardedasanormativeexample;(diplomacy)aninternationalagreement;orthodoxyasaconsequenceofbeingconventional;theactofconvening大会；协定；惯例；习俗；约定Conventionnowallowswomentosmokeinpublic.现在习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。Itismostdesirablethatheshouldattendtheconvention.他要是能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。,.,besupposedto,AmIsupposedtofinishitnow?我是不是现在就得完成它？AreyousupposedtobeinAustralianow?你现在不是应该在澳大利亚的吗？StudentsaresupposedtogotoschooleveryMondaythroughFriday.学生每星期一至星期五都要去上学。Ofcourse,teachersarenotsupposedtohavefavoritestudents,andtheyshouldtreateveryoneequally.当然，老师是不该有最喜欢的学生的，并且要公平的对待每一个学生。,.,Paragraph7,WhenItriedtobreakoutofthatrolein1963andrunfortheNewYorkStateAssemblyseatfromBrooklynsBedford-Stuyvesant,theresistancewasbitter.Fromthestartofthatcampaign,Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex.,.,Assembly,n.1.agroupofmachinepartsthatfittogethertoformaself-containedunit2.theactofconstructingsomething(asapieceofmachinery)3.apublicfacilitytomeetforopendiscussion4.agroupofpersonsgatheredtogetherforacommonpurpose5.thesocialactofassembling装配；集会，集合Shallwestartwiththeassemblyline?咱们从装配线开始好吗？Everyonehastherighttofreedomofpeacefulassemblyandassociation.人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由。,.,undisguised,adj.plaintosee无伪装的；公开的；不戴假面具的Fromthestartofthatcampaign,Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex.从竞选一开始，我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的敌意。Itistime,sir,tospeaktheundisguisedlanguageofhistoricaltruth.阁下，现在该是毫不掩饰地说清楚历史真相的时候了。,.,hostility,ahostile(veryunfriendly)disposition敌意；战争行动Thedogshowednohostilityatfirst.这只狗一开始毫无敌意。hostile(adj.)characterizedbyenmityorillwill;veryunfriendlyTomclosedthecarwindowandsatbackinhisseat,inhostilesilence.汤姆关上车窗，一声不吭地背靠椅子坐着，心里充满着敌意cf.belligerence,belligerent,.,Paragaph8,Butitwasfouryearslater,whenIranforCongress,thatthequestionofmysexbecameamajorissue.Amongmembersofmyownparty,closedmeetingswerehelddtodiscusswaysofstoppingme,.,Paragrah9,Myopponent,thefamouscivil-rightsleaderJamesFarmertriedtoprojectablack,masculineimage;hetouredtheneighborhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts,dashikis,andbeards.Whilethetelevisioncrewsignoredme,theywerenotawareofaveryimportantstatisticwhichbothIandmycampaignmanager,WesleyMacD.Holder,knew.Inmydistrict