对外经贸会计课件-专业英语Cha.ppt

Slide7-1,FINANCIALASSETS,Chapter7,Slide7-2,HowMuchCashShouldaBusinessHave?,CashandcashEquivalents现金与现金等价物,Short-termInvestments,Receivables,FinancialAssets,Cashandthoseassetsthatcanbeeasilyanddirectlyconvertedintocash,Slide7-3,HowMuchCashShouldaBusinessHave?,Accountsreceivable,Marketablesecurities有价证券(short-terminvestments),Cash(andcashequivalents),Collectionsfromcustomers,Cashpayments,“Excess”cashisinvestedtemporarily.,Investmentsaresoldascashisneeded.,Slide7-4,TheValuationofFinancialAssets,Estimatedcollectibleamount,Slide7-5,Cash(现金),Coinsandpapermoney,Checks(支票),Moneyorders汇票/汇款单,Travelerschecks,Bankcreditcardsales,Cashisdefinedasanydepositbankswillaccept.,Slide7-6,Combinedwithcashonbalancesheet,ReportingCashintheBalanceSheet,Liquidshort-terminvestments,Stablemarketvalues,Matureswithin90daysofacquisition,Moneymarketfunds货币市场基金T-billsHigh-gradecommercialpaper,Slide7-7,Notavailableforpayingcurrentliabilities,ReportingCashintheBalanceSheet,Notacurrentasset,Listedasaninvestmentandfunds,“Restricted”Cash受限制现金,Slide7-8,Bankagreesinadvancetolendmoney.,ReportingCashintheBalanceSheet,Liabilityisincurredwhenlineofcreditisused.,Unusedlineofcreditisdisclosedinnotes.,LinesofCredit信用限额,Slide7-9,CashManagement,Accuratelyaccountforcash.Preventtheftandfraud.Assuretheavailabilityofadequateamountsofcash.Avoidunnecessarilylargeamountsofidlecash.,Slide7-10,UsingExcessCashBalancesEfficiently,Cashavailableforlong-terminvestmentmaybeusedtofinancegrowthandexpansionofthebusiness,ortorepaydebt.,Cashnotneededforbusinesspurposesshouldbedistributedtothecompanysstockholders.,Slide7-11,InternalControlOverCashSegregateauthorization,custodyandrecordingofcash.Prepareacashbudget.Prepareacontrollistingofcashreceipts.Requiredailydeposits.Makeallpaymentsbycheck.Verifyeveryexpenditurebeforepayment.Promptlyreconcilebankstatements.,Slide7-12,CashOverandShort现金溢缺,CashOverandShortisdebitedforshortagesandcreditedforoverages.,OnMay5,XBAR,Inc.scashdrawerwascountedandfoundtobe$10over.,Slide7-13,Cashdisbursement,Checkingaccount/chequeaccount支票账户-Anaccountwiththebankagainstwhichonecandrawchecksforpayments-signaturecard印鉴卡Practice:Issuingacheck(withsamplechecks),Slide7-14,Slide7-15,Cashdisbursement,Cashdisbursement,Slide7-16,Slide7-17,BankStatements银行对账单/银行结单,Showsthebeginningbankbalance,depositsmade,checkspaid,otherdebitsandcreditsinthemonth,andtheendingbankbalance.Exampleonpage269.,BankStatement,Slide7-18,BankReconciliationStatement银行存款余额调节表,Explainsthedifferencebetweencashreportedonbankstatementandcashbalanceindepositorsaccountingrecords.,Providesinformationforreconcilingjournalentries.,Slide7-19,ReconcilingtheBankStatement,BalanceperBank,+DepositsinTransit在途存款,OutstandingChecks未兑现支票,BankErrors,=AdjustedBalance,BalanceperDepositor,+DepositsbyBank(erestearned)(creditmemos),-ServiceChargeNSFChecks存款不足支票(debitmemos),BookErrors,=AdjustedBalance,Slide7-20,ReconcilingtheBankStatement,Allreconcilingitemsonthebooksiderequireanadjustingentrytothecashaccount.,BalanceperDepositor,+DepositsbyBank(erestearned)(creditmemos),-ServiceChargeNSFChecks(debitmemos),BookErrors,=AdjustedBalance,Slide7-21,ReconcilingtheBankStatementExample,PrepareaJuly31bankreconciliationstatementandtheresultingjournalentriesfortheSimmonsCompany.TheJuly31bankstatementindicatedacashbalanceof$9,610,whilethecashledgeraccountonthatdateshowsabalanceof$7,430.Additionalinformationnecessaryforthereconciliationisshownonthenextpage.,Slide7-22,Outstandingcheckstotaled$2,417.A$500checkmailedtothebankfordeposithadnotreachedthebankatthestatementdate.ThebankreturnedacustomersNSFcheckfor$225receivedaspaymentofanaccountreceivable.Thebankstatementshowed$30interestearnedonthebankbalanceforthemonthofJuly.Check781forsuppliesclearedthebankfor$268butwaserroneouslyrecordedinourbooksas$240.A$486depositbyAcmeCompanywaserroneouslycreditedtoouraccountbythebank.,Slide7-23,ReconcilingtheBankStatementExample,ReconcilingtheBankStatementExample,Slide7-24,ReconcilingtheBankStatementExample,Slide7-25,Usedforminorexpenditures.,PettyCashFunds零用现金基金,Hasonecustodian.,Replenishedperiodically.,PettyCashFunds,Slide7-26,PettyCashFund,EstablishingthepettycashfundPettycashfund500Cash500Reimbursing/replenishingthepettycashfund(Miscellaneous)Expenses300Cash300,Slide7-27,Practice,Exercise7.5(p.304),Slide7-28,Short-TermInvestments(短期投资),BondInvestments,CapitalStockInvestments,CurrentAssets,AlmostAsLiquidAsCash,ReadilyMarketable,MarketableSecuritiesare.,Slide7-29,Mark-to-Market(按市价计价）:ANewPrincipleofAssetValuation,Short-terminvestmentsinmarketablesecuritiesappearonthebalancesheetattheircurrentmarketvalueasofthebalancesheetdate.,Letsturnourattentiontoaccountsreceivable.,Slide7-31,UncollectibleAccounts坏账,Ifacompanymakescreditsalestocustomers,someaccountsinevitablywillturnouttobeuncollectible.,PASTDUE,Slide7-32,ReflectingUncollectibleAccountsintheFinancialStatements,Attheendofeachperiod,recordanestimateoftheuncollectibleaccounts.,Slide7-33,TheAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts坏账准备,Thenetrealizablevalue（可实现净值）istheamountofaccountsreceivablethatthebusinessexpectstocollect.,Slide7-34,WritingOffanUncollectibleAccountReceivable,Whenanaccountisdeterminedtobeuncollectible,itnolongerqualifiesasanassetandshouldbewrittenoff.,Slide7-35,WritingOffanUncollectibleAccountReceivable,AssumethatonJanuary5,K-MaxdeterminedthatJasonClarkwouldnotpaythe$500heowes.K-Maxwouldmakethefollowingentry.,Slide7-36,WritingOffanUncollectibleAccountReceivable,Assumethatbeforethisentry,theAccountsReceivablebalancewas$10,000andtheAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsbalancewas$2,500.Letsseewhateffectthewrite-offhadontheseaccounts.,Slide7-37,WritingOffanUncollectibleAccountReceivable,Noticethatthe$500write-offdidnotchangethenetrealizablevaluenordiditaffectanyincomestatementaccounts.,Slide7-38,RecoveryofanAccountReceivablePreviouslyWrittenOff,Subsequentcollectionsrequirethattheoriginalwrite-offentrybereversedbeforethecashcollectionisrecorded.,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLosses,Attheendofeachmonth,managementshouldestimatetheprobableamountofuncollectibleaccountsandadjusttheAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountstothisnewestimate.,Slide7-40,OnDecember31,2005,MusicLandsaccountingrecordsindicatethefollowing:AccountsReceivable=$50,000AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts=$200(credit)Pastexperiencesuggeststhat5%ofreceivablesareuncollectible.WhatisMusicLandsUncollectibleAccountsExpensefor2005?,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLossesExample,Slide7-41,DesiredbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLossesExample,Slide7-42,OnDecember31,2005,MusicLandsaccountingrecordsindicatethefollowing:AccountsReceivable=$50,000AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts=$200(debit)Pastexperiencesuggeststhat5%ofreceivablesareuncollectible.WhatisMusicLandsUncollectibleAccountsExpensefor2005?,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLossesExample,Slide7-43,DesiredbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLossesExample,MonthlyEstimatesofCreditLosses,TwoApproachestoEstimatingCreditLosses:BalanceSheetApproachIncomeStatementApproach,Slide7-45,EstimatingCreditLossesThe“BalanceSheet”Approach,Year-endAccountsReceivableisbrokendownintoageclassifications.,Eachagegroupinghasadifferentlikelihoodofbeinguncollectible.,Computeaseparateallowanceforeachagegrouping.,Slide7-46,EstimatingCreditLossesagingtheaccountsreceivable应收账款账龄分析,OnDecember31,2005,thereceivablesforEastCo,Inc.werecategorizedasfollows:,Slide7-47,EstimatingCreditLossesagingtheaccountsreceivable应收账款账龄分析,AtDecember31,2005,thereceivablesforEastCo,Inc.werecategorizedasfollows:,Slide7-48,EstimatingCreditLossesagingtheaccountsreceivable应收账款账龄分析,AtDecember31,2005,thereceivablesforEastCo,Inc.werecategorizedasfollows:,Slide7-49,EastCosunadjustedbalanceintheallowanceaccountis$500.Perthepreviouscomputation,thedesiredbalanceis$1,350.,EstimatingCreditLossesagingtheaccountsreceivable应收账款账龄分析,Slide7-50,AnAlternativeApproachtoEstimatingCreditLosses“IncomeStatement”Approach,Uncollectibleaccountspercentageisbasedonactualuncollectibleaccountsfromprioryearscreditsales.,FocusisondeterminingtheamounttorecordontheincomestatementasUncollectibleAccountsExpense.,Slide7-51,AnAlternativeApproachtoEstimatingCreditLosses“IncomeStatement”Approach,Slide7-52,AnAlternativeApproachtoEstimatingCreditLosses“IncomeStatement”Approach,In2005,EastCohadcreditsalesof$60,000.Historically,1%ofEastCosaccountshavebeenuncollectible.For2005,theestimateofuncollectibleaccountsexpenseis$600.($60,000.01=$600)Now,preparetheadjustingentryforDecember31,2005.,Slide7-53,AnAlternativeApproachtoEstimatingCreditLosses“IncomeStatement”Approach,Slide7-54,UncollectibleAccountsSummary,Slide7-55,DirectWrite-OffMethod直接冲销法,Thismethodmakesnoattempttomatchrevenuewiththeexpenseofuncollectibleaccounts.,Slide7-56,IncomeTaxRegulationsandFinancialReporting,Directwrite-offmethodrequiredtocalculatetaxableincome.,TaxableIncome,FinancialStatementIncome,Allowancemethodsbettermatchexpenseswithrevenues.,Slide7-57,Practice,Exercise7.9(p.305)(tobedoneafterclass),Slide7-58,InternalControlsforReceivable,Separatethefollowingduties:,Maintenanceoftheaccountsreceivablesubsidiaryledger.Custodyofcashreceipts.Authorizationofaccountsreceivablewrite-offs.,Slide7-59,ManagementofAccountsReceivable,CreditTerms,MinimizeAccountsReceivable,Extendingcreditencouragescustomerstobuyfromus.,.butittiesupresourcesinaccountsreceivable.,Slide7-60,WaystoMinimizeAmountsinAccountsReceivable,factoringaccountsreceivable应收账款让售-Sellingaccountsreceivabletoafinancialinstitution(factor)orborrowmoneybypledgingaccountsreceivableascollateralforaloanCreditcardsales(p.285),Slide7-61,EvaluatingtheQualityofAccountsReceivable,AccountsReceivableTurnoverRatio应收账款周转率Thisratioprovidesusefulinformationforevaluatinghowefficientmanagementhasbeeningrantingcredittoproducerevenue.,NetSalesAverageAccountsReceivable,Slide7-62,EvaluatingtheQualityofAccountsReceivable,Avg.NumberofDaystoCollectA/R（Averagecollectionperiod)平均收账期Thisratiohelpsjudgetheliquidityofacompanysaccountsreceivable.,DaysinYearAccountsReceivableTurnoverRatio,Slide7-63,Endofthechapter,Exercise7.10(p.306)Case7.3(p.310)Groupassignment-Problem7.2(p.309),Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingtopayondemandoratafuturedateadefinitesumofmoney.,NotesReceivableandInterestRevenue,Makerthepersonwhosignsthenoteandtherebypromisestopay.Payeethepersontowhompaymentistobemade.,NotesReceivableandInterestRevenue,PorterCompanyisreplacinganex