英语四级深度阅读技巧.ppt

大学英语四级阅读理解部分,大学英语四级阅读理解,阅读的广泛理解知识的源泉，能力的根本利用阅读打天下，无往不胜,篇章阅读-寻找可能的技巧,阅读理解,新四级考试的阅读部分主要分为快速阅读和深度（仔细）阅读两个部分。深度阅读包括选词填空与题意选择两种题型,阅读分数占全卷的35%.,阅读理解(40mins),35%,快速阅读15,深度阅读25,25%,篇章词汇5%,篇章阅读20%,10%,篇章阅读要求,选材来源命题来源NewScientistNewsweekTheNewYorkTimesTimeTheWashingtonPost大学英语四六级考试命题委员会,篇章阅读要求,体裁方面议论文说明文新闻评述记叙文,题材方面人文科学自然科学,题材评述,梳理把握广泛多样的题材，是“知己知彼”的第一步。以下是近几年阅读命题题材分布情况。文化教育2007.6学习写作2007.12远程教育2009.12大学招聘美国高层管理人才原因科技环保2008.6全球变暖2009.6环保时装，一滴水一个世界2010.6黑匣子的功能热点新闻2007.6性别歧视,题材评述,经济商贸2006.12瓶装水的成功推广2008.12商店如何应对顾客投诉生命健康2006.12健康新解2008.12男性比女性更易得病社会生活2008.6保护隐私2007.12子女教育2009.12美国黑人女性形象2010.6正面思维与负面思维2010.12人们工作角色转变的原因婚姻与长寿,识别文体,说明文（最常见）第一句通常为主题句结构：提出问题分析问题解决问题格式：比较，对照，分类，列举。Tip.抓住文章主题，同时把握个层次的要点。议论文论点-论据Tips.抓住论点，论据，明确作者论证方法是归纳还是演绎抓住表示因果because,asaresult,therefore，递进moreover,inaddition，转折but,however等的信号词注意作者使用的表达赞同反对等感情色彩的形容词，副词或句型。,词汇要求,1.题干中的关键词有50%能在原文中找到，还有一小部分是同义词替换。（定位原文）08.165refinethestory-correctthestory2.定位原文后，不一定能直接找到答案，很多时候是同义替换A背高频词汇（复用单词一词多义一词多性）B。加强同义替换意识同义替换的重要性1.找出答案位置需要同义替换意识2.得出正确答案需要同义替换意识Example:ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinsipireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthQ.itseemsthatthecontroversyoverthevaluesofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledby_.Controversy-debatefueled-inspired2.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged_.原文：,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategy.Answer:togiveuptheirformerwayoflife,攻克长难句,常常涉及考点，所以不能跳过略过。会影响我们整体阅读的流畅性突破长难句：四级阅读中的很多句子都比较长，很多句子都在20个单词以上，它们不时的出没于四级阅读中，构成了一个个obstacle。其中，1995年6月大学英语四级考试阅读理解的第三篇文章的第三句话长达80个词，句子结构的复杂程度不亚于GRE阅读，现展示如下：Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtoptobottom,andsoon,aswellassuchdetails，importantnotwithstanding(然而),aseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesonthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.,长难句,从真题一篇阅读理解的首句也可以看出四级阅读中部分句子的结构的复杂程度。Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodestincreasecouldbeprovidedintheEECsresearcheffortinthisfield,accordingtoseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEECsscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.,长难句,实用的原则：修饰成分全找出来之后，用括号把每个修饰成分括起来，留在括号外面的就是主干然后，按照一般顺序，谓语在前，宾语（或表语）在后，这样我们就有了主谓宾（或主系表）的主干结构了最后把修饰成分按对应的位置加上去，整个句子的结构就把握住了。,长难句常涉及的类型,1.双重否定句负负得正，把两个表示否定的结构都去掉。No,not,hardly,seldom,neverlittle,few,small应注意的词根词缀de-/dis-/un-/in-Thereareprobablynoquestions(that)wecanthinkupthatcantbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Answer:Mancanfindsolutionssoonerorlatertowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup.,长难句常涉及的类型,2.分词做状语类（主干，现在分词、过去分词）Eg.1MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassionforthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworldsfirstworkerscompensationlawin1884.Motivatedby-ChancelloerBismarkQ:TheworldsfirstcompensationlawwasintroducedbyBismark_Answer:outofreligiousandpoliticalconsiderations.Eg.208.166解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。,长难句常涉及的类型,3.定语从句类规律：找真正的谓语动词时，如果定语从句修饰主语，找第二个可以做谓语的动词，第一个是属于定语从句的谓语动词。Tips.先括出定语从句部分，跳出从句，抓住主干再解题。ThemotheroftheyoungmanWildewasintimatewithaccusedhimatthebanquetofsexuallyinfluencingherson.,长难句常涉及的类型,4.倒装句类类型1）only/notonly/nor/neither在句首2）介词短语在句首较难Example:Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.找主语alongwith-prepthem-objectiveformso,socialmobility后面两个同位语Tips:分析词性找出谓语与主语，将主语调至谓语之前再理解文章。,长难句涉及的类型,5.强调句型Itisthat应对方法：多训练，熟悉句式，把读到过的四级文章中的所有的看不懂的长难句全部总结起来，摘抄到一个本子上面，翻译。当翻译到100句的时候，会发现长难句不过那么五六种。当看到101句的时候，你会马上给它归类。,考题要求,深度阅读中篇章阅读考查考生要点（大纲决定考点）1掌握主旨要义2了解文中具体信息3根据所读材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申4理解作者的意图、观点或态度5依据上下文推测生词的词义，理解个别（重点）句子的含义,速度要求,70w/m300350words8m/pInfact,只需读懂70%2030sentences/article5Qs1-2sen.s/Q2/3sentences没考到（慧眼时才，学会跳读，该略的略。）必读内容1.作者的观点判断是否为作者观点的标准：A。语句位置是否靠前靠前寻找B.用语是否抽象概括-闭上眼睛无法联想到现实生活中某个实际事物的词。2.首段，尾段，首尾句特别注意转折词略过内容：1.支持观点的例证和细节（位置通常靠后）2.（），-内的内容3.人名后的修饰,阅读训练方法,平时多做泛读练习以提高阅读速度1.英文原版材料（作者）2.适合自己水平的材料名著的简易读本3.国内杂志中的英文材料英语世界海外沙龙四步阅读法1.浏览文章，抓住大意看懂文章主题句，段落主题句2.猜词（词性，感情色彩，所处语境，所搭配的介词）3.精读查词，摘抄长难句并翻译一天一篇就足够4.换位思考与作者换位，如果我是作者，该如何写这篇文章。Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteria(细菌)inthemouth,althoughtherearetoher,moresurprisingcauses.A.thriveonB.accountforC.originatefromD.descendfrom,篇章阅读方法,整体阅读法（先看文章后做题）优点：全局感或整体感缺点：记不住细节，找答案费时间查找阅读法（适合段落较多文章）读完第一段做第一题，做完第一题读第二题，带着问题去读第二段优点：符合题文同序的出题原则缺点：不适合主旨题和全文态度题两者结合：1.略读全文，把握文章大意2m(将注意力放在文章的主题句、关键词等部分。其余内容如具体论述、细节、数字等则可以跳过不读。)2.根据题干中的关键词定位原文3.以原文为依据，进行同义替换、判断推理。2+4+4略读文章读题干（选项）做题,命题考点及规律,1、列举处常考列举处指的是First,，second,，Third,等逐步列出，然后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是细节事实题。,命题考点及规律,例1.原文：Thethirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:firstly,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlydoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Q:Whatsthepolicemansbiggestheadache?(A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.(B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.(C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases.(D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.(分析：选A。属事实细节题。依据文章，与电影中的警察很不相同的是，现实中警察既要绝对遵守法（firstly,）,又要及时破案（secondly,）,这令他们很难两头兼顾，有时只有犯规。很明显，B、C、D三项都与文章内容不符。),命题考点及规律,2.强调处、绝对处、最高处theonlyonly在句首做状语Itisthatmustall,anyone,never,most,sole,just,simply,unique08.666612010.658best2010.661only,命题考点及规律,3、举例子打比喻的地方常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,asanillustration,thatis,tonameafew,asfollows等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实性”题型和“推断性”题型出现，但偏倾于“推断性”题型。关注其前或后总结性的句子.答案基本符合“中心思想即是答案的解题思路”,命题考点及规律,4.特殊标点处破折号，冒号，引号等作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多以“推理性”题为主，有时也出“细节事实性”题型。例Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrewupandleavehomewhentheyre18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,“sayssociologistLarryBumpersoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Q:TherewasapparentlyatrendintheUSA_,命题考点及规律,5、转折处与强对比处常考however,nevertheless,incontrast,otherwise,ontheotherhand,bycomparison,but,yet,while,although,whereas,evenif,likewise,similarly,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,asif,as2010.659,命题考点及规律,6.主题句处段首段尾处主旨题、态度题较多7.因果关系处信号词forthisreason,for,as,because,since,asaresultof,owingto,thanksto,dueto,asaresult,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so,命题考点及规律,8.定义结论处Inmyopinion,myviewis,asIsee,conclude通常考查文章的中心观点或引用的观点9.数字年代处关注数字、年份常出现于细节题,命题考点及规律,10.复杂句常考复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。一般来说，备选项的长度不会超过15个单词，这就意味着长难句中的大部分信息只是起干扰作用。要找到真正与答题相关的信息，关键在于根据题干信息在长难句的内部进行定位，然后从备选项中找出意思一致的答案。,Example,Butmyownworryislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.32.Theauthorsbiggestconcernis_.Concern-worrybiggestlessthanD.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass.skillactofreading,正确答案特征,(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项这些语气词有：must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。例(1)Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat_A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant.B.peoplestraditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue.C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs.D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime.(分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有haveto，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。),正确答案特征,（二）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有：can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数)，moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。例（1）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves_AAmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsononessocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica(分析：选项B中often一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。),正确答案特征,（三）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。例（1）AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_AareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflifeB.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficitC.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperlyD.cangetby(应对)on6.5hoursofsleep(分析：答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。B项中有often一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。),正确答案特征,（四）较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。例（1）whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?AMusicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.B.Musiccantbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitsrecorded.C.Folksongscantbespreadunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheet.D.thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.(分析：根据短文内容可以看出，A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。),正确答案特征,（五）选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。Eg.FromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsoneAtobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskill（分析：题意是从文中看出员工素质有助于人们.。B解决技术问题；C深化专业；D项发展职业技能。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。）,正确答案特征,（六）选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。例（2）Raisingchildren,intheauthorsopinion,is_.AamoraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain（分析：题目问的是，“依作者观点，抚养孩子是”。依据我们日常生活所闻所见，抚养孩子就是A.“一种道德责任”B.“不求回报的工作”。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务，是天经地义的。这两项太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C项“有回报的任务，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。D项有inevitable一词，语气太绝对化，故排除掉。）,正确答案特征（总结）,1.经常与中心有关2.位置：和复杂句，长难句，转折句有关，或是段首句、段尾句09.1586208.6576508.6636408.158613.原则：同义替换正话反说反话正说09.1626608.6654.语气：不肯定语气词委婉表达用词Maymightpossiblenotnecessarily5.具有概括性和深刻性08.1622010.6Passage.2,Samplepassage09.1,Ifyouareamaleandyourereadingthis,congratulations:youaresurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,youremorethantwiceslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyounaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youlldieonaveragefivesyearsbeforeawoman.,Samplepassage09.1,Thereremanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandasmorelikelytodrinkandsmoke-butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendontgotothedoctor.“Menarentseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.,Samplepassage09.1,TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmokerscoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysayhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedforlungcancer,”hesays.”Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolonged(延长)hislife.”,Samplepassage09.1,Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%womenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmethinktheyreinvincible(不可战胜的)”。Gullottasays.“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim”,Samplepassage09.1,Thentherestheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Carmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.,Samplepassage09.1,Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Carmillsays.“Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itscalledprematuredeath.”,Samplepassage09.1,57.whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthispassage?Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasetoday.Theyaveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.TheyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticleTheyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife.,58.whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.Mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen.B.MendontseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.Menaretascautiousaswomeninfaceofdanger.D.Menaremorelikelytosufferfataldiseases.,59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,”(Line2,para.8)Itcouldhappentome,too.IshouldavoidplayinggolfIshouldconsidermyselfluckyItwouldbeabigmisfortune.60.WhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(Line1,para.9),AcasualattitudetowardsoneshealthconditionsAnewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsRefusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved.Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutonesdiseasebecauseoffear.61.WhatdoseCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?Theymayincreaspublicexpenses.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunTheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenTheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen,篇章阅读要求,题型介绍事实细节题推理判断题语义理解题主旨大意题观点态度题,事实细节题通常从一个句子中找到答案,提问方式：灵活多样，涉及短文的各种细节，如时间地点原因结果方式等理解要点：具体信息和概念性含义解题步骤：定位分析和选项分析,事实细节题,步骤：1.准确定位1）关键词-A。专有名词（人名，地名）B。比较明显的描述性词汇C。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。D.特殊印刷字体及其同义替换Eg.1Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_.原文：Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.Onesphysicalassetsdontcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.（makeeverydaycount）Eg.2Theauthorendsthepassagewiththeimplicationthat_.Starts.Why-middle(putforwardquestion-analyze-solve)solutionend2)顺序定位例：36.。theyears1976-197837.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis(theUS整个选材依据，不能作为关键词).38.Thesentence“”(Line4,Para2),事实细节题,2.选项分析同义替换（很少原文照搬）B.apersonsoutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification.排除干扰项-联系主题,事实细节题,干扰项特征：1）偷梁换柱越像的越不对十个单词有九个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。2）他处细节Theideaof“improvementfactor”(para.3line8)impliesroughly:A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice(P.3,L.7)B.(P.3,L.8)C.(P.3,L2)D.(P.2,L6)距离远的免谈。A,C.D,细节题的常考点,举例、列举处。关键词：forexample,suchas,firstly,ontheotherhand,inadditionnotonlybutalso例证题example看不懂没关系，收索例证周围区域，10%向下，90%向上Eg.ItiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceOnething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudontatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincrease.ConsiderBethsstory:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidntaskforit.58.WhatcanbeinferredfromBethsstory?A.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforitl,细节题的常考点,特殊标点处如引号、冒号、破折号08.1642007.1622006.6652006.16207.1原文Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease-especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehavior,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson_.A.keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB.MonitoringpatientsbodyfunctionsC.Removingpeoplesbadlivinghabits.D.Ensuringpeoplespsychologicalwell-being.,细节题的常考点,指代关系关键词如：it,thatthesethosethey08.157例：08.1原文Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning.Andamongthelargerschools,itscloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaventheardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,statisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestuniversityinthecountry.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B.Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C.Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.D.Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.,事实细节题,转折、对比之后的观点。关键词：but,however,rather,yet,instead09.158,616263.2010.60，62。08.6原文whenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacymostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingitButpeoplesayonethinganddoanother,OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.强调处only08.66608.159比较处morethanless.thanmost07.660,事实细节题,强调处only08.66608.159(primarily)例08.6原文Butprivacydoesmatteratleastsometimes.Itslikehealth;whenyouhaveit,youdontnoticeit.Onlywhenitsgonedoyouwishyouddonemoretoprotectit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat_.Peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.Itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood.Itssomethingthatcaneasilybelost.Peopledontcherishituntiltheyloseit.,事实细节题,比较处morethanless.thanmost07.66009.161原文：(10.12)Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou(一切对你不利),marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaitehasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Q.LindaWaitesstudiessupporttheideathat_.C.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth.,事实细节题,事实细节题关键词：同义替换对四级细节题的总结：1、答案不跨段。2、90%根据关键词定位。10%利用题目的顺序。3、考点不重复。,推理判断题,这类题不会直接出现在文中，需根据字里行间的含义通过逻辑推理来判断判断方式判断内容1上下文的连贯1原因结果观点立场2有关部分暗示2数字知道逻辑标准问题：1whatconclusioncanbedrawnforthepassage？2Fromthepassagewecanconclude-3Wecaninferfromthepassage-4Thepassageseemstoindicatethat-5whichofthefollowingistruefromthepassage-,推理判断题,tips:1.1）通过题干返回原文2）根据选项返回原文(题干中无具体的关键词)2.一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理，如文章主题，段落主题。根据原文意思进行判断。若有一选项与原文意思一模一样，必定是正确答案。（意思而不是表达方式一模一样。表达方式通常是同义词替换）3。不要想得太多，推得过远，关键是理解原文。,推理的两点总结：,conclude1、如果该词在第一题，通常考文章主题。2、如果该词在中间题，通常考中间段落的主题。3、如果该词在第五题，通常考文章主题或者最后一段的主题。infer1、如果用该词提问的题目，题干的信息比较多，比较具体，则利用细节题的方法来解。2、如果题干的信息不多，不具体，则利用文章主题或段落主题找答案。例06.1原文Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheycouldntgetthejobdone.59.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_.PeoplewhocantgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestressDoingchallengingworkmaybegoodforoneshealth.Stresswillweakenthebodysdefenseagainstgerms.Peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory.06.661Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagra