限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,hetraveledwithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.(Para.1)2.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijing,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhedescribedas“Thegreatestpalacethateverwas”(Para.3)3.TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.(Para.4)4.Hewasalsoconfusedbytheblackstonespeopleusedforfuel.(Para.4),5.However,MarcowasluckytomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.(Para.5)6.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinthebookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneof(Para.5)7.Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue?”,towhichhereplied,“Ihaveonlytoldhalfof”(Para.6),Discussion,Definingrelativeclause,Non-definingrelativeclause,Nocomma,Withcomma,Forward,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。,_,_,Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.,非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：,_,_,a.Helivesinanothertown,whichisonlyaboutanhoursridefromhere.b.Soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.,形式上,意义上,译法上,不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。,用逗号“，”与主句隔开。,是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,译成先行词的定语：“的”,通常译成主句的并列句。,Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?Heisateacherofmuchknowledge，fromwhommuchcanbelearned.,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整),Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。IveinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。,4关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导,关系代词:,关系副词:,who，whom，whose，that，which,when，where，why,关系代词:,关系副词:,who，whom，whose，which,when，where，,Yesterdayheboughtanewcar，whichwasmadeinJapan.(which不可换用that)Hedidntgivethereason，whichexplainedhisabsencefromthemeetingheldlastweek.,5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetherincollege.Sheisnottheone(that)sheusedtobe.,6从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontest，whichwasmorethanweexpected.,含义不同,Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.(只有一个姐姐),Thethief,whofellofftheladder,wasarrestedbythepolice.Thethiefwhofellofftheladderwasarrestedbythepolice.,Thecustomerswhoarrivedafter9werentallowedintothesale.Thecustomers,whoarrivedafter9,werentallowedintothesale.,Westoppedattheonlypubinthevillagewhichhadafrontgarden.Westoppedattheonlypubinthevillage,whichhadafrontgarden.,PracticeA,请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句：1、TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2、Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.3、Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.4、China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,PracticeB,区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）,.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.,所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）,所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）,1、I，_yougoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.,A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoam,D,2、Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhich,D,3、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,_,Ithinkisawisechoice.,A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether,C,4、Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.,A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthat,C,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,解析：定语从句中的先行词为all,none等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which.故选C。,2、Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.,A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all,C,3、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that,C,4、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,解析：stories是定语从句的先行词,同时stories被最高级所修饰，因此选B.,5、Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theone,A,解析：thefactory是定语从句的先行词,用作宾语；从句wevisitedlastyear中visit是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选A.,6、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,解析：thisfactory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是Thisfactory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.Theone中的one指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。,7、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,解析：题中的theschool是定语从句的先行词。in+which=where,因此选D.试比较：Thisschoolis_myfatherworked20yearsago.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhich,B,8、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,解析：theday是定语从句的先行词，shespentinBeijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，theday作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.,9、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,10、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,11、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whom,B,12、Idontliketheway_hespoket