《英语词汇提高》PPT课件

Chapter27,哈工大外国语学院2012春杨莉萍,inept词根ept=apt=tofit“合适，适合”,aptadj.eg.Thewordsofthereportareasapttodayasin1929.这份报告的措辞用在今天和用在1929年一样贴切。aptituden.Eg.Somestudentshavemoreaptitudeforacademicworkthanothers.有些学生比其他学生更有学术才能。adeptadj.Eg.Heisquiteadeptatarchery,nearlyalwayshittingthetargetdeadon.他很擅长于射箭，几乎每次都能射中靶心。adapt(ad=to,apt=fit)adaptoneselftosth.,(话语、描述或选择)合适的，恰当的，贴切的,天资，天赋，才能,熟练的，擅长的，内行的,innate词根nat=born,natalityn.出生率Eg.Thestatisticsshowsthatthenatalityinthecityhasbeendecreasing.统计数字表明该市的出生率一直持续下降。cognateadj.同宗的,同源的Eg.German,DutchandEnglisharecognatelanguages.德语和荷兰语为同源语言。,nationnationalnationwidenationallynationalitynationalismnationalistnationalisticnationalizev.使国有化nationalizationinternala.内在的,内部的externala.外在的，外部的internalizev.使内在化externalizev.使外在化,naturenaturalnaturallynaturalistn.博物学家naturalistica.（绘画写作等）自然主义的naturalismn.（艺术或文学的）自然主义naturalizev.使外国人入国籍nativeinternationalinternationallyinternationalisminternationalize,词根ven,vent=tocome,convenev.Eg.Peoplewereconvenedhereforanemergencymeeting.conventionn.Eg.1)Attherecentconventionadeclarationwasadopted.2)Itsjustasocialconventionthatmendontwearskirts.3)Conventiondictates(常识告诉人们)thataministershouldresigninsuchasituation.依照常规部长在这种情况下应该辞职。,人们被召集到这里举行紧急会议。,召集，集合，开会,在最近举行的大会上通过了一项宣言。,大会/惯例,习俗,revenuen.Eg.Thegovernmentsrevenueismadeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.政府的收入主要来源是靠我们所交的税。advent(ad=to,near)n.Eg.Theleapforwardincommunicationwasmadepossiblebytheadventofmobilephone.inventoryn.Eg.Thisisadetailedinventoryofallthejobstobedone.,(政府的)税收,财政收入,手机的出现带来了通讯业的飞跃。,到来，出现,这是一张待办事项的详表。,详细目录,circumvent(circum=around)v.Eg.However,theyaredislikedfortheircircuitousmannerofspeakingandtheirabilitytocircumventthelawbycitingobscurelegaldoctrines.但因为他们说话爱绕圈子，又有本事引用晦涩难懂的法律条文来规避法律约束，所以很是不讨人喜欢。ventilatev.Eg.1)Weventilatearoomtogetfreshairbyopeningwindows.2)Membersareaskednottoventilateclubproblemsoutsidethismeeting.要求会员们在这次会议之外勿公开讨论本俱乐部的问题。,规避，逃避,通风，使空气流通；发表(看法)，表达(感情),lament,v.1)toexpressfeelingofgreatsadnessabout（为）悲痛，哀悼，痛惜，悲叹Eg.Thenationlamentedthedeathofitsgreatwarleader.该国在哀悼这位伟大战争领袖之死。2)toexpressannoyanceordisappointmentaboutsth.youthinkisunsatisfactoryorunfair抱怨Eg.(1)Shelamentedthefactthatmanufacturersdidnotproducesmallpacksforsmallhouseholds.她抱怨厂商没有生产小型家庭使用的小包装。(2)Theoldgenerationarealwayslamentingthepassingoftheolddays.Eg.Itislamentablethattheofficerfailedtodealwiththesituation.,老一代人总是抱怨世风日下。,很遗憾，这位警官无法处理这一情况。,obstinate,词根st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=tostandobstinacyn.顽固Eg.Hisobstinacydrivesmemad!他顽固不化把我气得火冒三丈！stabilityn.稳定性Eg.Thegovernmenthastakenameasuretomaintainthestabilityofprices.政府已经采取了措施以确保物价稳定。stagnantadj.停滞的Eg.Duetolowinvestment,ourindustrialoutputhasremainedstagnant.由于投资少，我们的工业生产一直停滞不前。,withstandv.承受Eg.Childrensfurnituremustwithstandkicksandblows.孩子用的家具必须经得起拳打脚踢。constitutev.被视为，被算作；构成，组成；设立，成立Eg.1)Failingtocompletetheworkconstitutesabreach(违反/破坏)oftheemploymentcontract.未能完成工作被视为违反员工合同。2)Wemustredefinewhatconstitutesafamily.我们必须对家庭的构成重新定义。3)TheFederationwasconstitutedin1949.该联盟成立于1949年。,前缀ob=to/towards,over,about,near,against,as,before,upon,obedient(=tohear)adj.服从的，顺从的object(=tothrowto)v.反对，拒绝；n.物体，目标oblige(=tobindto)v.强制，施加于obstacle(=tostandagainst/over)n.障碍物,obscure(=tocoverover)adj.不清楚的，隐藏的obtain(=toholdcloseto)n.获得，得到obstruct(=tobuildover/against)阻断，遮蔽，妨碍Eg.Driverswhoparktheircarsillegally,particularlyobstructingtrafficflow,deservetobepunished.,parallel,n.arelationshiporsimilaritybetweentwothings,esp.thingsthatexistorhappenindifferentplacesoratdifferenttimes.(尤指不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似(之处)Eg.1)Enteringtheworldoffineart,shefoundmanyparallelswiththeworldoffashion.踏入美术界之后，她发现这一领域与时装界有许多共同之处。2)Shewantedtopursueherowncareerinparallelwithherhusbands.她想跟/与丈夫同时追求各自的事业。3)Thepovertyofhillfarmershadnoparallel.没人比山区农民更贫穷。,adj.平行的；相似的，同时发生的Eg.1)Shewastravelingparalleltoherpreviousroute.他现在的旅行线路和以前走过的线路平行。2)Therailwayisparallelwiththecanal.那条铁路与运河平行。3)SocialchangesinBritainarematchedbyparalleltrendsinsomeothercountries.在英国发生社会变革的同时，其他国家也出现了相似的趋势。,前缀para=beside,sidebyside,paradox(para=beside+dox=opinion)n.Eg.Althoughanapparentparadox,whenlightingisreducedinfactories,productivityincreases.虽然看上去很矛盾，不过在工厂减少照明时，生产率却提高了。paramount(para+mount=hill,mountain)adj.Eg.Childhoodvaccinationareofparamountimportancetopreventterriblediseases.从小接种疫苗对预防重大疾病至关重要（的）。paraphrase(para+phrase=tosay)v.Eg.Youshouldfootnotetheoriginalsourceevenwhenyouparaphraseapassage.即使用自己的话来解释某篇文章，也应该加注脚表明原文出处。,perceptive,词根cept,ceive,cip=totake,hold,seizeintercept(inter=between)v.Eg.Reportersinterceptedhimashetriedtoleavebytherearentrance.他想从后门溜走,记者把他截住了。preceptn.格言,言辞；戒律，准则Eg.1)Exampleisbetterthanprecept.身教胜过言教。2)Justfollowthesefewbasicpreceptsandyouwontgofarwronginlife.只要按这几条准则行事，你一生就不会出大错。,拦截,perceivev.Eg.Weperceivedthatwewereunwelcomeandleft.我们发觉自己不受欢迎，因此便离开了。incipientadj.初期的Eg.1)Shefeltforhimanincipienttenderness,butscarcelyanypassion.她对他的好感只是一种刚刚萌芽的柔情，还根本谈不上什么爱情。2)Thisnewmedicalequipmentisquitehelpfulindetectingincipienttumors.该医疗器械对诊断早期的肿瘤非常有用。emancipatev.Eg.Wemustemancipateourmindsandthinkindependently.我们需要解放思想，独立思考。,察觉,解放,sedate,adj.calm,serious,andformal安静的，安详的，庄重的Eg.Shespenttheholidayinasedat