六级改错(附答案)

页眉 Therearegreatmanyreasonsforstudyingwhatphilosophers1._ havesaidinthepast.Oneisthatwecannotseparatethe historyofphilosophyfromwhichofscience.Philosophyis2._ largediscussionaboutmattersonwhichfewpeoplearequite3._ certain,andthosefewholdoppositeopinions.Asknowledge increases,philosophybudsoffthesciences. Foranexample,intheancientworldandtheMiddleAges4._ philosophersdiscussedmotion.AristotleandSt.Thomas Aquinastaughtthatamovingbodywouldslowdownuntilaforce5._ wereconstantlyappliedtoit.Theywerewrong.Itgoesonmoving unlesssomethingslowsitdown.Buttheyhadgoodargumentson theirside,andifwestudythese,andtheexperiments whichprovedthemrightthiswillhelpustodistinguishtruth6._ fromfalseinthescientificcontroversiesoftoday.7._ Wealsoseehowdifferentphilosopherreflectsthesocial8._ lifeofhisday.PlatoandAristotle,intheslave-owningsociety ofancientGreece,thoughtmanshigheststatewascontemplation ratherthanactivity.IntheMiddleAgesSt.Thomas believedaregularfeudalsystemofnineranksofangels.Herbert9._ Spencer,inthetimeoffreecompetitionbetweencapitalists, foundthekeytoprogressasthesurvivalofthefittest.Thus10._ Marxismisseentofitintoitsplaceasthephilosophyfor theworkers,theonlyclasswithafuture.Passage 2ThewhiteHousebegantobebuiltin1792,butitwasnot completeduntiltenyearslater.EveryAmericanpresidentlived initexceptforGeorgeWashington,althoughhedidhavea1._ majoritypartindesigningit.2._ Thegovernmentheldacompetitiontochoosethebest designforthepresidentshouse.Thewinnerwasayoungmanof3._ SouthCarolina,JamesHoban.Hisdesignwasathree-level houseofstone.AndPresidentWashingtonmadesomechanges inthewinningdesign.Hemadethehouselongandwider,and4._ changeditintoatwo-storiedhouseinsteadofthree. Thesecondpresident,JohnAdams,wasfirsttoliveinthe5._ WhiteHouse.Whenheandhiswifemovedontothenewhouse6._ inNovember,1800,workwasstillgoingon,althoughthemain liveareawascompleted.Thewholeworkdidnotfinishuntilthe7._ administrationofthe3rdpresident,ThomasJefferson. Twelveyearslater,theBritisharmyinvadedWashington andburnedtheWhiteHouse.Thefirecompletelydestroyedthe insideofthebuildingandexpertssaidtheWhiteHousewasso8._ dangeroustolivein.Lateronworkersrebuilttheinsideofthe WhiteHouse.Moreofficeswereadded,mostofwhichunderground.9._ Noneofthework,however,changedtheappearingof10._ thebuilding.Manypeopleaskedwhythepresidentshouseis calledtheWhiteHouse.Historianssayithasbeensocalled simplybecauseitwaspaintedwhite.passage 3Whensomenineteenth centuryNewYorkerssaid“Harlem”, theymeantalmostallofManhattanaboveEighty-sixthStreet. Towardtheendofthecentury,however,agroup ofcitizensinupperManhattan-wantperhaps,toshapeacloser1._ andmoreprecisesenseofcommunitydesignatedasectionthat theywishedtohaveknownasHarlem.Thechosenareawasthe HarlemwhichBlacksweremovinginthefirstdecadesofthe2._ newcenturyastheylefttheiroldsettlementsonthemiddleand lowerblocksoftheWestSide. AsthecommunitybecamepredominantlyBlack,thevery word “Harlem”seemedtoloseitsoldmeaning.Attimeitwas3._ easytoforgetthat“Harlem” wasoriginallytheDutchname “Harlem”;thecommunityitdescribedhadbeenfoundedby4._ peoplefromHolland；andthatformostofitsthreecenturiesit wasfirstsettledinthesixteenhundredsithadbeenpreoccupied5._ byWhiteNewYorkers.“Harlem” becamesynonymousto6._ BlacklifeandBlackstyleinManhattan.Blackslivingthere usedthewordasthoughtheyhadcoineditonthemselvesnot7._ onlytodesignatetheirareaofresidencebuttoexpresstheir senseofthevariousqualitiesofitslifeandatmosphere.Asthe yearspassed,“Harlem” assertedanevenlargermeaning.In8._ thewordsofAdamClaytonPowell,Sr.,thepastorofthe AbyssinianBaptistChurch,Harlem“becamethesymbolofliberty andthePromisedLandtoNegroeseverywhere”. By1919Harlemspopulationhadgrownbyseveralthousand. IthadreceiveditsshareofwartimemigrationfromtheSouth, theCaribbean,andpartsofcolonialAfrica.Someofthe newarrivalsmerelylivedforHarlem;itwasNewYorktheyhad9._ cometo,lookingforjobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunities oflifeinthecity.TootherswhomigratedtoHarlem,New Yorkwasmerelythecityinwhichtheyfoundthemselves: Harlemwasexactlywhattheywishedtobe.10._Passage 4AftermonthsofspeculationaboutwhatAwould dowithitsmysterioussearch-enginecompany,A9,Web surfersfinallygottheirfirsttasteonApr.14. Yetdespiteofsomeintriguingnewfeaturesnotyetfound1._ onleadingsitessuchasGoogleandYahoo!,thesite ()-stillintestmode-risesasmanyquestions2_ asitanswers. ThebiggestquestionremainsiswhetherAmazon,3._ throughA9,wouldclashintoGooglemoredirectly.4._ Googleitselfistestingasearchengineforproducts calledFrooglethatsstartingtoappealWebshoppers.5._ Atthesametime,AmazonclearlyisntlookingtolimitA9shorizons. HowdirectlyA9eventuallygoesupagainstthereigned6._ searchchampion,itfacedlotsofchallenges.Forone,7._ itmayrunintosomeofthesameprivacyissuesthat recentlyhaveplaguedGoogle.A9sprivacypolicypoints outthatinformationprovidedthroughenteringsearchterm8._ orbysigningintoonesAmazonaccountcouldsupplythecompany withinformationthatcouldpersonallyidentifythesearcher. Thosemaybesomewhatlessintrusive（打扰的，冒犯的）than9._ GooglesupcomingGmailfreee-mailoffering,whichcouldsearch thecontentsofmessagestopitchpersonalizedads.Butcomments postedonsomesitesalreadyindicatesomepeopleare uncomfortablewithGooglespotentialthreatstoprivacy.10._ Passage 5Almosteverynewinnovationgoesthroughthreephases. Wheninitiallyintroducingintothemarket,theprocess1._ ofadoptionisslow.Theearlymodelsareexpensiveand hardtouse,andperhapsevenunsafe.Theeconomic impactisrelativelygreat.2._ Thesecondphaseistheexplosiveone,wheretheinnovation wasrapidlyadoptedbyalargenumberofpeople.Itgets3._ cheaperandeasiertouseandbecomessomethingfamiliar. Andtheninthethirdstage,diffusionoftheinnovation slowsdownagain,asifitpermeatesoutacrosstheeconomy.4._ Duringtheexplosivephase,wholenewindustriesspring uptoproducethenewproductorinnovation,andtoservice it.Forexample,duringthe1920s,therewasdramatic5._ accelerationinautoproduction,from1.9millionin1920 to4.5millionin1929.Thisboomwasaccompaniedwithall6._ sortsofotheressentialactivitiesnecessaryforan auto-basednation:Roadshadtobeenbuiltforthecarsto7._ runon;refineriesandoilwells,toprovidethegasoline; andgarages,torepairit.8._ Historically,thesamepatternisrepeatedagainandagain withinnovations.Theconstructionoftheelectricalsystem requestedanenormousearlyinvestmentingenerationand9._ distributioncapacity.Theintroductionoftheradiowas followedbyabuyingspree(无节制的狂热行为)byAmericans whatquicklybroughtradiosintoalmosthalfofallhouseholds10._ by1930,upfromnearlynonein1924. Passage 6Learningdoesnothappenpassively.Itisanactivitywhichapersondoes. Itisataskwhichcanbeattemptedinvariousofways,someofwhichare1._ moreappropriatethanothers.Whenthematerialtobelearnedis2._ abriefandsimplekindwhichisfamiliarwiththepersonandofintense3._ interesttohim,effectivelearningusuallyproceedsautomatically. Inthefirstplace,thepersonatoncerelatesthematerialtoother materialwhichhasalreadysecurelylearned.Subsequently,therelevance4._ ofthenewlylearnedmaterialtohisinterestsassuresitsbeing5._ recalledonmanyoccasions;andonerepetitionminimizes6._ thelikelihoodofremembering.Furthermore,thesubsequentuse7._ ofthenewmaterialislikelytotakeplaceinavarietyofcontexts and,so,thematerialbecomesrelatedtoanarrowerrangeofothermaterial.8._ Becauseofallthis,thematerialisrapidlylearned,longretained, andrecalledwithincreasinglyreadinessinavarietyof9._ contexts.Withoutreallytrying,thepersonhadfulfilleda10._ fewimportantconditionsofeffectivelearning. Passage 11.aregreata agreatmany为固定搭配，修饰可数名词，意为“很多，大量”，后面的名词用复数形式。 2.whichthat that这里做代词，指代前文已经提到的“history”一词，而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词，代这里不能用。 3.largelargely largely这里是副词，意为“在很大程度上”，如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有largediscussion的说法，所以这里只能把large改换成副词. 4.an/ forexample是固定搭配，意为“例如”，中间不加不定冠词an。 5.untilunless until常和not连用，形成notuntil句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。unless这里是“除非”的意思。 6.rightwrong 这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong。 7.falsefalsehood 这里需要一个名词，因此把false改为falsehood。 8.differentevery 这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different改为every，既不妨碍句子意思，又符合语法规则。 9.believedain believein意为“相信”，后常接名词，而believe则为“相信或认为”，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in。 10.asin 此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存”，此句的另一表达方式为“Spencer,inthetimeoffreecompetitionbetweencapitalists,foundthesurvivalofthefittestasthekeytoprogress.”而按现有语序，需把as改成in。Passage 21.for 在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用except，否则用exceptfor。本句是说每位美国总统，除了乔治华盛顿，都曾在白宫居住过，“EveryAmericanpresident”与“GeorgeWashington”为对等成分，故应去掉for。 2.majoritymajor majority意为“大多数”、“半数以上”，一般后接复数名词，而major则为“主要的”。本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”，故应用major。 3.offrom 要表示一个人的家乡在哪里，介词应为from。 4.longlonger 本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长，更宽了一些。与原来作比较，long当然应用比较级，而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分，既然wider是比较级，long也应为比较级。 5.wasfirstthe the+序数词具有名词意味，在这里thefirst即表示thefirstpresident。 6.ontointo “搬进新居”应为“movein”或“moveinto”,moveon意为“继续前进”，而“moveonto”则是不存在的。 7.liveliving live(a)意为“活着的”，而“living”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。thelivingarea意为“适于居住的地区”。 8.sotoo 原文说，战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了，专家们说白宫太危险了，不能居住了，所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。“太太”应为“tootoo”。 9.whichundergroundwere或whichthem 本句有两种改法，若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句，则which引导一个句子，后面应加一个“were”；若想使这部分为独立成分，则改which为them。 10.appearingappearance 原句意思是说，重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。appearing为appear(出现)的v.+ing形式，appearance意为“外观，外貌”。Passage 31.wantwanting 该句的谓语动词在破折号之后，即“designat