译林牛津版高中英语模块10 unit 1 Grammar and usage -- Linking words.ppt

welcometoourclass,Module10Unit1Grammarandusage,Linkingwords,邳州一中马骥,Discussion,Whatsthefunctionoflinkingword?,Linksareneededbetweensentencestoconnecttheideasofthesentencestoeachother.Withouttheselinks,itiseasyforreaderstogetconfused.Theselinkshelpreadersworkoutwhatisgoingtohappennextinatext.,Whatarethefourcommontypesoflinksbetweensentences?timesequencewords时间顺序关联词causeandeffectwords因果关联词contrastingwords对比关联词additionwords.附加关联词,Timesequencewords,first(ly)首先;second(ly)其次;third(ly)第三nowintheend;atlast最后,suchas:,showtheorderofideasoractions.,Causeandeffectwords.,since，as，because(of)，因为foronething一则，（foranother）,asaresult，结果，结果是thus，so，,Showtheresults:,Showthereasons:,showthereasonsorresultsofdoingsomething,Contrastingwords,however，but然而，但是onthecontrary正相反incontrast与此相反，反之,introduceanideathatisincontrasttotheideamentionedbefore.,suchas:,Additionwords,inaddition另外，此外and和aswellas也，而且similarly同样地，besides，furthermore此外，而且,introduceadditionalinformation,suchas:,Educationisveryimportant,particularlyinthevariouswaysitbenefitsyoungpeople.Firstofall,itteachesthemandhelpsthembetterunderstandtheworld.Secondly,educationteachespeopleaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheircountry.Inthisway,youngpeoplelearnaboutthepastandareabletoappreciatetheirnationalliteratureandart.Thirdly,educationhelpsdeveloppeoplespersonalities.Througheducation,youngpeoplelearntorespectandtolerateothersandwillbecomemorefriendly,cooperativeandhelpful.Lastly,educationpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuture.Apartfromacademicknowledge,theywillalsolearntheskillstheyneedfortheirfuturecareers.,Educationisveryimportant,particularlyinthevariouswaysitbenefitsyoungpeople.Firstofall,itteachesthemandhelpsthembetterunderstandtheworld.Secondly,educationteachespeopleaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheircountry.Inthisway,youngpeoplelearnaboutthepastandareabletoappreciatetheirnationalliteratureandart.Thirdly,educationhelpsdeveloppeoplespersonalities.Througheducation,youngpeoplelearntorespectandtolerateothersandwillbecomemorefriendly,cooperativeandhelpful.Lastly,educationpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuture.Apartfromacademicknowledge,theywillalsolearntheskillstheyneedfortheirfuturecareers.,Typesoflinkingwords1.Povertyisstillkillingpeople.However,thesesmallvictoriesareagoodstarttowardsabetterfuture.2.Theprogramhasseveralaims:firstly,tohelpunemployedpeoplefindwork;secondly,toteachnewmothersaboutnutrition;andthirdly,tohelpyoungpeopledevelopproblemsolvingskills.3.Thesepeoplewillbegivenachancetohelpthemselvesinsteadofbeingdependentonotherpeople.Asaresult,theywillenjoyahigherstandardofliving.,Contrastingwords,Timesequencewords,Causeandeffectwords,4.Ourorganizationisworkingtoraisemoneyforthelocalhomelessshelters.Furthermore,wearecollectingclothingtogivetothoseinneed.5.Manypeoplebelievethathungerisonlyaprobleminthedevelopingworld.Onthecontrary,itisaproblemallovertheworld.6.Geldofintendedtheconcerttoraisemoneyforandpublicawarenessofthefamine.Intheend,$100millionwasraised.,Additionwords,Contrastingwords,Timesequencewords,7.Forexample,thediseasemalaria,whichisspreadbymosquitoes,killsoveronemillionchildrenyearly.Ontopofthis,accordingtotheUnitedNations,hungerandmalnutritionclaimtenmillionliveseachyear.8.Reporter:Whydidyouorganizetheconcert?Bob:Well,foronething,Iwantedtoraisemoneyforthehungrypeople.Also,Iwantedtoraisepublicawarenessofpovertyandfamine.,Contrastingwords,Causeandeffectwords,Groupwork,moreexampleoflinkingwords,Timesequencewords:,Finally最后then然后next其次，接下来tobeginwith;firstofall;inthefirstplace首先，起初aboveall首先，尤其是lastbutnottheleast最后一点，也是非常重要的一点firstandmostimportant首先也是最重要的一点是,Causeandeffectswords:,because；since；as；因为nowthat既然，因为forthisreason由于这个原因dueto；thanksto；becauseof；owingto因为，由于sothat所以inorderthat为了，以便于asaresult；asaconsequence结果thus；hence；so；therefore；accordingly因此,Contrastingwords:,while,yet，whereas然而,ontheotherhand另一方面,instead反而,bycontrast相比之下，与之相比,differentfrom，unlike和不同,otherwise另外，在其他方面,incontrast与此相反,Additionwords:,also；too；aswellas也，而且，和一样,whatsmore而且,besides；inaddition此外，而且，另外Furthermore此外，而且,Moreover而且，此外,additionally此外，加之,Fillintheblankusingproperlinkingwords.1.Youshouldbefullypreparedbeforegoingwalkinginthemountain._,bringplentyofdrinkingwaterwithyou.2.Icannotthankmyfriendsenoughforwhattheyhavedoneforme._,theylentmemoneytobuymyfirsthouse;_,theyhelpedmefindagoodjob.3.Jillhasnochanceofwinningthenextmatch.Theotherplayersaremuchbetterthanher._,sheisill.,Aboveall,Foronething,Foranotherthing,Furthermore,1.Ihavegotnointerestinit;_,Ihavelotsofworktodo.A.otherwiseB.besidesC.howeverD.therefore2.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but_IenjoytheworkImdoingatthemoment.A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhandC.foronethingD.asamatteroffact,Multiplechoice:,3.-DoyouthinkIshouldgetagoodguidebook?-Yes,ofcourse._,youalsoneedagoodcameraandcomfortableshoes.A.WhatsmoreB.InotherwordsC.BythewayD.Allinall4.Idliketobuyahousemodern,comfortable,and_inaquietneighbor-hood.A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall,5.Hecamehomeaftermidnight,and_,hewasdrunk.Thatmadehisparentsveryangry.A.WhatismoreB.OntheotherhandC.InmyopinionD.Inanotherword6.ThisEnglishmanisgoodatwriting,readingandiskindtoothers.A.aboveallB.firstofallC.inallD.afterall,7.-Idliketogohomenow.-Whynotstayhereforthenight?Itissolatenow._,itisrainingsohard.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Asaresult8.IcanttellyoutheexacttimewhenIwillgetthere,_,IllbethereasearlyasIcan.A.NomatterB.AnyhowC.ThereforeD.Besides,Introductionofotherlinkingwords,Conclusion:,inconclusion;toconclude;onthewhole;tosumup;inone/aword;inshort;inbrief;insummary,Giveanexample:,forexample;forinstance;suchas;takeforexample;inthis/thatcase,Showdifferencesorsimilarities:,likewise;yet;despite;inspiteof;inthesameway;inthesamemanner;equally,1然而，这种教学方法也有一些问题。_,thereare_someproblemswiththisteachingmethod.2因此，我更喜欢我的老师用英语和汉语来教学。_,IprefermyteachertoteachusinbothEnglishandChinese.,However,also,Therefore,Completethesentences.,3.任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。Neverwasteanything,and_neverwastetime.4.我之所以喜欢他，有三个理由：首先，他很诚实；其次，他很善良；第三，他很英俊。TherearethreereasonswhyIlikehim:_heshonest,_heskind,_heshandsome.5.一来我们买不起，二来这东西也难看。_wecantafforditand_itsugly.,second(ly),aboveall,first(ly),third(ly),Foronething,foranother,6.我没有病；恰恰相反，我健康极了。Imnotsick;_,Iminthepeakofhealth.7.我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来。Iwanttogototheparty,but_Ioughttobestudying.8总之，形势很严峻。_/_thesituationisserious.,onthecontrary,Ontheother,hand,Inaword,Inshort/Inbrief,Conclusion,Linkingwords起着承上启下的作用，是语义关系过渡的桥梁。有效、适当地使用语句间的连接成分，可使全文结构紧凑，层次清楚，过渡自然。避免过分堆积，否则将适得其反。,如何学好英语,下面是玛丽学习英语的情况，请用英语介绍表中所列情况。（5个句子表达所有内容）,1.IdliketotellyouhowMarylearnsEnglish.2.Sheoftenreadsaloud,whichhelpshertorememberthemeasilyandformagoodhabitoft