跨文化商务沟通 chapter1

1,ChapterI,王琮琮,InterculturalBusinessCommunication,InterculturalCommunication,Contents,Lead-inCases,Communication,1,2,3,4,CaseAnalysis,TeachingAims,TounderstandtheconceptofcommunicationandinterculturalcommunicationTobefamiliarwiththecomponentsofcommunicationandimpactofcultureininterculturalbusinesscommunicationToUnderstandChineseBusinessCultureinForeignerseyes,1.Lead-inCase,Listentoastorybetweenacouple.Hereistheconversation:Lisa:Dick,howlongisyourmumgoingtostay?Dick:Idontknow.Ihaventaskedher.Lisa:Whynotaskher?Dick:Whatdoyoumeanbyaskingher?Lisa:ImeanwhatIsaid.Justaskherhowlongshesgoingtostay.,2.Communication,Communication,thebasisofallhumancontact,occurswherevertherearehumanbeings.Whenababyisborn,itcries.Thecryingiscommunication.Whenyouachieveyourgoal,yourfriendscomeandsay,Congratulations!Thewordcongratulationsiscommunication.Whenyourunintoafriendonyourwaytoschoolinthemorning,yougreethim,Goodmorning!Theexpressiongoodmorningiscommunication.,DefinitionsofCommunication,Communicationisadynamic,systematicprocessinwhichmeaningsarecreatedandreflectedinhumaninteractionwithsymbols.(Wood,1994)Everyculturalpatternandeverysingleactofsocialbehaviorinvolvescommunication.(Chu,1977)“Communicationisaprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signsorbehavior,ortheexchangeofthoughts,messages,orinformation,asbyspeech,signals,writing,orbehavior.”(Coleman,2005)Culturecannotbeknownwithoutastudyofcommunication,andcommunicationcanonlybeunderstoodwithanunderstandingofthecultureitsupports.(Zhuang,2004),TheProcessofCommunication,ComponentsofCommunication,SourceEncoding-symbolsMessageresultofencodingChannelphysicalmeans:facetofacetalks,letters,telephones,televisions,books,magazines,newspapers,radios,etcNoiseReceiverDecodingReceiverResponsewhatthereceiverdecidestodoaboutthemessageFeedback-informationContext,TypesofCommunication,1.IntermsofSourcea.humancommunicationb.animalcommunicationc.human-animalcommunicationd.human-machinecommunicatione.machine-to-machinecommunication,Typesofhumancommunication,a.Intrapersonalcommunication:erpersonalcommunication:communicationbetweenpeople;anizationalcommunication;d.masscommunication;raculturalcommunication:thecommunicationbetweenculturallysimilarindividuals,2.IntermsofstyledirectVS.indirect3.Intermsofmediuma.verbalcommunicationb.nonverbalcommunicationspace,facialexpressions,gestures,eyecontact.,3.DefinitionsofInterculturalCommunication,Inreality,theterminterculturalcommunicationwasfirstusedbyEdwardT.Hallin1959.Oneofthefirstresearcherstodifferentiateculturesbasedonhowinformationissentandreceived,Hallsimplydefinesinterculturalcommunicationascommunicationbetweenpersonsofdifferentcultures.AndHuWenzhong,awell-knownprofessorofinterculturalcommunicationinChina,definesinterculturalcommunicationascommunicationbetweenpeopleofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Tobespecific,thestudyofinterculturalcommunicationisacomprehensiveattempttounderstandallaspectsofhumanculturesandhowtheyinteractwitheachother.,Firstoffer,ACanadiancolleagueandItraveledtoGuilinwithouradmirableguideLiuinveryhotweather.Sightseeingisathirstybusiness.Wedidnottrustthewater,andenjoyedexcellentbeer.WepolitelyofferedsometoLiubutherefused.Wesaidnothinganddrankourbeer.Onanotherday,Liuquicklyacceptedourofferofbeer.Heinfactlikedthebeer.PleaseexplainLiusbehaviorfromtheculturalperceptive.,CaseAnalysis,InChinesecultureitisnotpolitetoacceptonthefirstoffer.ChinesecustomsshowthatLiuwasmodest,politeandwell-behavedandhadintentionofacceptingthebeeratthesecondorthirdoffer.ButhedidntunderstandNorthAmericanrules,whichfirmlysaythatyoudonotpushalcoholicbeveragesonanyone.Youdonotinsistonofferingalcohol.Inyourdailylife,doyouoftenacceptfirstoffer?Ifyes,inwhatsituation?,TipsforInterculturalCommunication,Treatothersthewaytheywanttobetreated;BeawareofandsensitivetootherculturesMaintainanopenmind:Dontrushtojudgment;thingsarenotalwaysthewaytheyseemPutyourselfinotherpeoplesshoes!,Treatothersthewaytheywanttobetreated;BeawareofandsensitivetootherculturesMaintainanopenmind:Dontrushtojudgment;thingsarenotalwaysthewaytheyseemPutyourselfinotherpeoplesshoes!,4.CaseICultivatingGuanxiasaForeignInvestorStrategy,“Ifyouscratchmyback,Illscratchyours”.Literallytranslated,guanximeansconnections.Butitismuchmorethanhavingthesameoldschooltie.InEuropeorAmericawhoyouknowmighthelpyougetajob,orgetyourchildintoadecentschool.,CaseStudyII:StyleofHospitality,AnalysisChineseway:Tobuildabusinessrelationship,personalrelationshipsmustbeestablishedfirst.DealsinChinaarenotdoneovernight.Relationshipsmustbeestablishedbeforebusinessisconducted.Severalmeetingsoccurbeforebusinessisdiscussed.Therearemanysocialandmeetinginvitations,whichseemnotpointless.ButactuallythesearethewayChinesepropeltherelationship.Thehostshouldordermorethanenoughfoodforthetableandarrangethescheduleforvisitoroutofshowingrespect.,AmericanWay:Americansvalue