区域管理中的可持续发展问题以重庆为例-ThemeGall.ppt

RegionalmanagementofsustainabledevelopmenttakeChongqingasanexample区域管理中的可持续发展问题以重庆为例,ByYiXiaoguangPresident,ResearchFellowofComprehensiveEconomicResearchInstitute,ChongqingDevelopmentandReformCommission重庆市综合经济研究院院长研究员,可持续发展已作为当今中国发展的基本战略之一。位于中国西部的重庆市在区域管理中大力进行了可持续发展的实践：以统筹城乡发展、实施一圈两翼区域发展战略、推进了经济增长方式的转变、持久开展生态环境保护与建设、对三峡库区进行了科学的规划和发展、积极寻求更大区域合作，提高发展能力和环境综合治理能力。,SustainabledevelopmenthasbeenabasicstrategyofcurrentChinasdevelopment.ChongqingMunicipalitywhichlocatedinChinaswesternregionvigorouslypromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentinregionalmanagement:Bycoordinatingurbanandruraldevelopmentandimplementingonecircleandtwowingsofaregionaldevelopmentstrategy,ithaspromotedandchangedthemodeofeconomicgrowth,andhaslastedecologicalenvironmentalprotectionandsustainableconstruction.ThroughthescientificplanninganddevelopmentofthreeGorgesreservoirarea,thecityhasbeenactivelyseekinggreaterregionalcooperationtodeveloptheirabilityandenvironmentmanagementcapacity.,内容提要,一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性,I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChinasCurrentDevelopmentStage,Theevolutionaryprocessofenvironmentanddevelopmentissuesarethebackgroundofsustainabledevelopmentproposed.Theadvanceofglobalsustainabledevelopmentconcepthasundergonethreemilestones:In1972,thefirstUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentadoptedtheDeclarationonHumanEnvironmentandproposedthehumanhaveonlyoneEarthconcept;In1987,ourcommonfuturedroughtforewordtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment;In1992theUnitedNations21stcenturyAgendacausedsustainabledevelopmentintoaglobaldevelopmenttheme.,环境与发展问题的演变过程是提出可持续发展的时代背景。全球可持续发展理念的提出，经历了三次里程碑：1972年第一次联合国人类环境大会，通过了人类环境宣言，提出“人类只有一个地球”的理念；1987年在我们共同的未来中提出了可持续发展的概念；1992年联合国21世纪议程使可持续发展成为全球发展的主题。,一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性,I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChinasCurrentDevelopmentStage,Sustainabledevelopmentisanintegratedconceptwhichinvolveseconomy,society,culturaltechnologyandnaturalenvironment.Theconnotationofsustainabledevelopmentmainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:First,sustainabledevelopmentdoesnotnegatetheeconomicgrowth,particularlydevelopingcountrieseconomicgrowth,butitmusttransfertheproductionmethodfromtheextensivetointensivestyleandaddresstheeconomicdistortionsanderrorsaswell;Second,Sustainabledevelopmentshouldtakenaturalresourcesastheprerequisiteandcoordinatetotheenvironmentcarryingcapacity.Weseektoreducetherateofdepletionofnaturalassetsandstrivetomakeitthebelowthedevelopmentrateofrenewableresourcesorrateofsubstitutes;,可持续发展是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术及自然环境等的综合性概念，其内涵主要包括以下几个方面：可持续发展并不否定经济增长，尤其是发展中国家的经济增长，但必须将生产方式从粗放型转变为集约型，研究并解决经济上的扭曲和误区可持续发展要以自然资源为前提，同资源环境承载能力相协调。要力求降低自然资产的耗竭速率，使之低于资源的再生速率或替代品的开发速率,一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性,I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChinasCurrentDevelopmentStage,Third,sustainabledevelopmentdemandsahighdegreereunificationoffairnessandefficiency.Wecannotpursuejustthepresentbenefitstoharmthefoundationoflong-termdevelopment,atthesametimewemustpayourattentiontoboththelong-termbenefitsandtheshort-termbenefits.Fourth,sustainabledevelopmentneedstofollowtheprincipleofinnovation.Theuseoftechnologicalinnovationsandtheinstitutionalinnovationmeanstoprovidethenecessarytechnicalandeconomicconditionsforsustainabledevelopment;fifth,thesustainabledevelopmentaimstoimprovethequalityofpeoplelifeinlinewithsocialprogress,itsultimateaimistoachieveall-rounddevelopment.,可持续发展要求公平与效率的高度统一。不能只求眼前利益而损害长期发展的基础，必须将近期效益与长期效益兼顾可持续发展要遵循创新原则。利用技术创新和制度创新，为可持续发展提供必要的技术和经济条件可持续发展以提高生活质量为目标，同社会进步相适应，其最终目的是实现人的全面发展,一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性,I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChinasCurrentDevelopmentStage,Chinaisfacedwiththeenormousenergyandresourceschallenges,andsustainabledevelopmentwillbecomeabasicdevelopmentstrategy.Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountrieswithlimitedresourcesandalargepopulation,theper-capitaconsumptionofresourcesisfarbelowtheworldaverage,andthepercapitaarablelandisonlyequivalentto42percentofworldaveragelevel.Thefreshwaterresourceisequivalentto27percentofworldpercapitalevel,theforestresourcesisequivalentto20percentofworldpercapitalevel,thepercapitaconsumptionofcoal,petroleumandnaturalgasisrespectivelyequivalenttotheworldspercapitaconsumptionof56percent,15percentand10percent.Atthesametime,economichasbeengrownrapidlysincethereformandopeningupofChina,whichistheresultoftherapidexpansionofpercapitaconsumptionofresourcesandthetotalconsumptionofresources,onlyasteelindustryontheenergyconsumptionoccupiesonetenthofChinasenergyconsumption.Lowleveloftechnology,fundsdeficiency,theextensiveuseofresources,andwastephenomenonareseriousproblems,whichalsocausedtheresourcesandenvironmentalissuesmoreseriously.,中国，面临着能源与资源的巨大挑战，可持续发展成为基本发展战略。中国是最大的发展中国家，但资源有限，人口众多，人均资源占有量远低于世界平均水平，人均耕地仅相当于世界人均水平的42%，淡水资源相当于世界人均水平的27%，森林资源相当于世界人均水平的20%，煤、石油、天然气人均占有量分别相当于世界人均占有量的56%、15%、10%。同时，我国改革开放来中国经济高速增长，导致人均资源消费量和资源消费总量迅速扩大，仅钢铁一个行业能耗就占中国能耗的十分之一。技术水平低、资金匮乏、资源利用方面的粗放、浪费现象严重等问题，也使资源与环境等问题愈加严重。,一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性,I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChinasCurrentDevelopmentStage,Chinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothestudyandimplementationofsustainabledevelopment.in1992,afterBrazilconference,ourcountryactivelyfulfillstheGeneralAssemblysmandate,in1994,ChinatooktheleadtodrawuptheChinasAgenda21ST:TheChinese21stcenturypopulation,EnvironmentandDevelopmentWhitepaperandcarriedouttheresearchforEnvironmentalProtectionStrategyofChina,10countermeasurestoChineseEnvironmentandDevelopment.Meanwhile,weputthemintotheintegrationofnationaleconomicdevelopment9thFive-YearPlan,10thFive-YearPlan,11thFive-YearPlanasthenationaleconomyandsocialdevelopmentbasicstrategy.Localgovernmentsatalllevelshaveattachedgreatimportancetoallthesemattersandactivelypromotepracticalexploration.ChinesewesterncityChongqingMunicipalityissuchanexample.,中国政府十分重视可持续发展的研究和实施，1992年巴西会议后，我国积极履行大会提出的任务，1994年，率先制订了中国21世纪议程：中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书，开展了中国环境与发展十大对策、中国环境保护战略等重大研究，且将其纳入国民经济发展的“九五”、“十五”、“十一五”规划，作为国民经济和社会发展的基本战略。地方各级政府也十分重视，积极开展实践探索，处于中国西部的重庆市就是其中的一例。,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,(1)BasicConditionsofChongqingMunicipalityChongqingisthefourthmunicipalityinChina,itislocatedattheconjunctionofeasternandwesternChinaandtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltcorearea,witheasternprovinceofHubeiandHunan,southernofGuizhou,westofSichuanandnorthofShanxiasneighbors,itisthelarge-scaledevelopmentofChinaswesternregionfocus.TheareaofChongqingis82,400squarekilometers,anditbelongstosub-tropicalmonsoonhumidclimate.Thecityhasjurisdictionover40administrativedistricts,thecityspopulationin2006was31.4423million,ofwhich49minoritiesandthepopulationofthemoccupies5.6%ofthecityspopulationwhicharemainlyTujia,Miao-based.Thecitysresidentpopulationis28.08millionandtheurbanpopulationis13.1129million,andtherateofurbanizationisupto46.7percent.,（一）重庆市的基本市情重庆是中国第四个直辖市，地处中国东西结合部、长江上游经济带核心地区，地界东临湖北、湖南，南接贵州，西靠四川，北连陕西，是我国实行西部大开发的重点开发地区。重庆幅员面积8.24万平方公里，气候属亚热带季风性湿润气候。全市下辖40个行政区县，2006年全市人口3144.23万，其中少数民族49个，人口占全市人口的5.6%，主要以土家族、苗族为主。全市常住人口2808万人，城镇人口1311.29万人，城镇化率达46.7%。,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,1.ChongqingisChinasonlydualeconomicprominentfeaturedunicipality.UnlikethethreemunicipalitiesofBeijing,TianjinandShanghai,ChongqingisthemicrocosmofChinasbasicnationalconditionswhichcharacterizedwithbothruralandcityandhighlightedwiththedualeconomicstructure.,1、重庆市是我国唯一的二元经济特征突出的直辖市与北京、天津、上海三大直辖市不同的是：重庆市是我国基本国情的“缩影”，大农村与大城市并存，二元经济结构突出。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,First,Chongqingischaracterizedwiththeurbanandruralstructure.In2006,thecitysrateurbanizationwas46.7%.Accordingtotheresidentpopulation,14.9666millionpeoplelivedinruralareas;Engelscoefficientforurbanhouseholdswas36.3%;andtheEngelcoefficientofruralresidentswas52.2%;thecitysurbanandruralincomeswererespectively189Yuanand713Yuanlowerthanthenationalaveragelevel,andtheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralresidentsreached4.03:1,whichwasfarhigherthanthenationallevelof3.28:1;therewasabiggapbetweenthedevelopmentofurbanandruralsocialundertakings.Unequaleducationalopportunitiesforurbanandruralresidentsdirectlyresultedtounequalemploymentopportunities,andunequalemploymentopportunitieseventuallyleadtoincomeinequality.,一是城乡二元结构突出。2006年，全市城镇化率为46.7%，按常住人口计算，有1496.66万人生活在农村；城市居民家庭恩格尔系数为36.3%，农村居民家庭恩格尔系数为52.2%，全市城乡居民收入分别比全国平均水平低189元、713元，城乡居民收入差距高达4.031，远高于全国3.281的水平；城乡社会事业发展的差距较大，城乡居民受教育机会的不平等直接造成就业机会的不平等，就业机会的不平等又最终导致收入的不平等。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,ThesecondisChongqingsprominentregionaldualstructure.AtthecoreofChongqingcity,the“anhoureconomiccircle”hasenteredthemid-industrializedstageofrapiddevelopment.Itsproportionofthenon-agriculturalproductionaddedvaluewas90.6%anditsGDPwas78%oftheentirecitys,andthe“anhoureconomiccircle”hasbecameabusinesscityandeconomiccenterofthesecondandtertiaryindustries,particularlyintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandtheSouthwest.IntheNortheastandSoutheastregionsofChongqing,theproportionofprimaryindustrywasstillveryhigh,theconditionofwhichwasstillintheearlystagesofindustrialization.theareaandresidentpopulationof“anhoureconomiccircle”accountedforrespectively65%and40%ofentirecitys,butitsGDPaccountedforonly22%ofthecitys,andindustrialaddedvalueaccountedforabout5.7%ofthecitysGDP.Thissituationshowedtheunevenregionaldevelopmentofeasternandwesternregionsandtheformationoftwodifferenteconomicunitsandeconomiccharacteristics.,二是地区二元结构突出。以重庆主城区为核心的一小时经济圈，已进入工业化中期快速发展阶段，非农产业增加值比重90.6%，GDP占全市的78%，成为以二、三产业，特别是以工业经济为主的长江上游及西南地区的工商业重镇和经济中心。重庆东北部和东南部地区，第一产业比重仍然很大，处于工业化初期阶段的落后状态，地域和常住人口分别占全市65%和40%，但GDP仅占全市的22%，工业增加值约占全市GDP的5.7%，呈现出东西部地区发展极不平衡，形成两种不同的经济单元和经济特点。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,一小时经济圈,渝东南翼,渝东北翼,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,Thethirdistheprominentregionaldualstructurewithinindustry.Fromtheinternalindustrialstructure,theaddedvalueproportionofChongqingslightindustryandheavyindustryhadgenerallymaintainedatthelevelof34:66fromthebeginningofjurisdictiontotheyearof2005.Heavyindustryoccupiedmajorproportionintheentireindustrialsystem,andautomobiles,motorcycles,equipmentmanufacturing,gaspetrochemicals,andaluminumfabricationindustry,digitalinstrumentationindustryoccupiedaprominentpositioninChina.Relativelyspeaking,thedevelopmentofknowledge-intensiveandlabor-intensiveindustrysuchashightechnologyandlightindustryisinsufficient.,三是产业内部二元结构突出。重庆轻重工业增加值比重为从直辖初到2005年基本保持在34:66这样的水平，重工业在整个工业体系中所占比重大，汽车、摩托车、设备制造业、天然气石油化工、铝加工业、数字化仪器仪表业在中国占有突出地位，相对而言，高新科技、轻工业发展等知识密集型、劳动密集型产业发展不够。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,2.Thetaskofdevelopmentandecologicalprotectionisarduous.Chongqingenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalconstructionnotonlydecideitsownsustainabledevelopment,butalsohasabearingontheYangtzeRiverecologicalsafety.TheareaofThreeGorgesreservoirinChongqingis46,200squarekilometerswhichaccountsfor80%oftheThreeGorgesReservoirtotalarea.Itspopulationisabout17.79millionandthepopulationdensityisthreetimesofthenationalaveragelevel.Environmentcapacityintheareaislimited,anditisanecologicallyfragilearea.Coupledwithmassiverelocationandresettlement,itislikelytoexacerbatesoilerosion,landdegradation,naturaldisasters.,2发展与生态环境保护任务艰巨重庆生态环境保护与建设，既关系自身的可持续发展，也事关长江流域的生态安全。三峡库区重庆境内面积为4.62万平方公里，占三峡库区总面积80%，人口约1779万，人口密度为全国平均水平的3倍，这一地区自身环境容量有限，是生态脆弱区，加之大量移民安置迁建，很可能加剧水土流失、土地退化、自然灾害等。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,BecausethefutureurbanizationandindustrializationprocessofSichuanProvinceandChongqingMunicipalitywasaccelerated,environmentpressurecausedbydevelopmentwillincreasedsignificantly.Therefore,thetaskfortheimplementationofChongqingenvironmentalprotection,ecologicalandenvironmentalconstruction,thepreventionofgeologicaldisastersinreservoirbankregulation,theenvironmentpreventionandmonitoringsystemandtechnologysecuritysystemconstructionarearduous.,由于三峡库区上游的四川省、重庆市今后城市化、工业化进程明显加快，发展形成的环境压力会由此显著增大，因此，重庆在实施环境保护、生态环境建设、地质灾害防治和库岸整治、生态环境预防监测体系和科技保障体系建设等方面任务非常艰巨。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,(2)ThepracticeofpromotingsustainabledevelopmentinregionalmanagementofChongqingMunicipality.1.CoordinateRuralandUrbanDevelopmenttoEliminateDualStructureContradictionChongqingMunicipalityactivelyexploresandpromotestheboldattempttocoordinateurbanandruraldevelopmentintheoryandpractice,whichisfightingfortheestablishmentofanationalcoordinatingurbanandruralintegratedsupportreformpilotarea,andithasmadepositiveeffortsonchangingtheurbanandruraldualstructureandonnarrowingthedevelopmentgapbetweenurbanandruralareas.,（二）近年来重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践1统筹城乡发展努力消除二元结构矛盾重庆市在理论和实践上积极探索并大胆尝试推进统筹城乡建设，争取设立了全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区，在改变城乡二元结构、缩小城乡和地区发展差距方面作出了积极努力。,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,First,weshouldputtheurbanandruraldevelopmentintotheintegratedplanningandconsiderthedevelopment,andweshouldalsopayattentiontothecoordinationofurbanandruraldevelopment;Second,weshouldbuildpublicfinancialsystemtoincreasethetransferofruralfinancialstrength,andthe70%ofadditionalfinancialresourceswillbeusedforsupportingthedevelopmentofdistrictsandcounties;Third,weshouldputemphasisontheindustrialdevelopmentwhichiscloselylinkedtourbanandruralareas,especiallythedevelopmentcapabilitiesofagriculturalprocessingindustry,modernagriculture,nurturingagriculture;Thefourth,weshouldpromotetheintegrationofurbanandruralequalizationofpublicservicesandincreaseeducationandtrainingforfarmers,andweshouldincreasetheruralinfrastructureinvestmentandgraduallyestablishasocialsecuritysysteminruralareas,andactivelypromotethenewruralconstructionhasachievedinitialresults.,把城市、农村发展纳入一体化规划，统筹考虑发展，注重城乡发展的协调性建设公共财政体系，加大对农村的财政性转移力度，新增财力的70%用于支持区县发展注重发展城乡关联度高的产业发展，特别是农副产品加工业、现代农业，培育农业的发展能力推进城乡一体的公共服务均等化，加大对农民教育培训、农村基础设施的投入，逐步建立农村社会保障体系，积极推进新农村建设，取得了阶段性成果,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,2.Implementationof“OneCircleTwoWings”RegionalDevelopmentStrategyChongqingCitybroughtforwardthetwowingscircledevelopmentstrategyonthenon-equilibriumcoordinateddevelopmenttheory.Undertheguidanceofrelateddevelopmenttheories,onecircletwowingsisaregionaldevelopmentandfunctionaldistributionfollowingthefourmainfunctionaldivisionsandthecitysspecificsituation.Onecircleincludes23districtsandcountiesinChongqing;themainfocusisthedevelopmentandoptimizationofthedevelopmentzone；“TwoWings”referstothe17countiesinnortheastandsoutheastofChongqing(theThreeGorgesreservoirarea)andtheseplacesaremainlyrestrictedzoneandtheprohibitionofthedevelopment.,2实施一圈两翼区域发展战略重庆市按非均衡协调发展理论提出了“一圈两翼”发展战略。“一圈两翼”是重庆遵循国家四类主体功能区划和具体市情在相关发展理论指导下作出的区域发展功能划分。“一圈”包括了重庆23个区县，主要是优化开发和重点开发区；“两翼”指重庆东北部（三峡库区）、东南部的17个区县，主要是限制开发和禁止开发区。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,实施一圈两翼发展战略的目的着力打造一圈，加快城市化和工业化进程，构造组团式城市群和产业高地，提升重庆在区域发展中的核心竞争力，提高投入产出效率，创造财政转移支付的实力基础通过“一圈”城市功能提升和产业的高度发展，提高市内重点开发区域的承载能力，承接“两翼”人口适度性转移，推动农民变市民，有利于农村规模化经营，发展现代农业，提高农民收入水平“两翼”人口适度转移后，环境保护、生态建设的压力将大大降低，有利于实现国家提出的对三峡库区生态环境保护的战略任务。,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,Oneaimoftheimplementationofthedevelopmentstrategyof“twowingscircle“istostrivetocreatethecircle,acceleratetheprocessofindustrializationandurbanization,constructgroupcitiesandindustrialHeights,enhanceregionaldevelopmentinChongqinginthecorecompetitiveness,improvetheefficiencyofinput-outputandcreatethebasisofthetransferpaymentstrength;Secondly,fromthepromotionofthefunctionofthecityandthehighlydevelopmentoftheindustriesinthe“onecircle”,tostrengthenthecarryingcapacityofsomemaindevelopingregionsofthecity,inordertobearthepopulationmetastasisfromthe“twowings”,toshifttheruralcitizenstobecomeurbanones,tomakethelarge-scaledmanagementinruralareabebenefitedfromit,todevelopthemodernagriculture,topromotethefarmersincomelevel;Thirdly,afterthemoderatepopulationtransferfromtwowings,thepressureofenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalconstructionwillbegreatlyreduced,whichisinfavoroftherealizationofthenationalprotectionoftheecologicalenvironmentoftheThreeGorgesreservoirareaofstrategictask.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,3.ActivelyPromoteandChangetheModeofEconomicGrowthChongqinggovernmentattachesgreatimportancetopromotingandchangingthemodeofeconomicgrowthandhaveachievedpositiveresults.First,byadjustingtheindustrialstructure,transformingandupgradingthetraditionalindustriesandincreasingthetechnologicalcontentinindustrialdevelopment,changethehighinput,highconsumption,highemissionphenomenoninpastextensiveoperations,savingenergyreductionworkinwesternChinaisintheforefrontposition;Thesecondisthattheindustrydevelopsinthedirectionofconcentrativeandintensiveway.Theindustrialdevelopmentconcentratesinthezoneinordertotheeconomicaluseoflandandpromotetherecycleeconomictestzoneandtriedtoestablishindustrialdevelopmentcatalogandenvironmentaladmittancesystemisanotheraspect;Thethirdaspectistocombinetheapplicationofadministrative,economicandlegalmeans,exertthedoubleenthusiasmofgovernmentmarket,andpromotechangesinthemodeofeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalmanagement.,3积极推进经济增长方式的转变重庆政府高度重视推进经济增长方式的转变，取得了积极成果。调整产业结构，改造提升传统产业，增加产业发展中的科技含量，改变以往粗放经营中存在的“高投入、高消耗、高排放”的现象，节能减排工作在中国西部位居前列产业发展朝集聚化、集约化方向发展，产业发展向园区集中，节约用地，推动循环经济试验园区，尝试建立产业发展指导目录和环境准入制度综合利用行政、经济和法律手段，发挥政府市场的双重积极性，促进经济增长方式的转变和环境污染治理,II.Chongqingpromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentineegionalmanagement.,二、重庆市在区域管理中推进可持续发展的实践,4.PersistentEnvironmentalProtectionandEcologicalConstructionUnderlimitedfinancialcircumstances,Sincethebeginningof10yearsjurisdictionChongqingMunicipalityhavedevotedatotalof36.1billionYuanintothehugee