简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题(学生)

简单句的五种基本句型讲解绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语1、句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。2、谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。3、表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。4、宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。5、定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。6、英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。基本句型一：S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。_2). 她再次向我道歉。 _3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：4). Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy life._。5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. _。6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August._。7). He died a glorious death. _。基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：8) We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。12) The fact _ _. 这个事实证明是正确的。基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.14) You place me in a difficult situation._。15）They finally managed to get along with us. _。16）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。17）I dont like being treated like this._。基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March._。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb.；B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。20) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。21) Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. =Ill offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you dont lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：22）Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23）他把墙漆成白色。_.24）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_.注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：25）The boss made him do the work all day. _。英语简单句翻译练习CornwasfirstgrowninAmerica. Wouldyoulikeanotherpieceofbeancurd? Theplaneistwentytimesheavierthanthecar. Howlonghaveyoubeenawayfromyourhometown? Everyoneisallowedtoborrow2booksfromthelibrary. Eatingfreshfruitsandvegetablesisgoodforyourhearlth. Thankstotheteachershelp,hecouldenterafamouscollege. Thecoatisabitlarger.Willyoupleasechangeforasmallerone? Myparentswillgoabroadnextweek. Igothereeverythreedays. Itisraininghard,however,Ithinkweshouldgoout. Inthe1980s,telephonesbegantogointomanyChinesefamilies. Thestudentsthoughtwelloftheirnewteacher. TheEnglishpaperispopularwiththeEnglishlearners. Sofarwehaventhadanysuccess.Thedecisionisofgreatimportance. Whydontyougowithme? Therearenomorethantenstudentsintheclassroom. Thethiefbrokenawayfromthepolicemanandranaway. Weshouldtryourbesttohelpthatpooroldman. Heisconsideredtobeawarm-heartedman. Ifindhimveryfunny. Iwilltrymybesttodotheworkwell. Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies? Heusedtolikecountrymusic,butnowheprefersJazz. Theyoungtreesaregrowingwell. Wherehaveyoubeenalltheseyears? Illgetthestudentstomakeaplanforlearningaforeignlanguage. Thebookwasonceverypopularbutnobodyreadsittoday. Hepreferstostayathomeratherthan(to)meether. Thelibraryofourschoolwillsuplyallkindsofbookstothestudents. Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinmyhometownnextyear. ThestudentsofJuniorOnebegintolearnEnglishwithABC. Alotofpeoplelosttheirlivesintheaccident.Onlyafewluckyoneswerenotinjuired. 复合句的翻译练习 1当你离开教室时，务必关灯。 Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 2你一旦开始，就必须进行下去。 Once you begin, you must go on. 3如果你不快点，你就会误了火车。 Youll miss the train unless you hurry up. 4这个男孩说他曾经和一位美国人讲过英语。 The boy said he had ever spoken English to an American. 5老师告诉我们英国英语与美国英语拼写方面有些不同。 The teacher told us that there were some differences between British English and American English in spelling. 6如果今天下午下雨的话，我就乘出租车去上学。 If it rains this afternoon, Ill take a taxi to go to school. 7为了赶上头班车我明天得起得早点。 Ive to get up early tomorrow so that I can catch the first bus. 8科学家担心有一天一次更大的地震会袭击这座城市。 The scientists are afraid that one day another big earthquake will hit the city.9建于1960年的那栋房子在这次地震中巍然屹立。 The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake. 10研究地震的人们认为把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。 People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand. 11去年地震时，失去家园的人数多达5千。 The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year. 12这就是你昨天买的那本书吗？ Is this the book you bought yesterday? 13正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。 The woman who is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher. 14在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶作成的奶酪。 In western countries everybody likes the cheese which is made from milk. 15当你说英语时，必须让别人听懂。 When you speak English, you must make yourself understood. 16你认为他来回答这些问题很难吗？ Do you think it difficult for him to answer these questions? 17据报道在那个地区又建了一所新学校。 It is reported that another new school has been set up in that area. 18她出生的那个村庄很美。 The village where she was born is very beautiful. 19他想要一个能放书的箱子。 He wanted a box in which he could keep books. 20Jack有两个姐姐，其中一个是护士。 Jack has two sisters, one of whom is a nurse. 21借走我自行车的那个人叫Paul。 The man who borrowed my bike is called Paul. 22你越表扬他，他工作越努力。 The more you praise him, the harder he works. 23他买了一引起与书相配的磁带。 She has bought some tapes which go with the book. 24他在巴黎时学会了法语。 He learned French when he lived in Paris. 25那是一个女人只能呆在家里的时代。 There was a time when women could only stay at home. 26你最好带把伞，以防万一下雨。 Youd better take an umbrella in case it rains. 9建于1960年的那栋房子在这次地震中巍然屹立。 The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake. 10研究地震的人们认为把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。 People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand. 11去年地震时，失去家园的人数多达5千。 The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year. 12这就是你昨天买的那本书吗？ Is this the book you bought yesterday? 13正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。 The woman who is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher. 14在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶作成的奶酪。 In western countries everybody likes the cheese which is made from milk. 15当你说英语时，必须让别人听懂。 When you speak English, you must make yourself understood. 16你认为他来回答这些问题很难吗？ Do you think it difficult for him to answer these questions? 17据报道在那个地区又建了一所新学校。 It i