高一英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件.ppt

2020/5/20,1,高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件,2020/5/20,2,Therewasanaccidentwhichhappenedtotwostudentsinourschoolyesterdayafternoon.Schoolwasover.MichaelandJackfromGrade1weregoinghomebybike.Theyweretalkingandlaughinghappily.Whentheysawacarpassingby,theystartedtorunafterit.Itwasveryinteresting.Thebusstoppedwhenthetrafficlightturnedred.Thetwostudentscouldntstoptheirbikesintime.MichaelbrokehisleftarmandJackhurthisleg.Ittaughtusalessonthatweshouldbecarefulinthestreet.,语篇引入：,2020/5/20,3,Therewasanaccidentwhichhappenedtotwostudentsinourschoolyesterdayafternoon.Schoolwasover.MichaelandJackfromGrade1wenthomebybike.Theyweretalkingandlaughinghappily.Whentheysawacarpassingby,theystartedtorunafterit.Itwasveryinteresting.Thebusstoppedwhenthetrafficlightturnedred.Thetwostudentscouldntstoptheirbikesintime.MichaelbrokehisleftarmandJackhurthisleg.Ittaughtusalessonthatweshouldbecarefulinthestreet.,语篇引入：,2020/5/20,4,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,演绎语法：,2020/5/20,5,基本句型一主谓结构此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,2020/5/20,6,2020/5/20,7,练习：,1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。4每天八时开始上课。5这个盒子重五公斤。,1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.,2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.,3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,4.Classesbeginateighteveryday.,5.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.,2020/5/20,8,主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.,2020/5/20,9,1.会议有可能开两个半小时.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.2.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.TheschoolwhereIstudyliesbythebeautifullake.3.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.4他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.5.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.Thesleepingbabysmiles.,巩固练习：,2020/5/20,10,英语基本句型-2主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,2020/5/20,11,OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.,Thecaketastesdelicious.,Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.,Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.,Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.,Deepwaterstaysstill.,2020/5/20,12,巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.,Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.,Childrenseldomkeepquiet.,Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.,2020/5/20,13,5他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思,Heisoutofwork.,Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.,Thereportsoundsinteresting,2020/5/20,14,1.AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.,主系表句型的几个特例：,2.Wearegreatlysurprisedtomeethimthere.,3.Itisnotagoodideatospendyourvacationwithstrangers.,4.Itiskindofyoutosayso.,5.Itisnoteasyforthemtogotherebybike.,6.IsitTomwhoisplayingthepiano?,7.Itisafactthattheycantpasstheexam.,2020/5/20,15,英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idontknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaventdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.,2020/5/20,16,巩固练习：,1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？,2020/5/20,17,1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.,2020/5/20,18,6.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.7.Jimcannotdresshimself.8.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.9.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.10.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?,2020/5/20,19,英语基本句型4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,2020/5/20,20,巩固练习：1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,2020/5/20,21,1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?4.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.5.ShallIcallyouataxi?6.Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonthssalary.,2020/5/20,22,英语基本句型5复合宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,2020/5/20,23,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,WecallherAlice.,Allofusconsideredhimhonest.,Theyhavesetthethieffree.,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.,Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.,EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.,Hehashishaircutonceamonth.,Wewontlethergooutatnight.,2020/5/20,24,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.,Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.,Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.,Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.,Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.,Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.,2020/5/20,25,英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.,2020/5/20,26,Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe；thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe.肯定有theremustbe/theremusthavebeen.过去曾经有thereusedtobe似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe,2020/5/20,27,巩固练习：2这个村子过去只有一口井。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。13铃响了。,2020/5/20,28,Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.Theweathermansaystherellbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneion