英语商务报告写作ppt课件

IhavemadethisletterlongerthanusualonlybecauseIhavenothadtimetomakeitshorterBlaisePascal(FrenchMathematician),Whatismakesagoodbusinessreport?,BeingConcise-Dontaddinextrawordstoshowyouhaveanextensivevocabularyiftheyarenotneeded!,StyleandTone,Itshouldbepersuasivebutwiththerightlevelofformality.Beobjective-Dontuse“I”or“you”Consideringtheinformation,Ithinkthat-Theinformationsuggeststhat.Youshouldtry.-Itwouldbebeneficialtotry.Beclearandconcise-Dontusemetaphors,idiomsorsayings-Theycanbeinterpretedindifferentways!eg.Itissaidthat“ThereisnoIinteam”.DONOTUSEeg.Everycoinhastwosides./Therearetwosidestoeverycoin.DONOTUSEButtherearelimitsonbeingconcise!eg.InawordDONOTUSE,Structure,IntroductionMainBody(OrganisedinParagraphs)ConclusionRecommendations,ReadthereportonPage72andnotedownthegoodandbadpoints,GoodPointsClearlyOrganisedAddressesthepointsrequestedBadDoesntmakeclearrecommendationsTooinformalNolinkingphrases,LinkingPhrasesPractice(pg73),Linkingphrasesareveryimportanttocreateaflowinyourwriting.Howevertheycanbeoverused.Rememberyouareusingthemtolinkideastogether,somakesureyouchoosetherightonetodefinetherelationship.Rewritesentence1-4givingthemthesamemeaning.,LinkingPhrases-Answers,1a.Inspiteof/Despitebeingrich,hesunhappy.ORInspiteof/Despitehiswealth,Hesunhappy.b.Hesrich.Nevertheless,hesunhappy.2a.Inadditiontobeingcomplex,its(also)expensive.ORInadditiontothefactthatitscomplex.2b.Aswellasbeingcomplex,its(also)expensive.2c.Itscomplex.Furthermore,itsexpensive.,LinkingPhrases-Answers,3a.Aftergatheringalltheevidence,theywillproduceareport.3b.(First)theywillgatheralltheevidence.Subsequentlytheywillproduceareport.4a.Thecompanywentbankruptonaccountofpoormanagement/beingpoorlymanaged.4b.Thecompanywaspoorlymanaged.Consequently,itwentbankrupt.,CommonGrammaticalMistakes,Articles:The,A,Anmakesureyouknowwhichonetouseanduseit!Mostnounsneedanarticle,butnotalldo!RememberitisTheU.KandThePeoplesRepublicOfChinabutBritainandChina.Useadictionarytocheck.,CommonGrammaticalMistakes,3rdPersonSingularaddsIfyouareusingaverbtodescribeaperson,theoryoranorganisationyouusuallyaddanseg.TheoryXacknowledgesTheoryXandYacknowledgeTheauthorindicatesthat.Theauthorsindicatethat.,CitingandReferencing-Whydowedoit?,Todistinguishyourownviewsfromotherpeoples.Toindicatethereliabilityofyourstatements.Toshowthedepthofyourresearch.,CitingandReferencing-Whydowedoit?,Youhavelimitedbusinessexperience,ifany.Ifyoudonotshowme,IwillassumethatyouropinionsareNOTbasedonrealworldexperiencesorevidence.Byreferencingpeoplewhohaveresearch/reallifeexperience,youareshowingmethatyouhaveknowledgeofwhathasworkedornotworkedintherealworldandthenusedthesetoinformyourownopinion.,Criticalthinking,Whatiscriticalthinking?Donotjustpassivelyacceptwhatyoureadbutactivelyquestionandassesit.,TheExposureofReinhartandRogoff-AnExampleOfCriticalThinking,In2013ReinhartandRogoff,twoHarvardProfessorswereexposedforerrorswithintheir2010paper“GrowthInATimeOfDebt”Theirpaperindicatedthataslowingofgrowthby1%forthenext23yearswouldcausetheU.S.economytoshrinkby25%ThiswasusedtoinformseveralpolicydecisionsbytheU.S.Government.AGraduatestudentalongwithhisprofessorsanalysedthepaperandfoundmistakeswithinboththeoriginalfiguresofGDPincertaincountriesandintheexcelformulasusedtoanalysethedataandproducetheirresults.Itwasshownthattheirresultswereagreatexaggerationandmanypeoplehadtore-evaluatethefutureoftheirbusinessandthecountry.,WhatCanWeLearnFromThis?,IfresearchresultsprovidedbyHarvardprofessorsareerroneous,weneedtoconsiderthetruthbehindallsourcesweread.Thesemistakeswerecausedbyhumanerrorbutothermistakescouldbecausedbytheauthorsownagenda/biases.Theymaylettheirownfeelingsgetinthewayofthetruthortheymaybebeingpaidbyacompanytoreportresultsthatmakethatcompanylookgood.Theonlywaytoknowistoresearchdeeper,lookatthewaytheygottheirresultsandtheresultsotherpeoplehaveproduced.Dotheyallsaythesamething?Ifnot,why?,Criticalthinking-Checklist,Whatarethekeyideas?Doestheauthorhaveabias?Doestheevidenceseemreliable?IstheargumentsimilartoanythingelseIhaveread?DoIagreewiththewritersview?,ShouldYouUseWikipediaWhenWritingAReport?,AnanonymousWikipediacontributorwhoeditedthousandsofentriesandclaimedtobeaprofessorofreligionturnedouttobea24-year-oldcollegedropout.Bythetimehewasexposedasafraud;HewassorespectedintheWikipediacommunitythathehadevenbeenmadeanarbitrator(apersonwhojudgesotherarticlesforvalidity)byWikipediaandhadbeenhiredbyWikiaInc.,ShouldYouUseWikipediaWhenWritingAReport?,YesandNo.Yes,itcanofferausefuloverview.HOWEVERtherearemanymistakes!Scrolldownthewikipediapagetothelinksatthebottom.Readtheseandjudgeiftheyarereliable.,Plagiarism,Whatisplagiarism?Discussthisingroups-writedownadefinition.,Plagiarism,Anythingthatisnotcommonknowledgeoryourownideasandresearch(publishedornot)mustbecitedandreferenced.Ifyoudonotdothis,youareplagiarising!Ifyoureferencebutchangethemeaningormis-quotestatistics,youareplagiarising!Itisanacademicoffenceandwillresultinfailure.Ifindoubt,citethesource(Way,2015).,ReportWriting-CommonMistakesofPhrasing,Generalisations:ItisobviousthatItiscertainthat/CertainlyEveryoneknowsthatBeforeyouwriteoneofthesestatements,stopandthink!Ifitiscertain,youdonotneedtotellsomeoneeg.Itisobviousthattheworldisround.-Theworldisround.Ifitisnotcertain,youneedtocitewhereyougottheinformationfrom.,WhatisCommonKnowledge?-ToCiteorNotToCite?,“HelsinkiisthecapitalofFinland”“JerusalemistheCapitalofIsrael”AbrahamLincolnwasthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates”ThepopulationofFinlandhasbeenabout5millionforthepastseveraldecades”ThepopulationofFinlandinJuly1999was4,992,311,HowtoUseOtherPeoplesIdeasandResearch,Onceyouknowthatyoushouldcitetheinformation,youthenneedtoputitintoanappropriateform.Thisinvolvesquoting,paraphrasingorsummarising,ShortQuotes,Shouldbeintegratedintothesentenceusingreportingwords.Youshouldsitetheauthor,theyearandthepage,lineorparagraph,dependingonthesource.Shouldusedoublequotationmarks“”Eg.AccordingtoPrincetonWritingCentre(2009,para.7),directquotingshouldonlybeusedtoprovidesupportforacademicargumentfora“compelling”reasonandthechoicetoquotemaybebecause“youwantyourreadertobeabletosee,infull,whatsomeoneelsehassaid”beforeyougoontoanalysethestatement.,LongQuotes,LeaveNOSPACEaboveandbelowthelongquoteMakethetextsizethesameastheessaytextsizeIndentapproximatelyonecentimetretotherightDONOTusequotationmarksStudentsoftenmisunderstandtheroleofquotationsinwritingandoverdothestrategy:Studentsincludefourquotationswhereonewoulddo.Thiscangivetheimpressionthatyoudonthaveenoughtosayandareusingquotationstotakeupspaceacommonstrategyforsomestudents.Also,theexcessiveuseofquotes.maybetakentoindicatethatyoudontunderstandthepositionwellenoughtoexplainitinyourownwords.(Dartmouth,2008,para.11)Moreover,thereareanumberoftechnicalrulesthatstudentsneedtolearntousequotationscorrectlyintheirwriting.,Paraphrasing,OriginalfromAllen,J.(2009)Thecauseoftheindustrialrevolution,OxfordUniversityPress:UK;“Therehasbeenmuchdebateaboutthereasonsfortheindustrialrevolutionhappeningin18thCenturyBritain,ratherthaninFranceorGermany”Paraphrased:WhytheindustrialrevolutionoccurredinBritainintheeighteenthcentury,insteadofonthecontinent,hasbeenthesubjectofconsiderablediscussion(Allen,2009),Canyouidentifythekeyfeaturesofaneffectiveparaphrase?,Paraphrasing,hasadifferentstructuretotheoriginalhasmainlydifferentvocabularyretainsthesamemeaningkeepssomephrasesfromtheoriginaltextthatareincommonuseeg.industrialrevolutionoreighteenthcentury,ParaphrasingPractice,YouarewritingareportcomparingchangesinmanufacturingandculturalattitudesintheWest.Youreadthisandthinktheideaswouldbegoodtouseinyouressay.Thegrowthofthecarindustryparallelsthedevelopmentofmoderncapitalism.Inthe1920sAlfredSloansmanagementtheorieshelpedGeneralMotorstobecomethewordsdominantcarcompany.(Bailey,2013),“Thegrowthofthecarindustryparallelsthedevelopmentofmoderncapitalism”1.Firstlookforsynonymsofkeywords:Thegrowthofthecarindustryparallelsthedevelopmentofmoderncapitalism.changeitto:Theriseoftheautomobileindustrydirectlycorrespondstotheprogressofcontemporarycapitalism.2.Thenchangethestructurebutkeepthesamemeaning:Thereisadirectcorrespondencebetweentheprogressofcontemporarycapitalismandtheriseoftheautomobileindustry.3.Citetheoriginaltext:Thereisadirectcorrespondencebetweentheprogressofcontemporarycapitalismandtheriseoftheautomobileindustry(Bailey,2013).,Inthe1920sAlfredSloansmanagementtheorieshelpedGeneralMotorstobecometheworldsdominantcarcompany.1.Firstlookforsynonymsofkeywords:2.Thenchangethestructurebutkeepthesamemeaning:3.Citetheoriginaltext:,Inthe1920sAlfredSloansmanagementtheorieshelpedGeneralMotorstobecomethe