《语义关系》PPT课件

SemanticRelationshipsbetweenChineseandEnglishWords,SemanticRelationshipsbetweenChineseandEnglishWords:,1.SemanticCorrespondence2.SemanticInclusion3.SemanticIntersection4.ZeroofSemanticMeanings,1.SemanticCorrespondence:,回扣尾灯束紧腰带法人实体综合国力民族自尊知识产权,commissiontaillighttotightenonesbeltlegalentityoverallstrengthofthecountrynationaldignityintellectualpropertyrights,2.Semanticinclusion:,风：wind,draughtE.g.Dontsitinthedraughtoryoullcatchcold.汽车：automobile(motor-car),bus,truck,minibus,taxi警察：policeman,constable,bobby,cop,smoky侮辱：abuse,insult,slander,humiliate,穿，戴wear臂，膊arm姑，婶，姨aunt姐，妹sister表兄弟，表姐妹cousin车vehicle,car,truck,lorry,cart,bus,taxi船vessel,boat,ship,ferry,canoe门door,gate,entrance酒wine,liquor,spirit,beer,rum,gin,alcohol人man,woman,person,税Tax/Duty/Tariff/bond,国税关税税率保税仓库区,StatetaxesCustomsdutiesTariffratesBondedwarehousearea,3.Semanticintersection:,(汉英之间有部分语义性同，其他语义不同）骑马,骑自行车,骑马人,骑墙,骑墙派;torideahorse,torideabike,ahorserider,tositonthefence,afencesitter;,torideinabus,ashipridingthewaves,awildgooseridingonthewind,乘公共汽车,一艘乘风破浪的船,一只御风飞行的雁,粮油价格,粮油票,军粮grainandedibleoilprices,foodandedibleoilcoupons,armyprovisionsChinaNationalCereal,OilAndFoodstuffsImport&ExportCorporation中国粮油食品进出口总公司,请买票,查票员,剪票员,普通客票,单程票,选票,支票Allfare(s),please.ticketexaminer,puncher,ordinaryticketaone-wayticketvotecheque/check,治国,治家,治沙,治山治水,治愈战争的创伤,天下大治toadminister/governacountry,tomanageahousehold,sand-control,totransformmountainsandtamerivers,tohealthewoundsofthewar,toachievegreatorderacrosstheland.,4.Zeroofsemanticmeanings:,粽子；糖葫芦；博士点，硕士点Zongzi/ricedumpling/pyramid-shapeddumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinbambooorreedleavesTanghulu,asugar-coatedfruitonthestickwhichisakindofchildrensfavouritefoodinwinterdoctoralprogrammastersprogram,要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡。GivenChinashugepopulation,loweconomicstartinglevelandunevendevelopmentindifferentpartsofthecountry,arelativelycomfortablestandardoflivingwillnotbeeasytoreachinlessthantenyears.,对词汇空缺(lexicalgap)的处理：,在目的语中无法找到对应词，所指物或事件的现象叫词汇空缺现象。词汇空缺现象是双方的文化和国情差异造成的。对词汇空缺现象的处理办法有：解释法（用于典故成语等等）音译音译加范畴概念词音译加解释意译：根据该词的内涵造词直译,1)解释法（用于典故成语等等）,东施效颦：DongshiimitatesXishi（？）Theuglyimitatesthebeautifulinsuchadistortedwaythattheuglinessoftheuglybecomesworse.狗嘴吐不出象牙：Thedogsmouthcannotspitoutivory(?)Filthymouthcantutterdecentlanguage.,2）音译,sofa（沙发）chocolate（巧克力）Volvo（沃尔沃）Daewoo（大宇）mini（迷你）mango（芒果）aspirin（阿司匹林）功夫Kongfu豆腐tofu台风typhoon叩头kowtow麻将Mahjong荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong,3)音译加范畴概念词,chocolate巧克力糖opium鸦片烟golf高尔夫球rifle来福枪nylon尼龙布,4）音译加解释,班门弄斧：ThisislikeshowingoffonesproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBan,themastercarpenter观音：BuddhismGuanyin,theGoddessofMercy鸳鸯：Mandarinduckanddrakelovebirds,5）意译：根据该词的内涵造词,皮蛋preservedeggs元宵sweetdumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflour拜堂performthemarriageceremony拔火罐cupping,在农村，特别是比较偏僻落后的农村，还残存着少数包办婚姻的陋习。,InChinasmoreremoteandbackwardruralareas,corruptpracticesexistintheformofforcedmarriages./arrangedorBoughtandsoldmarriages.,领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化ayounger,better-educatedandmoreprofessionalleadership小康水平arelativelycomfortablestandardoflivingawell-offsociety小康社会脱贫致富toshakeoffpovertyandsetoutontheroadtoprosperity,6)直译,完全保留汉语的指称意义cow-boy牛仔（不等于中国的“牧童”）Watergate水门事件（gate表示丑闻）易经BookofChanges号脉feelthepulse希望工程HopeProject四个现代化fourmodernizations,两种现象误译“假朋友”,新闻照片白酒红眼慢车街道妇女,NewsphotoWhitewineRedeyeSlowtrainStreetwomen,PressphotoSpirits/liquorPinkeye/tobegreen-eyedLocaltrainHousewivesofresidentialarea/Womeninthecommunity,3.4“假朋友”的识别,Exercises,健身房，健身俱乐部售票处，补票处东方宾馆“幽默在导游中的妙用”（题目）Theykepttheireyes(只朝上，不朝下）,健身房，健身俱乐部ExerciseRoom/gym,HealthClub售票处，补票处BookingOffice,Fare-adjustmentOffice东方宾馆DongFangHotel“幽默在导游中的妙用”（题目）OntheCleverUseofHumorinTour-GuidingTheykepttheireyes(只朝上，不朝下）onthoseabovethemratherthanthosebelowthem（双关）,Zerooflinguisticmeaning,长相思（白居易）汴水流，泗水流，流到瓜洲古渡头，吴山点点愁。思悠悠，恨悠悠，恨到归时方始休，月明人倚楼。,EverlastingLongingSeetheBianRiverflow,AndtheSiRiverflow!ByAncientFerry,minglingwaves,theygo,TheSouthernHillsreflectmywoe.Mythoughtstretchesendlessly,Mygriefwretchesendlessly,Sothusmyhusbandcomestome,Aloneonmoon-litbalcony.(trans.ByXuYuanchong),端午节,公元前278年，也就是屈原六十二岁那年，他在汩罗江边，听到秦国军队攻破了楚国的国都，便怀着悲痛的心情，