牛津译林版8bunit7被动语态讲解与练习

8B被动语态讲解与练习一、概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换。主动语态变为被动语态口诀: 主变宾，宾变主，谓语变be done ,时不变,“be”要随着主语变.三、各种时态的被动语态的构成1.一般现在时：主语+be（is/am/are）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态 People use knives for cutting things._ They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou._ They speak English in Canada._ They grow rice in South China._ Peopleusemetal(金属)formakingmachines._ Where do people plant the trees?_2. 一般过去时：主语+be（was/were）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态 Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight._ My sister took these photos on the Great Wall. _ They built many tall buildings in their hometown last year._ When did you invent the strange machine?_3. 一般将来时：主语+will+ be(不变形) +过去分词done+其它或主语+be going to+ be(不变形) +过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态 They will build another bridge in the city next year._ Will you hold a sports meeting in your school next Friday?_a sports meeting _in our school next Friday ? They are going to invite a lot of pop stars to the charity show this evening.A lot of pop stars _to the charity show this evening. We are not going to hold a parents meeting tomorrow.A parents meeting _tomorrow.4. 含情态动词：主语+情态动词+be（不变形）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态 Amy can take good care of Tina._ Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages._ Theyshouldcollectmoneyfortheproject._ Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays._ Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.四、使用被动语态的注意点：1.感官动词、使役动词等在主动语态中后接不带to动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上“to” 即：-see/hear/notice sb. do sth.变为了sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth.-let/make/have sb. do sth.变为了sb. be let/made/had to do sth. 把下列句子改为被动语态 The boss makes the workers work all day. _ I often hear her sing in the room. _ Isawhimenterthereading roomyesterdayafternoon._ Danielsawtheboyrunyesterday._2.常见变被动的表达see sb. doing sb. be seen doinghear sb. doing sb. be heard doingwatch sb. doin sb. be watched doingnotice sb. doing sb. be noticed doingtell sb. to do sb. be told to doask sb. to do sb. be asked to doinvited sb. to do sb. be invited to do把下列句子改为被动语态 We saw them playing soccer over there._ He asked me to buy some sugar._3.含有双宾语的主动、被动转换主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)主语(sb) +be done+直接宾语(sth)+by sb主语(sth) +be done+to/for+间接宾语(sb)+by sb把下列句子改为被动语态 We gave our teachers some flowers. Our teachers_Some flowers_ My mother will buy me a new coat. I _A new coat_ LilysentmeaNewYearcardlastweek.I _A new card _4.主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。要整体搬迁。把下列句子改为被动语态 They look after the girl well._ He often laughs at the poor boy._五、几种不用被动语态的情况：1.不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态, 直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear,etc.用括号所给动词翻译句子这台电脑花了我5000元。(cost)_昨天他发生了一起事故。(happen) _他爷爷3年前去世了。(die)_2.一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，没有被动结构, 直接用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： take place, set out, come true, break out, break down, come out, belong to 等用括号所给动词翻译句子 我校运动会将在下周举办。(take place)_我的自行车坏了。（break down 完成时）_I hope that your dream _ (come ) true in the future.3.系动词（linking V）没有被动语态（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等）用括号所给动词翻译句子这食物尝起来味道很好。(taste) _他的主意听起来不错。(sound) _她的新裙子摸起来很柔软。(feel) _4.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当他们与well, badly, easily等副词连用时表示主语内在品质或性能，无被动形式。 常见的动词有read/write/draw/sell/wash/cook/clean等用括号所给动词翻译句子书很好卖。(sell) _区别：书在这家商店被卖出。_这笔写起来很顺滑。(write，smoothly) _这衣服很好洗。(wash) _六、综合练习A.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 (请注意时态和语态两个方面)1.Itssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge_（build）intwomonths2.Whichlanguage_themostwidely_（speak）intheworld？3.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees_（cut）down4.Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.5.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.6.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_(sell)inthisshop.7.What_knives_(make)of?They_(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.8.Canthemagazine_(take)outofthelibrary?9.Theroom_(clean)bymeeveryday.10.Thestarscant_(see)inthedaytime.11.Theflowers_(water)byLiMingyesterday.12.Thiskindofshoes_(sell)well.13.Howlong_youruncle_(be)inthecity?14.Thefood_(smell)delicious.15.Look!Someone_(dance).B.按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_people_teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent_bymyparentseveryyear3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How_theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.5.Peopleusemetalformaki