商贸信函汉译英PPT课件

1,.,商贸信函汉译英,.,2,商贸信函,商贸信函是指利用信函的方式，通过邮政的渠道，向指定的单位或个人传达商务广告信息，以期达到一定目的信息传播活动。商业信函根据内容分为两类，即广告类商业信函和账单类商业信函，账单类商业信函也可以搭载广告。,.,3,商贸信函的分类,分类：按功能分类询价函Inquiryletters报价函Offerletters确认函Confirmationletters通知函Notificationletters允诺函Approvalletters收款函Collectionletters推销函Salesletters拒绝函Refusalletters索赔与理赔函ClaimsandAdjustmentsletters,.,4,商贸函电的语言特点,商贸函电是一种比较正式的公文体,行文端正,简练,清楚,具体,完整,具有一套独有的词汇和习语,也有独特的表达方式.在措辞上比较婉转，注重礼节，经常使用一些客套语。所以,翻译时要力求作到准确、精练。,.,5,重要的三要素,清楚(clarity)简练(conciseness)礼貌(courtesy),.,6,Clarity,确保你的书信写得很清楚，不会产生误解。如何解释下面一句话：Newbasketshavebeenadoptedforflowersandwearegoingtosendthematonce。因此，对于所写的一切必需检查是否清楚，有一丝怀疑，就应该重写。,.,7,Conciseness简练,清楚和简练形影不离。简练就是以尽可能少的文字表达思想而又不牺牲清楚。简练的信不一定是短信，短信可能是啰嗦的，而长信可能是简练的。,.,8,Compare:,1.WehavereceivedyourletterunderthedateofJune6andhavegivensameourmostcarefulconsideration,butregrettohavetoinformyouthatyourproposalisunacceptabletousatthepresentjuncture.(Wordy)2.WearesorrywecannotatpresentagreetotheproposalmadeinyourletterofJune6.(Concise)力争无废话，只有必须的短语、句子。,.,9,Throughyearsofbusinessdealing,ourcompanyhasformedthepracticethatshirtswhichareexportedtoEuropeancountriesbepackedeitherinbaleslinedwithpolythene,eachcontaining50piecesinonepatternorinplastic-lined,waterproofcartons,reinforcedwithmetalstraps.,.,10,Throughyearsofbusinessdealing,ourcompanyhasformedthefollowingtwopackingpracticesforshirtsexportedtoEuropeancountries.First,packtheminbaleslinedwithpolythene,eachcontaining50piecesinonepattern.Second,packtheminplastic-lined,water-proofcartons,reinforcedwithmetalstraps.,.,11,礼貌,“礼貌是做生意的润滑油，它减少摩擦”。Courtesyisoiltobusiness-itreducesfriction.礼貌是写信人对读者善意的表示。读者反过来也对写信人表示善意。Courtesyisexpressionofonesgoodintentionstowardsthereaderinsuchawaythatthereaderinturnexpresseshisorhergoodintentionstowardthewriter.,.,12,商业书信的结构(structure)(一),六大标准部分(SixStandardParts)：1.信头2.封内地址3.称呼语4.正文5.结束语6.签署,.,13,1.信头(headingsection):一般是打印好的，信头的样式多种多样，但都提供类似的信息：商行名称、地址、城市名、省名（州名）和邮政编码。有时也包括电话号码、传真号码等。信头的最后一行下隔一行附上打印出来的日期。日期是一则最重要的信息。,.,14,2.封内地址（insideaddress）包括收信人的姓名或商行名称和地址，一般在日期下第五行从左边空白处写起。例如：1.TheEasternSeaboardCorporation350ParkAvenueNewYork,NY10017U.S.A.2.Mr.JamesParrintonVicePresidentTheEasternSeaboardCorporation350ParkAvenueNewYork,NY10017U.S.A.,.,15,称呼语应和封内地址第一行一致。如封内地址写的是MrJamesParrison,其称呼语应是“DearSir”或“DearMr.Parrison”.如封内地址是“TheEasternSeaboardCorporation”，其称呼应是“DearSirs”或“Gentlemen”.,3.称呼语（salutation）,.,16,4.正文（Body）正文是信的最重要部分。开始写信之前必需考虑两点：1）目的何在？2）如何写？,.,17,5.结束语（结束礼词）ComplimentaryClose写信人向读者告别的表示，以免信结束得太突然。常用例子如下：Yourstruly，Trulyyours，Yourssincerely,Sincerelyyours,.,18,6.签署Signature商业书信的签署通常在结束礼词下空一行写上商行名称。在商行名称下留出足够的空白以便亲笔署名。在署名下打印出署名人的姓名和头衔。例：Sincerelyyours,ParamontMotorCompany(Pen-writtensignature)CharlesSmithPresident,.,19,商业书信的结构（二）,六个任选部分1.经办人2.参考编号3.事由4.附件5.再启6.抄送,.,20,经办人可用attentionline把信导向某一部门或某一个人。Attentionline写在封内地址和称呼之间。ABCTradingCorporation123BroadStreetLondonSW1OETBritainAttentionMr.JohnSmith,ExportManagerGentlemen:,.,21,参考编号（referencenumber）参考编号用来涉及先前的通信。很多商行的信纸的信头中提供书写参考编号的位置。Manyletterheadsprovidespacesforreferences,e.g.Yourreference:orYourref.:Ourreference:orOurref.:,.,22,事由或标题（subjectorcaption）事由或标题是一种手段，使人一看就知道这封信与什么有关。事由常写在称呼和正文之间。Example1:Subject:NewPriceListExample2:Re:NewPriceListExample3:NewPriceList,.,23,附件（Enclosure）附件只是告诉收信人在信封内还有别的东西和书信放在一起。Example1:Enclosures/Encl./Enc.:2invoicesExample2:Enclosures/Encl./Enc.:1B/L(billoflading提货单）1PhotoExample3:Enclosures21.Signedpolicy2.ChequeNO.345forUS$2,543.98,.,24,再启（Postscript）在使用再启时，通常在签署的最后一行以下两行的左边空白处写P.S.再启只当做强调某信息用，不要把它用作弥补正文内容的欠周。,.,25,抄送（CarbonCopyNotation）它告诉收信人该信的抄件将寄给其他人。在信纸左边写c.c.或cc,随后写上被抄送人的姓名或被抄送商行的名称，如：c.c.TheBankofOsaka,KobeTheOsakaChamberofCommerceandIndustry,.,26,SeekingFriendsthroughtheBank,May272008TheManagerABCBankofNewYorkNewYork,N.Y.10017U.S.A.DearSir,IndianTradingCo.,LtdThesubjectfirm（标题商号）,oneofourimportantclients,isearnestlylookingforsomereliableimporterswho,inyourdistrict,areinterestedinIndiantextiles.Thefirminquestion（beingtalkedabout）isdoingsteadyexportbusiness,showingsatisfactoryresultsinoverseasmarkets.,.,27,Weshouldbegratefultoyouifyouwouldletushavesomenamesandaddressesoflikelyimportersofgoodstanding(信用良好的)fromamongyourcustomers,togetherwithbriefcreditreports（资信情况）onthem.Needlesstosay,thereportssuppliedbyyouwillbetreatedinstrictconfidence,andanyexpenseyoupaidforthismaterialwillbesettledbyusuponreceiptofyourbill.Yourpromptreplywillbeappreciated.YoursrespectfullyIndianCommercialBank(Pen-writtensignature)J.SmithManager,.,28,ChineseVersion,标题商号是我们主要客户之一，渴望在你地区寻求几家对印度纺织品感兴趣的可靠的进口商号。该商号经营出口业务稳妥，在海外市场上经营成绩良好。如蒙告知你们客户中某些你们认为合适的信用良好的进口商号的名称和地址，并附来他们的资信简报，将十分感激。当然你们所提供的的报告，我们一定严格保密。你们为此而付出的任何费用，一接到你们的清单，我们立即支付。请迅速答复为荷。,.,29,外贸函电的英汉差异,相同：英语外贸函电常使用一些古词，如hereby由此therefore因此thereafter据此whereof关于那个hereto关于这个汉语中有对等的翻译,.,30,不同之处：英语函电的正式文体特征体现在句式上；而汉语主要体现在词汇上：兹、本、其、鉴于、根据、若等词表示正式文体。礼貌体现不同：汉语常常通过英语中没有的“贬己尊人准则”(您、敝公司、贵厂、敬希望等)来取得和谐的效果，而英语则通过频繁使用汉字中没有的虚拟语气、时态（amlooking)等的变化来实现。,.,31,例子：敝公司在此敬希望贵厂能以你们一向的、Ifwecouldcometoagreementonthis,Ithinkwecouldcooperatebetterinthenearfuture.,.,32,翻译技巧,专业术语的翻译翻译方法文体要求礼貌要求其他,.,33,专业术语的翻译,最主要的靠：专业背景的学习专业词汇的积累应注意：装运通知区别：,ShippingadviceShippinginstruction,前者系发货人给收货人,后者系收货人给发货人,.,34,确认：Acknowledgeconfirm,常用于确认对方来信时Weacknowledgereceiptofyourletterdatedthe3rdinst.enclosingtheaboveSalesContractinduplicate,在外贸习惯上仅用于确认来往电报及电传上。,.,35,专业术语,包装：散装bulk大包bale塑料袋polythenebag纸盒cardboardbox纸板箱carton黄麻袋gunnybangs柳条箱crate,ShipmentFOBfreeonboardCIFcostinsuranceandfreightCFRC&F:costandfreight,.,36,介词的使用,表索赔的原因for如claimfordamage表索赔的金额forclaimforUS$10,000对某批货物索赔on,claimonthegoods向某人索赔against,againsttheunderwriter成交一笔交易，离不开订单（order）销售合同（SC）信用证（LC）和货物（goods）,请注意这四者如何用介词连接。,.,37,LCNo.againstSCNo.LCNo.againstOrderNo.SCNo.againstOrderNo.GoodsagainstLCNo.GoodsagainstOrderNo.GoodsagainstSCNo.顺序不可颠倒LCSCOrderagainst,Covering,Under,For,.,38,AsthereisnodirectsailingtoyourportweregretbeingunabletoshipthegoodsinApril.ThereisnovesselsailingforHamburgthismonth.,.,39,船舶驶往某目的港，应为sailto.与leave相同。Sailingn.作名词用，意为船舶时，后跟介词to.Wewillshipthegoods,withtransshipmentatHongKong.在某地转船，用at不用in.,.,40,到期：汇票到期可以说fallduemature，但不能说expire在信用证到期时，只能用expireYoumustgiveusyourassurancethatyouwillhonorthedraftwhenitfallsdue.,.,41,在商贸信函的翻译中，“忠实”必须强调“再现原文所表达的语义信息不必刻意保留原文的语言形式，而应根据译语自身的语言习惯、语法选取最贴切对等的语言表达形式”,.,42,用词方面,例一：本公司从事纺织品出口业务，有30多年的行业经验1、ourcompanydealsinexportoftextilesandhasahistoryofoverthreedecadesintheline.2、weareexportersoftextileswithahistoryofoverthirtyyearsintheline.,.,43,组句方面,若每年每种商品的定购数量不少于5000打，我方可以给予5%的特别折扣。贷款须凭借不可撤销的即期信用证支付。1、uponannualpurchasesofeachitemnotlessthan5000dozen,wewillmakeyouaspecialdiscountof5%.PaymentistobemadebyirrevocableLCatsight.,.,44,2.uponannualpurchasesofeachitemnotlessthan5000dozen,wewillmakeyouaspecialdiscountof5%withpaymenttobemadebyirrevocableLCatsight.练习：我方将用“济南”号货轮装运第122号合同项下的货物，该货轮定于5月5日前后从本港驶往贵港。WeshallshipContractNo.122bys.s.“jinan”duetosailforyourportonoraboutMay5.,.,45,语气方面,Enclosedpleasefindourlatestcatalogueandpricelistfortheitemswearehandling.随函附上本公司目前经营的商品的最新目录和价目表，敬请查收。（信息焦点）,.,46,叙事视角和称谓问题,语用学的观点：英汉译文的叙事人称并不一致，亦即叙事视角不一致。通常，对于汉语的第二人称叙事，英译文或采用被动语态叙事或以第三人称全知视角叙事或采用第一人称缓和法间接说明问题，令外贸交往的空间更为广阔，更加利于合作和人际交往。,.,47,贵方犯了一个非常大意的错误。Averycarelessmistakewasmade.贵方似乎早应办完该项手续。Itseemstousthatyoushouldhavedoneit.贵方建议恐怕令人难以接受。Weareafraidthatwecannotagreetoyourproposal.,.,48,文体要求,周兆祥、范志伟于年在中国翻译上发表“财经翻译漫谈”中对提升水平提出建议，即用“近文言体”quasi-ancientChinesestyle进行外贸函电的翻译。以下提供一些外贸函电的常用套语及其汉译：,.,49,Wehavepleasureinsendingyouourcatalogue,whichgivesfullinformationaboutourvariousproducts.欣寄我方目录，提供我方各类产品的详细情况。Wethankyouforallpastfavorandwearealwaysatyourservice.谢谢贵方以往的惠顾，并盼总能为您效劳。,.,50,PunctualshipmentcanbeensuredprovidedwereceivethecoveringLCnotlaterthan若有关信用证不迟于到达我方，可保证准时装船。Claimswhichfallwithintheresponsibilityofpartiesotherthanthesupplierwillnotbeacceptedbyus.非供货方责任的索赔，我们不予受理。,.,51,礼貌要求,Leech:在所有语言交际中maximizetheexpressionofpolitebeliefsminimizetheexpressionofimpolitebeliefs,.,52,商务书信的礼貌级别较高，除表现在使用一些常用的客套话，如：wearepleasedwewouldbeobligedifyouresteemedletter等之外,还表现在越是对收信人不利的内容，所用语言越礼貌。,.,53,当问题不怎么严重时：Therearesomeproblemsaboutthequalityofyourproducts当问题较严重，对对方的责难较厉害时：WearesorrytohavetocomplainofthequalityofWeregrettosaythatapartofthegoods,indeed,nearlyhalf,havelostagooddealoftheirqualityby使这种对他人不利的表达变得间接，委婉可以让对方感到你友善和富有同情心，因而更倾向于合作。,.,54,Iamveryhappytoinformyouthatyourcaptionedletterofcredithaspunctuallyreachedoursideandthegoodsinquestionhavebeenreadyforshipment.Inreply,weverymuchregrettostatethatourend-usersherefindyourpricetoohighandquiteoutoflinewiththeprevailingmarketlevel.,.,55,商贸函电的分解翻译,起始用语建立贸易关系a)我们希望与您建立业务往来。Pleaseallowustoexpressourhopeofopeninganaccountwithyou.b)我们愿与贵公司建立商务关系。Wearewillingtoestablishtraderelationswithyourcompany.,.,56,B.自我推荐,本公司经营这项业务已多年，并享有很高的国际信誉。Ourcompanyhasbeeninthislineofbusinessformanyyearsandenjoyshighinternationalprestige.,a),我们的产品质量一流，我们的客户一直把本公司视为最可信赖的公司。Ourproductsareofverygoodqualityandourfirmisalwaysregardedbyourcustomersasthemostreliableone.,b),.,57,C.推销产品,我们新研制的已推出上市，特此奉告。Wearepleasedtoinformyouthatwehavejustmarketedournewly-developed,我们盼望成为贵公司的供应商。Wearepleasedtogetintouchwithyouforthesupplyof,.,58,D.索取资料我们对贵方的新产品.感兴趣，希望能寄来贵公司的产品目录及价目表。Weareinterestedinyournewproductandshallbepleasedtohaveacatalogandpricelist.,E.寄发资料欣寄我方目录，提供我方各类产品的详细情况。,Wehavepleasuresinsendingyouourcatalogue,whichgivesfullinformationaboutourvariousproducts.,.,59,F.附寄资料随函附上订单确认书供参考。,随函附上本公司新出品的.样品，请查收。,Aconfirmationorderisenclosedforyourreference.,Youwillfindenclosedwiththisletterasampleofnew.,.,60,G.请求做代理商我们深盼与英国公司接洽，希望成为其销售代理商之一。WeareanxioustocontactsomeBritishfirmswithaviewtoactingastheirsellingagents.,H.请求报价请将下列货品的最低价格赐知。Kindlyquoteusyourlowestpricesforthegoodslistedbelow.,.,61,J.订货请速告知我方是否能按修改价订货。Pleaseinformusbyreturnwhetherwemaybookyourorderattheserevisedprice.,Weshallbookatrialorderwithyou,providedyouwillgiveusa5%commission.假如贵方给百分之五的佣金，我们将向您们试订一批货。,.,62,K.责问你方未能按规定时间发货，给我们带来了极大的不便。Yourfailureindeliveringthegoodswithinthestipulatedtimehasgreatlyinconveniencedus.,L.索赔你方提供的证明是不充分的，因此我方不能考虑你方的索赔要求。Theevidenceyouhaveprovidedisinadequate,therefore,wecannotconsideryourclaimasrequested.,.,63,M.付款,兹附上支票一张以付清第号发票上的金额。WehavethepleasureofenclosingourchequeinpaymentofyourinvoiceNo.,.,64,因为货物需要迫切，如能尽快交货，将非常感激。,Weshallbegratefulforpromptdeliveryasthegoodsareneededurgently.我们希望能有为贵方表现服务效率的机会。,Weshouldappreciatetheopportunityofshowingyouhowefficientlywecanserveyou.,我方保证随时对你方利益给以足够的重视。Weassureyouofourcarefulattentiontoyourinterestsatalltimes.,2.结尾用语,.,65,Exercises,1.希望这些资料对你们有些用处。Wehopethisinformationwillproveusefultoyou.2.我们建议你们客户直接和他们联系，他们将会提供给你们客户一切必须的资料。Weadviseyourclientstocommunicatedirectlywiththem.Theywillfurnishyourclientswithallsuchinformationasmayberequired.3.如蒙寄来你们最新的价目单，将十分感谢。Weshouldbegratefulifyouwouldsendusyourlatestpriceslist.,.,66,4.总体上说，该货是令人满意的。Thegoodsaresatisfactoryasawhole.5.该商号经营出口业务稳妥，在海外市场上经营成绩良好。Thefirminquestionisdoingsteadyexportbusiness,showingasatisfactoryresultsinoverseasmarkets.6.这种商品需求稳定。Thereisasteadydemandforthisarticle.,.,67,SeekingFriendsthroughChamberofCommerce,June172008TokyoChamberofCommerceandIndustryTokyo101JapanDearSirs,Wehavebeenleadingimportersoflightindustrialproductsformorethantenyears,andareplanningtoextendourbusinessactivitiestoourneighboringcountries,fromtheclientsinwhichwehavemanyinquiriesforLeatherBags.Wouldyoupleaseintroduceustosomeofthemostreliableexportersofthesamelines.Astoourcreditstanding,wearepermittedtomentiontheDEXBank,Copenhagenasareference.（资信备询人）Wearelookingforwardtoyourfavorableandpromptreply.YoursfaithfullyUnitedImportCo.,LtdManager,.,68,在国际贸易中，出口商在同新客户建立业务关系前，可以要求该客户提供他的往来银行（bankreference）的名称，或是一家他以前与之有业务往来的商行(tradereference)的名称，作为资信证明人(reference)。“reference”hastwomeanings:(1)apieceofwritteninformationaboutsomeonescharacter,ability,etc.证明材料(2)apersonwhoprovidessuchinformation.证明人,.,69,ChineseVersion,我们十多年来一直经营轻工业品进口业务，现在打算向邻近诸国扩展业务，这些国家已有很多客户向我们寻购皮革提包。请推荐给我们一些上述商品最可靠的出口商。至于我们的资信情况，我们已征得哥本哈根DEX银行同意，把该行作为我们的资信备询人。,.,70,Translatethefollowingsentences,1.他们是可靠的买主。Theyarereliablebuyers.2.他们的信用可由瑞士银行证明。TheirreferenceistheBankofSwitzerland.3.现在我们打算向贵国南部扩展业务。Wearenowplanningtoextendourbusinessactivitiestothesouthernpartofyourcountry.,.,71,CreditInquiry,DearSir,TheMaryland,Inc.ThesubjectcompanyisnowofferingtorepresentusinthesaleofourSewingMachines,andhasreferredustoyourbankfordetailedinformationaboutitscreditstanding,businesscapacityandcharacter.Weshallappreciateitifyouwillgiveusyourfrankopiniononthesepointsregardingthecompany.Anyinformationyoumaygiveuswillbetreatedinconfidence.Weassureyouofourreciprocatingyourcourtesyatanytime.,.,72,ChineseVersion,事由/标题：玛丽兰有限公司标题公司提出要当我公司代理，销售我们的缝纫机，并介绍我公司向贵行了解该公司的信用、业务能力和声誉的详细情况。如贵行对该公司就上述几点提出坦率意见，将非常感谢。贵行提供的资料将严格保密。保证随时回报贵行的好意。,.,73,ReplytoCreditInquiry,Gentlemen:TheMaryland,Inc.ThesubjectcompanyyouinquiredaboutbyyourletterofOctober25,2008,hasbeenmaintaininganaccountwithusforthepast20years,duringwhichtheyneverfailedtomeettheirobligation.Theirbalancesheets(资产负债表)ofrecentyearsenclosedwillshowyouthattheirimportbusinessinSewingMachineshasbeenmanagedandoperatedunderasatisfactorycondition.Webelievethattheyowetheirreputablepositionamongthelocalwholesalersinourdistricttotheirsteadyandsincerewayofconductingbusiness.Pleasenotethatthisinformationisfurnishedwithoutanyresponsibilityonourpartandshouldbeheldstrictlyconfidential.Yourstruly,Yourstruly,.,74,ChineseVersion,事由/标题：玛丽兰有限公司你公司2008年10月25日函询的标