《红字》讲解.ppt

,MyintroductionofTheScarletLetter,-Phoebe,Basicframework,1.Backgroundinformation2.Author3.Mainidea4.Characters5.Differentthemes6.Figuresofspeech7.Myopinions,Thegrass-plotbeforethejail,inPrisonLane,onacertainsummermorning,notlessthantwocenturiesago,wasoccupiedbyaprettylargenumberoftheinhabitants居民ofBoston;allwiththeireyesintentlyfastenedontheiron-clampedoakendoor.Amongstanyotherpopulation,oratalaterperiodinthehistoryofNewEngland,thegrimrigiditythatpetrifiedthebeardedphysiognomiesofthesegoodpeoplewouldhaveauguredsomeawfulbusinessinhand.,Ineithercase,therewasverymuchthesamesolemnityofdemeanouronthepartofthespectators;asbefitted适合于apeopleamongstwhomreligionandlawwerealmostidentical同一的,andinwhosecharacterbothweresothoroughlyinterfused,thatthemildestandtheseverestactsofpublicdisciplinewerealikemadevenerableandawful.Meagre,indeed,andcold,wasthesympathythatatransgressormightlookfor,fromsuchbystandersatthescaffold.无论属于哪种情况，围观者总是摆出分毫不爽的庄严姿态；这倒十分符合早期移民的身分，因为他们将宗教和法律视同一体，二者在他们的品性中融溶为一，凡涉及公共纪律的条款，不管是最轻微的还是最严重的都同样今他们肃然起敬和望而生畏，确实，一个站在刑台上的罪人能够从这样一些旁观看身上谋得的同情是少而又少、冷而又冷的。,h,NathanielHawthorneisoneofthemosttalentedAmericannovelistsandstorywritersoftheRomanticAge.HewasthefirstAmericanromanticwriterwhoinitiated开创anewtraditioninAmericanliteraturewhichiscalledSymbolicRomance.TheScarletLetterwaswrittenbyNathanielHawthorne（18041864）inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.,ThenovelisaboutatragedylovestoryhappenedonNewEngland.TheheroineHesterPrynnemarriedtheoldRogerChillingworthwhowasaphysician.Therewasnolovebetweenthem.Hesterwastrappedinloneliness,soshefellinlovewiththepastorMr.dimmesdaleandgavebirthtotheirdaughterPearl.Shewaspunishedinpublicandwornthescarletletter“A”asasymbolof“Adultery”通奸.SincesherefusedtotellthegovernorwhowasPearlsfather.Thepastorsufferedfromthepsychologicaltorment,finallyhecouldntbeartheblameofhisheartandheadmittedhisguilt,thendeadinHestersembrace.ButtheRogerchillingworthwastherealsinnerledtothetragedy.,HesterPrynne,Theyoungwomanwastall,withafigureofperfecteleganceonalargescale.Shehaddarkandabundanthair,soglossythatitthrewoffthesunshinewithagleam,andafacewhich,besidesbeingbeautifulfromregularityoffeatureandrichnessofcomplexion,hadtheimpressivenessbelongingtoamarkedbrowanddeepblackeyes.Shewasladylike娴熟高贵的,too,afterthemannerofthefemininegentility文雅ofthosedays;characterisedbyacertainstateanddignity,ratherthanbythedelicate,evanescent,andindescribablegrace优雅,whichisnowrecognisedasitsindication那年轻妇女身材颀长，体态优美之极。她头上乌黑的浓发光彩夺目，在阳光下说说熠熠生辉。她的面孔不仅皮肤滋润、五官端正、容貌秀丽，而且还有一对鲜明的眉毛和一双漆黑的深目，十分楚楚动人。就那个时代女性举止优雅的风范而论，她也属贵妇之列；她自有一种端庄的风韵，并不同子如今人们心目中的那种纤巧、轻盈和不可言喻的优雅。.,Itwasperceived认识到,too,thatwhileHesterneverputforwardeventhehumblesttitletoshareintheworldsprivileges-furtherthantobreathethecommonair,andearndailybreadforlittlePearlandherselfbythefaithfullabourofherhands-shewasquicktoacknowledgehersisterhoodwiththeraceofman,wheneverbenefitsweretobeconferred给予.Nonesoreadyasshetogiveofherlittlesubstancetoeverydemandofpoverty;eventhoughthebitter-heartedpauperthrewbackagibeinrequitalofthefoodbroughtregularlytohisdoor,orthegarmentswroughtforhimbythefingersthatcouldhaveembroideredamonarchsrobe.Nonesoself-devotedasHester,whenpestilencestalkedthroughthetown.人们也注意到：海丝特除去呼吸共同的空气，并用双手一丝不苟的劳作为她自已和小珠儿挣得每日的面包之外，对分享世上的特权连最卑微的要求都从不提出；反之，一有施惠于人的机会，她立即承认她与人类的姊妹之情。对于穷苦人的每一种需要，她比谁都快地就提供了她菲薄的支援；尽管那些心肠狠毒的穷人对她定期送到门口的食物或她用本可刺绣王袍的手指做成的衣物，竟会反唇相讥。在镇上蔓延瘟疫的时候，谁也没有海丝特那样忘我地献身。,Hermother,incontriving设法做到thechildsgarb服装,hadallowedthegorgeoustendenciesofherimaginationtheirfullplay;arrayingherinacrimsonvelvettunic,ofapeculiarcut,abundantlyembroideredwithfantasiesandflourishesofgoldthread.她母亲在给孩子设计服装时呕心沥血，充分发挥了华丽的倾向，用鲜红的天鹅绒为她裁剪了一件式样独特的束腰裙衫，还用金丝线在上面绣满新奇多采的花样。,HestercaughtholdofPearl,anddrewherforciblyintoherarms,confrontingtheoldPuritanmagistratewithalmostafierceexpression.Aloneintheworld,castoffbyit,andwiththissoletreasuretokeepherheartalive,shefeltthatshepossessedindefeasiblerightsagainsttheworld,andwasreadytodefendthemtothedeath.海丝特抓住珠儿，强把她拉进自己的怀里，面对着那几乎是满险凶相的清教徒长官。她被这个世界所抛弃，只剩下孤身一人，只有这一件珍宝才能维持她心灵的生存，她感到她有不可剥夺的权利来对抗这个世界，而且准备好维护自己的权利一直到死。,RogerChillingworth,Thereshebeheldanothercountenance,ofamanwellstrickeninyears,apale,thin,scholar-likevisage,witheyesdimandblearedbythelamplightthathadservedthemtoporeovermanyponderousbooks.她还看到了另一副面孔，那是一个年老力衰的男人的面孔，苍白而瘦削，看上去一副学者模样，由于在灯光下研读一册册长篇巨著而老眼昏花。,Thisfigureofthestudyandthecloister,asHesterPrynneswomanlyfancyfailednottorecall,wasslightlydeformed,withtheleftshoulderatriflehigherthantheright.尽管海丝特白兰那女性的想象力竭力想摆脱他的形象，但那学者和隐士的身影还是出现了：他略带畸形，左肩比右肩稍高。,“Drink,then,”repliedhe,stillwiththesamecoldcomposure.“Dostthouknowmesolittle,HesterPrynne?Aremypurposeswonttobesoshallow?EvenifIimagineaschemeofvengeance复仇,whatcouldIdobetterformyobjectthantolettheelive-thantogivetheemedicinesagainstallharmandperiloflife-sothatthisburningshamemaystillblazeuponthybosom!“那就喝吧，”他回答着，依然冷酷如前，不动声色。“难道你这么不了解我吗，海丝特白兰？我的目标会如此浅薄吗？即使我心里想着复仇的念头，为了达到我的目标；比起让你活着比起给你药吃，让你解除身体的危害以便让这灼热的耻辱可以继续烧烫你的胸膛，难道我还有什么更高明的作法吗？”,Mr.Dimmesdale,Hewasapersonofverystriking突出的aspect,withawhite,lofty高的,andimpendingbrow,large,brown,melancholy忧郁的eyes,andamouthwhich,unlesswhenheforciblycompressedit,wasapttobetremulous,expressingbothnervoussensibilityandavastpowerofself-restraint自制.他有很多突出的外貌，有着高箕、白哲的额头和一双忧郁的褐色大眼，至于他的嘴唇，如果不是紧紧闭着，就会易于颤抖，表明了他既有神经质的敏感又有极大的自制力。,theyoungministeratoncecameforward,pale,andholdinghishandoverhisheart,aswashiscustomwheneverhispeculiarlynervoustemperamentwasthrownintoagitation激动.HelookednowmorecarewornandemaciatedthanaswedescribedhimatthesceneofHesterspublicignominy丑行;andwhetheritwerehisfailinghealth,orwhateverthecausemightbe,hislargedarkeyeshadaworldofpainintheirtroubledandmelancholy忧郁depth.那年轻的牧师马上走上前来，他面色苍氏一只手捂住心口只要他那古怪的神经质一发作，他就会做出这个习惯的动作。他此时的样子，比起上次海丝特示众时我们所描绘的，还要疲惫和憔悴；不管是由于他那每况愈下的健康状况，抑或其它什么原因，他那双又大又黑的眼睛的深处，在烦恼和忧郁之中还有一个痛苦的天地,Attimesthisdeepstrainofpathoswasallthatcouldbeheard,andscarcelyheard,sighingamidadesolatesilence.Butevenwhentheministersvoicegrewhighandcommanding-whenitgushedirrepressiblyupward-whenitassumeditsutmostbreadthandpower,sooverfillingthechurchastoburstitswaythroughthesolidwalls,anddiffuseitselfintheopenair-still,iftheauditorlistenedintently,andforthepurpose,hecoulddetectthesamecryofpain.Whatwasit?Thecomplaintofahumanheart,sorrow-laden,perchanceguilty,tellingitssecret,whetherofguiltorsorrow,tothegreatheartofmankind;beseeching请求itssympathyorforgiveness-ateverymoment-ineachaccent-andneverinvain!Itwasthisprofoundandcontinualundertonethatgavetheclergymanhismostappropriatepower.那低沉而悲怆的旋律时时成为你所能听到的全部声音，隐约地在凄凉的沉默之中哀叹。但是甚至当牧师的声音变得高亢而威严，当他的声音不可遏止地直冲云霄，当他的声音达到了最为宽厚有力的音量，以致要充斥整个教堂，甚至要破壁而出，弥漫到户外的空气之中的时候，如果一个听讲人洗耳恭听，他仍然会由此而得以清晰地分辨出同样的痛苦的呼号。那是什么呢？那是一颗人心的哀怨，悲痛地或许是负疚地向人类的伟大胸怀诉说着深藏的秘密，不管是罪孽还是悲伤；它无时无刻不在通过每一个音素祈求着同情或谅解，而且从来都不是徒劳无益的！牧师正是靠了这种深邃而持续的低沉语调而获得了恰到好处的力量。,Pearl,Howstrangeitseemedtothesadwoman,asshewatchedthegrowth,andthebeautythatbecameeverydaymorebrilliant,andtheintelligencethatthrewitsquivering振动sunshineoverthetinyfeaturesofthischild!当那个凄惨的女人眼睁睁看着她长大，看着她日益增辉添色的娇美，看着她那如颤抖的阳光般笼罩在她小小脸蛋上的智慧的时候，做母亲的感到多么惊诧啊,Itwasalooksointelligent,yetinexplicable,soperverse,sometimessomalicious,butgenerallyaccompaniedbyawildflowofspirits,thatHestercouldnothelpquestioning,atsuchmoments,whetherPearlwasahumanchild.Sheseemedratheranairysprite,which,afterplayingitsfantasticsportsforalittlewhileuponthecottage-floor,wouldflitawaywithamockingsmile.Wheneverthatlookappearedinherwild,bright,deeplyblackeyes,itinvestedherwithastrangeremotenessandintangibility;itwasasifshewerehoveringintheairandmightvanish,likeaglimmeringlight,thatcomesweknownotwhence,andgoesweknownotwhither.那一种神情极其聪慧，又极其费解，极其刚健，有时又极其凶狠，但总是伴随着一种奔放的情绪，令海丝特在此时无法盘洁，珠儿到底是不是一个凡人的子嗣。她更象是个飘忽的精灵，在茅屋的地面上作过一阵奇思异想的游戏之后，使要面带嘲笑地飞走了。每逢她那狂野、明亮、漆黑的眼暗中出现那种神情时，她便蒙上一层远不可及的神秘色彩，仿佛正在空中翱翔，随时都可能消失，就象不知来自何处、去往何方的闪光似的。,DifferentThemes,1.Makeacomplaintagainsttheolddays2.Takekindandevilintoconsideration3.Speakhighlyofwomensresistance,Figuresofspeech,1.Likeallthatpertainsto关于crime,itseemednevertohaveknownayouthfulera时代.,2.Awrithing盘绕horrortwisted扭动itselfacrosshisfeatures容貌,likeasnakegliding滑过swiftly很快地overthem,andmakingonelittlepause,withallitswreathed缭绕，包围intervolutions缠绕,inopensight.,simile,personification,1.一切与罪恶二字息息相关的事物一样，这座监狱似乎从来不曾经历过自己的青春韶华。2.他的面孔上掠过一阵痛苦的恐怖，象是一条蛇在上面迅速蜿蜒，因稍停片刻，而使那盘踞的形体清晰可见。,3.Theyoungdivine神圣的,whosescholar-likerenown名望stilllivedinOxford,wasconsideredbyhismorefervent热心的admirersaslittlelessthanaheavenly-ordained上天任命的apostle信徒,destined注定的,shouldheliveandlabourfortheordinarytermoflife,todoasgreatdeedsforthenowfeeb