细胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration).ppt

WhathappenstoGlucosemadeinPhotosynthesis?,Whatisthechemicalformulaforglucose?C6H12O6Remembertheformulathatshowsglucosesugarismadebyplantsduringphotosynthesis:6CO2+6H2OC6H12O6+6O2sunlightGlucosemoleculescontainalotofEnergyinchemicalbondsholdingthecarbon,hydrogen,andoxygentogether.Wecanthinkofglucosemadeinphotosynthesisasa“Bank”forenergystorage(butitcantbedirectlyused)Thebigquestionis:Howcanwegettheenergyoutofglucose(outofthebank)soitcanbeUSEDbycells?,THEENERGYCANBEREMOVEDINONEOFTWOWAYS.,Whichwaydependsonwhetherthereis_present.EnergyRemovalMethod#1:AerobicCellularRespiration(usingoxygen)EnergyRemovalMethod#2:AnaerobicRespiration(Fermentation)(nooxygenpresent),oxygen,AerobicCellularRespiration,Formula:C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O+ATPenergyTheprocessofconvertingfoodenergyintoATPenergy,usedbyalllivingorganisms.Theprocessofaerobiccellularrespirationtakesplaceinorganellescalled_.Mitochondria_.Whynotbreakdownglucosedirectlyforenergy?Glucose90timesmoreenergythan1ATP.But,ifcellsbrokedownglucoseforenergy,toomuchenergywouldbereleasedandtherestwouldbewastedasheat.,Mitochondria,AbsorbglucoseandturnitintoATP,WhatisATP?,AdenosineTriphosphate5-Carbonsugar(Ribose)Nitrogenousbase(Adenine)3PhosphategroupsEnergycurrencyforlivingcellsThechemicalbondsthatlinkthephosphategroupstogetherarehighenergybondsWhenaphosphategroupisremovedtoformADPandP,asmallpacketofenergyisreleased(justenoughforcellularactivities),ATPisusedto_.,Movemuscles,sendsignalsthroughyourbrain,digestyourfoodSynthesizemoleculesforgrowthandreproductionMovematerialsinandoutofcellsAsATPisbrokendown,itgivesoffusableenergytopowerchemicalworkandsomenonuseableenergyasheat.,Mitochondriaarecalledthe,“PowerhousesoftheCell”becausetheyproducesomuchusefulenergy!Thereare_ofmitochondriaineachcell:AerobicRespirationproduces_ofATPenergy.WithlotsofATP,youcangrowa_and_.Alargebodyismadeofmanycells(multicellular)thatneedlotsofenergyto“talk”toeachother.,dozens,LOTS,largebody,moveveryfast,1glucose36/38ATP,AerobicCellularRespiration,Thismethodrequires_-itswhyweneedtobreatheitin.Ifweexercise_,weforceourbodytodocellrespirationfasterthanitreallycan,sowegointo“_”andhaveto_togetoxygenintoourbodiesASAP!,oxygen,toofast,OxygenDebt,pant,EnergyRemovalMethod#2:AnaerobicRespiration(Fermentation)(nooxygen),Ifoxygenismissing,(ex_).Theenergyinglucosecanbeturnedintoa_inthecytoplasmofsomecells.WithoutoxygenandsolittleATP,theseorganismscanonlymakeenoughenergytopowera_(averysmall,single-celledbody,likebacteria)_orbecomemulticellularbecausetheydonthaveenough_toallowmanycellsto“talk”toeachotherinonebody.Manyoftheseorganisms_Anaerobicrespirationistheonlywaytheycangetanyenergy.,Inmudatbottomofpond,yourintestines,AsmallamountofATP(1glucose2ATP),Unicellularbody,Anaerobescantmovefast,energy,dontevenhavemitochondria(occursincytoplasm),AnaerobicRespiration:UsesofFermentationbyPeople,ProductionofYogurt:Bacteriafermentmilkandproducelacticacidwhichcurdlesthemilk.ProductionofAlcoholicbeverages:Yeastfermentsugarstoproduceethylalcoholandcarbondioxide.ProductionofBread:ThesecanbecalledLacticAcidorAlcoholicfermentation.,LacticAcidFermentationinHumanMuscleCells,Whenexercisingvigorously,youmaynotgetenoughoxygentoyourmusclecells.YourmusclecellswillbegintoproduceATPenergybywhichmethod?AnaerobicRespiration(nooxygen)Whathappensinyourmusclecells?Produceslacticacid,causespainandsoreness,oxygendebtThisiscalled_.Howisthisrepaid?BreathinginoxygenwillallowcellstobuildupATP,getridoflacticacidandturnitbackintoglucose.,LacticAcidFermentation,SUMMARY,Glucosemustbeturnedinto_toallowcellsto_.ATPcanbeproducedin_:1._-Produces_ofATP.Madein_,Requires_.(breathing)2._-Produces_ATPMadeinthe_,Makessome_forus.,ATP,Usetheenergyinglucose,OneofTwoWays,AerobicCellularRespiration,LOTS,Mitochondria,oxygen,AnaerobicRespiration(Fermentation),little,cytoplasm,Food