英语简单句的5种基本类型.ppt

简单句的五种基本类型,句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语,主语:一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。Theschoolisfarfromhere.名词做主语Shegoestoschoolbybike.代词做主语Eightisaluckynumber.数词做主语Predictingthefutureisinteresting.动名词做主语Tobeadoctorismydream.不定式短语做主语,谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.LiteachesEnglish.Hecanplaythepiano.MyparentsandIarehavingdinner.,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Yourpenisonthedesk.Hegotveryangry.Mydreamistohavearobot,常见的系动词1.be动词2.与感觉有关的动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等3.表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得”“变成”如get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。,宾语是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.名词做宾语Iwantthree.数词做宾语Ilikegoingshopping.动名词做宾语Wethinkpredictingthefutureishard.宾语从句,宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。充当宾补的有:1.形容词作宾语补足语Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.介词短语作宾语补足语:Ifoundherintheroom.,3.副词作宾语补足语。Pleaselethimin.4.名词作宾语补足语。Wemadehimmonitoroftheclass.5.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。Iaskedhimtocome.,定语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的的)1.形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)Theyhaveacleverson.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.,2.名词作定语:Isitacolorfilm?名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:schoolbus,ticketoffice,paperflowers但也有例外,如:sportsmeeting,clothesshopman和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:mendrivers,womendoctors,3.代词作定语:Thissongisbetterthanthatone.4.数词作定语:Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.atwo-dayholidayathree-year-oldboy,5.副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?6.介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Thestudentsinourclasslikeswimming.,状语修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句,用以说明地点,时间,方式,程度,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步等1.副词作状语:Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.表方式Theboyisveryclever.表程度2.介词短语作状语:IhavelivedinShanghaiforfiveyears.表时间,3.不定式作状语Icomeheretoseeyou.表目的4.现在分词作状语Theteachercamein,holdingabookinhishand.表方式5.状语从句Wellgoshoppingifitdoesntraintomorrow.,状语的位置1.在一般情况下,用于句末。Welikeourschoolverymuch.2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.Iusuallygetupatsix,butthismorningIgotupateight.3.表频度的副词通常用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后,Iusuallygetupearly.Heisoftenlate.一些副词,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末only在句中的位置比较灵活,但位置不同,意义也不同.Theactoronlysangasong.Onlytheactorsangasong.Theactorsangonlyonesong.,两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1.地点状语在前,时间状语在后.(先时间后地点）WewillhaveameetinginRoom202tomorrow.2.较小单位的状语在前,(由小到大)Mr.Lilivesat88ChongwenRd.,Suzhou,Jiangsu.3.一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语,其顺序大都是:程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词Shesangverywellatthemeetinglastnight,时间和地点状语也可以位于句首,表示强调或使上下文更为连贯UsuallyIreadthenewspapersinthemorning,butyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.,预备知识,Subject主语?,Predicate谓语?,Object宾语?,Predicative表语?,FullVerb实义行为动词?,LinkVerb连系动词?,“简单句”,休要担心少要害怕-简单句（SimpleSentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子-它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵,就像俺这样:,Practicemakesperfect!-熟能生巧,按结构分一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成Themanisateacher.主语部分谓语部分Heworkshard.主语部分谓语部分HeteachesEnglishwell.主语部分谓语部分,造句的关键就在于动词一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词(除了省略句外),动词,连系动词主要动词行为动词助动词辅助动词情态动词,be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow变得,不及物动词laugh/smlie/look/listen及物动词see/hear/drank/eat,be(am/is/are/was/were)do/does/didhave/has/hadwill/shall/begoingto,can/may/must/shall/needcould/should/would/mighthave(has)to/hadbetter,系动词,be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow/变得,表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说:连系动词后面的就/才是表语!,Heisaboy.Sheisagirl.Theyarestudents.Theyaregood.Helooks/seemsill.Theappletastesnice.Treesturngreen.Yourideasoundsgood.,主语系动词表语,连系动词,主系表结构（S+V+P）主语+系动词+表语,Mr.Liisagoodteacher.,Themovieisinteresting/wonderful.,Hefeelshungry.,Theflowerlooksbeautiful.,主语Subject:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。也就是动作的发出者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。,谓语Predicate:说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。,宾语Object:表示动作、行为的对象。也就是动作的接受者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。,狗咬人。主语谓语宾语,人咬狗。主语谓语宾语,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/Isawhimlastweek.Weheardthebadnewsyesterday.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Hedrankaglassofmilkjustnow.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:Shelookattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.Theylaughedatusafterthematch.,什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!,Thedoctorlistenedcarefully.,Theworkerranfast.,Theboyisfishing.,Thegirldanceswell.,Theduckisswimming.,Thewomanwalksslowly.,主谓结构（S+V）主语+谓语动词,不及物动词,Helikesbasketballgame.,Heplayscomputergameseveryday.,Heplayedsocceryesterday.,Heisplayingtheguitarnow.,及物动词,主谓宾结构（S+V+O）=主语+谓语+宾语,有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：,他们放风筝。Theyflythekites.,风筝在天上飞。Thekitesflyinthesky.,Hegavemeapresent.,Sheteachesus.SheteachesEnglish.,SheteachesusEnglish.,Shetoldmeastory.,及物动词,主谓双宾结构（S+V+Oi+Od）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有(A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/doHeboughtmeanewbike.也可以改为forsb.的句式Heboughtanewbikeforme.(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/handShelentmeabook.也可以改为tosb.的句式Shelentabooktome.,主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+O.C）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语,Hetoldmetocleanmyroom.,Isawherdancing.,OurteacherasksustoreadEnglisheveryday.,及物动词,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有,let/makesb.dosth.,ask/tell/want/allow/wish/get/sb.todosth.expect/encourage/invite/teach,find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth.sb.doingsth.,helpsb.(to)dosth.,hope和welcome比较特殊我们可以说:Ihopetovisityourschool.Ihopethatyoucanvisitourschool.Iwishyoutovisitourschool.Welcometovisitourschool.Youarewelcometovisitourschool.Welcometoourschool.但不可以说：Ihope/welcomeyoutovisitourschool.,1主系表型Sheisaverygoodgirl.(_语)(_词)(_语)Thegirlisverygood.(_语)(_词)(_语)2主谓型_式:Theylaughed.Thekitesflyinthesky.(_语)(_词)(_语)(_词)_式:Iboughtanewbike.Heplaysvolleyball.(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)(_词)(_语)_式:Shetoldmeastory.Hegavemeagoodbook.(_语)(_词)