高考英语短文改错专题教学课件

Inoureverydaylives,ifwemakesomemistakes,weshouldcorrectthem,andthenwearestillagoodfellow.ChairmanMaoswords,解题规律方法,纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：一.考生的英语基础知识不扎实.二.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.,一、命题特点和高考概况：1、“短文改错”主要考查学生对英语语言运用的准确性。短文往往选用一篇130个词左右2、近两年的高考试题中“短文改错”主要是学生在日常学习中的常见错误，词汇、语法、语篇理解行文逻辑以及惯用法的错误。3、命题的总原则是要求学生能够整篇理解，分行识错，从错误的类型看可分为对、错、加、减四个方面，即，正确打，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要求以规范的符号进行表示。1对:3缺/加:6改1对：1缺：1加：7改,那么，做短文改错题有哪些规律和方法呢？平时学习应注意做到以下几点：1.广泛阅读，增强语感，注重语篇的整体把握提高语言知识运用的准确性.2.规范使用常用的词语和习语.3.注重基础知识和基本技能。(基础语法)错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误。改错训练和书面表达训练结合（NC2改错和仿写）.多接触正确的内容，练习改错时间应适量.,临场应试技巧:“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”三歩：1.Nocontext,notext.通读全文，掌握大意。2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系.3.复读全文，验证答案.六原则：1.一行一错,在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词（n./v./adj./adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等).5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.,短文改错应注意的问题,四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。,Dontforget!,四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率,短文改错打油诗,短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错/多/少”。动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。“1126”惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。,改错方式比例：通常一个正确，一个多词，两个缺词，六个错词,动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词、短语要牢记,ALimerick,代词格，细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注,一、动词形,1.时态错误。(过去时/现在时)08IwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweekItis5yearsnowsinceIgraduatefrom08辽宁Thetimepassesquickly.02,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.06-2butItriedtoactasifnothinghashappened(07福建)Whentheycamehere,Iwillshowthem08四川2.语态错误。(Vi/linking-verb.)theanimalweredisappearedfromthehouse.IinvitedtotalkaboutTianjin.Afterthattheyaskedme(08天津),3.主谓不一致(people,cattle,police;neithernor,notonlybut,eitheror，therebe;except,with,aswellas,including;)ofwinningtheprize.Whatwerebetter,Ihaduseful(10)thekangaroowerefree,itjumpedupandranaway(07四川)Sodoourfriend,Cathy.Augustisthebesttime(08福建)(08安徽)Oneday,whilemyfriendandIwastravelingtherearenoneedtospendmoney.04-24.缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）Sheafraidofstayingathomealone.,4.非谓语错用（谓语和非谓语的错用；V-ing和V-ed混用；to的多用，少用或误用）Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwas(06全国2)Myfatherwassopleasingthat(08)Iknockedatthedoorandwasdelighting05江西Yes,aconcertcanbeveryexcited(04-2)Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeas(04-2)Thecrowdwasverysurprisedseethis(06-2),sowellhaveplentyofsparetimevisitthearea(06福建)Iwilldomybesttohelpmaking(05-2)Iwouldfinish300envelopsandtoearnthemoney.(08浙江),5.固定搭配(1）Vi/Vt混用结合Prep./adv.考Theysurvivedfromtheearthquake.serveforsb./returnback/repeatagainLucyagreedtomarrytoTom.Eveningcamedown.Wespentthenightin02(2)固定用法oftendreamedoftalkfacetoface(08)Heagreedtoreadingmystory(10)Imwritingtoaskyoucometo(06浙江)areworththinkof,suchas(08重庆)ThoughIhaddifficultywalkbackto(07福建)Wedbetternottofinishthechance.(08重庆)方法：一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词,二名词数(1)U.N./C.N.混用advicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.(10)furniture,fun,knowledge,news,progress,information,weather,homeworketc.(2)C.N.单独使用加冠词/名词改复数TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanliving(10)Oneday,theschoolhadparty,where(08天津)forhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest(08)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.(02)(3)所有格（形近词混用）Wetookourholidayatmyuncle,解决方法:看修饰语(07福建)ManyofmyclassmatethrewmeupintotheairBothmyparentmissyoualot(08福建)看主谓一致(05)ThereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhileC.N.不单独使用Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountain(02)根据实际情况判断单复数Ilookedathisotherhands(07)固定搭配Butoneandahalfyear(05-2)Itwillbeabigsurprisingforthem(08四川)shakehands;makefriends;inruins;goodmanners;difficult-difficulty;,三形容词和副词常见错误(1)形容词和副词的混用Whichallsaiditwasaterriblyone!.(08陕西)Mypronunciationwasterribly.(05-2)IfeltsadlyIlearntalesson(08天津)visitusassoonaspossibly.(06浙江)Iwilllearnmoreaboutitasgoodas(08-2)Icantuseitverygood.(08天津)Iwouldeasyfinish300envelops.(08浙江)Shecalled119immediate.(04福建),(2)不同级(原级/比较级/最高级)及其修饰词的混用.ThesearethehappiergirlsIveeverseen.(07-2)The2menthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.(06-2)Youarealotoftallerthanme.(3)近义词或形近词的误用.(hard/hardly;right/rightly;close/closely,free/freely,high/highly,most/mostly；near/nearly/nearby;late/later/latter/lately）tryingveryhardlytogettrainticketstogohome(08四川)thebuswilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.(04-3),四、代词格,人称、性、数格（主格/宾格，物主代词，反身代词）前后一致(偷换)Ibelieveyoupersonalexperiencewillbealotbetter.(09浙江)Wecantellothersourneedforhelpandaccepthishelp.07福建Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.06-2Iwokeupandfoundmestillinbed.07浙江Weoftenplayatrickonhimself.05江苏Youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.04湖北,2.both,all,either,neither,none,each,others/theothers;something/anything;this/these/that/those/itIhopeIcanbeabridgebetweenChinaandotherscountries.08天津writingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.08thatIdidanythingspecialtoexpressmythanks.08四川someareplayingcardsandtheothersaresingingordancing.3.形近词whose和whos，its和itsWehavebeenlearningaboutitsculture(06浙江),五连词conj.1.并列连词（1）逻辑关系and,or,but,soALLIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.(10)Thefoodwasveryexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.(02)Istilldidnttellanyonebutevenrefusedtheofferofhelp(07福建)（2）平行结构，前后一致(08浙江)IwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietlyIwassoencouragedthatIranfasterandfasttill07浙江IamthinkingofmakingatripandvisittheBritish04-2,2.从属连词(换行)。3大从句的连词错用，多用(定从;although/but;because/so;if/and/or)或少用。theresjustachancewhichIcanjoinit.(06福建,同下)Everybodysleepsintents,thatisexciting.Hewouldntgotoseeaplaythatnoonelikedit.(08陕西)SinceyouhavevisitedGreeceseveraltimes,soIwouldliketoknow06浙江Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.(10)Itwasalmostnoonwewereatthefootof02,3.近义(but/however;so/therefore；because/becauseof)，形近词和固定搭配。Thefarmerwasworriedbecauseofhiswalletwasinthepocket.(07四川)TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldown.(07福建)However,whileJohnwentbackhome,theticketswerestillthere.(08陕西)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.(02)orpracticingmyEnglishaswell.(08)方法：英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用连词.IhavealreadystudiedEnglishfor8years,Icantuseit(08天津),六冠词a/an/the错用(名词已讲过)Ihadainterestingdreamlastnight.07浙江IllhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.(04-3)2.固定搭配Asresult,thehurt07福建Inthefact,thereare4tickets08陕西七介词1.与动词的搭配。(动词已讲过)2.固定搭配ItwasachancetowinthefirstprizeontheStoryWritingShow(10)IcouldntexplainthemwithEnglish.08天津Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourself08同下Ihavejustgotsomegoodnewstotelltoyou.tillIcaughtuptheotherrunners07浙江,八一致性时态一致(前后一致和特殊语境:主将从现/虚拟)2.主谓一致（注意定从和强调和非谓语作主语）Johnisataxidriverwholovegoing08陕西ItsIthatisyourtruefriend.3.指代一致(前后性数格一致)4.平行一致(并列连词前后词性/结构一致)5.逻辑一致（and/or/but/so转换；not的增与减；come-go,here-there,up-down)ImustworkhardsothatIwillnotbeabletocommunicatefreelywithforeigners.(08天津)Theairwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.(06-2),对策,Practicemakesperfect.,熟能生巧,1.浏览全文，读懂大意。2.题从行出，错由句生。必须以句为单位来改错，有些错误要根据上下文，甚至从整篇短文出发才能改出来。（指代和逻辑）,AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychooseabigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!Theyputtheminthecornerofthesittingroom.JimwascovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.Thesittingroomlookedreallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewasafireburninginthefireplace,buttheChristmastreelightswereshinningbrightly.Jimandhisparentssinginganddancinghappily.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,AtChristmasEve,Jimwentwithhis1._fathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychoose2._abigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!3._Theyputtheminthecornerofthesitting4._,_,on,_,chose,_,tall,_,it,动词形,介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,room.Katewascovereditwithalotof5._Christmaslight.Thesittingroomlooked6._reallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewas7._afireburninginthefireplace,buttheChristmas8._treelightswereshinningbrightly.Jimandhis9._parentssinginganddancinghappily.10._,_,lights,_,beautiful,_,and,were,动词形,还要注意形和副,动词形,名词数,冠词连词须关注,Aplanewaslateanddetectiveswerewaitingintheairportallmorning.TheywereexpectingavaluableparcelofdiamondfromSouthAfrica.Afewhoursearlier,someonehadtoldthepolicethatthieveswilltrystealthediamonds.Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainlybuildingwhiletheotherswerewaitingontheairfield.2mentooktheparcelofftheplaneandcarrieditintotheCustomsHouse.Whiletheywaskeepingguardatthedoor,twoothersopenedtheparcel.Tohissurprise,thepreciousparcelwasfullofstonesandsand!,Aeroplaneareslowlydrivingmemad.Iliveneartheairportand1.passingplanescanbeheardnightandday.Theairportisbuilt2yearsago,butofsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen.3lastyear,therefore,itcameintouse.Overahundred4ofpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhouses5bythenoise.Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft.Sometimes6Ithinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassedplane.I7havebeenofferedalargenumberofmoneytogoaway,but8Iamdeterminedstayhere.EverybodysaysImustbemadand9theyareprobableright.(L21)10,Laterintheafternoon,theboysputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.1._Assoonasthisdone,theycookedamealoveranopenfire.Theywere2._allhungryandthefoodsmellgood.Afterawonderfulmeal,theytold3._storiesandsangsongsinthecampfire.Butsometimeslateritbeganto4._rain.Theboysfelttiredandtheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.5._Theirsleepingbagswerewarmandcomfortable,sotheybothslept6._Soundly.Inthemiddleofthenight,twoboyswakenupandbeganto7._Shout.Thetentwasfilledofwater!Theyallleaptoutoftheirsleeping8._Bagsandhurriedoutside.Itwasrainingheavyandtheyfoundthata9._Streamformedinthefield.Thestreamwounditswayacrossthefield10._andthenflowedrightunderthetent.,Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,Ifindthat76._TheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinginhaschanged77._alot.TheSichuanRestaurantandtheolderfishshop78._acrossthestreetfromourmiddleschoolweregone.79._Thereexistnowaparkthathasasmallriverrunning80._through.ThefactoryatthecomerofFriendshipStreetand81._ZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andsports82.centerhasbeenbuiltintheirplace.Themarketatthecornerof8FriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwayto84._asupermarket.Besidesthebookstorenexttoourmiddle85._schoolisstillthere.(09),NMET2000Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比赛)Englishteacher1._talkedtome.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateall2._wishedmesuccess,butitdidntmatterthatIwould3._winornot.WhenIwasonthestagethenextday,Ifeltso4._nervousasIshooklikealeaf.Thereweresomanypeople5._present!Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherin6._thecrowd.Shewassmilingbutnoddingtome.Iremembered7._herwordsandcalmdown.Ididagoodjobandwonthefirst8._prize.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.9._WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.10._,my,_,schoolmates,_,whether,_,that,a,_,and,_,calmed,_,are,often,2001,Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters.inanotherotherwords,Iamanonlychild.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.Dotheyreallyunderstandtheirowndaughter?Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.,返回,NMET2001PassagecorrectingLikemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnor76_sisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.Myparents77_lovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesure78_thatIgetagoodeducation.Theydidnotwantmetodo79_anyworkatfamily.Theywantmetodevoteallmytimeto80_mystudiessothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.We81_maybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedo82_notseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.Itlooks83_asifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.Dothey84_reallyunderstandtheirowndaughter?Whatthingsarein85_otherhomes,Iwonder.,in,2003NMETWhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,Iranintomanydifficulties.Themainproblem76._wasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseand77._triedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.My78._teacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.Ifol-79._lowedheradviceandshouldputdown10080._wordsorsoeachday.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningto81._expressmeinsimpleEnglish.OnedayI82._wrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.83._Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittothe84._class.Allsaidthestorywasagoodone.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementto85._me.,everything,a,should,talking,myself,it,read,words,2004年高考卷改错题答案及答题模式,YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminuteontheInternet.ItslikegoingtoaHugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindYourbooks.Recentlyeventhough,manypeoplehavebeendiscussingthedangersoftheInternet.TheyhavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.ButnotallInformationaregoodtosociety.Forexample,youcanfindsuchinformationlikehowtokillpeople.Theproblemwillbecomemoreseriousinthefuture.,1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._,（2004全国卷I）DearRalphImanewcomerhereofasmalltown.Iwould1.describemyselfasshyandquietly.Beforemyclassmates,2.itseemsalwaysdifficultformetodothingswellas3.them.Imsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeas4.afool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.Besides,Ihavefewfriends.Idontknowthatthey6.dontliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangerat8.once.Iamtryingtoimprovethesituationsinceitdoesnt9.seemtowork.CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo?10.,from,quiet,at,strangers,but,talk,why,as,介词错用,Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile76._studyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthat77._theycanearnmoney.Forthemostpart,78._studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown79._use.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthem80._tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.81._Theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsfor82._moneyorforpermissiontodothingsby83._themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave84._upforourcollegeorfutureuse.85_05,advantages,is,work,allows,not,their,with,Wehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayed76.inaBbutawisemantrieshisbesttocorrecthiserrors.愚蠢的人总是为自己的错