人教版英语必修3-Unit4词汇讲解--资料.ppt

WordsandExpressions,必修三Unit4,1.astronomy/n.C/天文学,Newdiscoveriesweremadeinastronomy,geographyandmedicine.astronomer/n./天文学家IjoinedtheYoungAstronomersClub.astronaut/n.C/宇航员YangLiweibecomesthefirstChineseastronaut.,2.system/n.C/系统，体系；制度；/n.U/条理，秩序,thesolarsystem太阳系asocialsystem社会制度underthenew/oldsystem在新/旧制度下Theyhaveanalarmsysteminthehouse.他们房子里装有报警系统。,3.theory/n.U/理论,Weshouldcombinetheorywithpractice.evolutiontheory进化论intheory理论上,4.violent/adj./,violent/adj./猛烈的；激烈的；violently/adv./猛烈地；凶猛地violence/n./暴力，暴行withviolence猛烈地，强有力地haveaviolenttemper脾气暴躁takebyviolence抢夺.Whateverhappens,wewillneveruseviolence.,5.unlike/prep./存在.existence/n./存在，生存comeintoexistence(=begintoexist)产生，成立inexistence现存的，存在的,8.puzzle/n./谜，难题/v./（使）迷惑,puzzleabout/over苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feelpuzzledat/about.对.感到迷惑puzzling/adj./令人费解的puzzlement/n./迷惑,9.physicist/n./物理学家,physics/n./物理（学）physical/adj./肉体的，身体上的physicallabour体力劳动physicalchange物理变化physicalscience自然科学physically/adv./身体上；肉体上反义：metal物质的，自然界的,10.extict/adj./(生物)绝种的,灭绝的,(官职等)废除了的;无合法继承人的(法令等)过时的;失效的anextinctfamily已绝嗣的家族anextinctspecies已灭绝的物种anextinctvolcano死火山Allhopewasextinct.一切希望都破灭了。,11.pull/v./yourfatherisgoingtopullthrough.,12.exhaust/vt./使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽,Thereisnoneedtoexhaustyourselfclearingup.近义：tiresb.(out)/wearout使疲惫不堪useup=runoutof用完，用光giveout=runout用完，用光giveout筋疲力尽exhausted/adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的exhaustive/adj./彻底的，全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽,1.intime及时,intimeforsb.todosth.来得及（做）.,及时（做）ontime按时，准时attimes有时，偶尔atnotime在任何时候都不；决不（至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装）innotime立即，立刻atatime依次,2.layeggs下蛋,lay/vt./放置；安放；产卵，下蛋Shelaidthebabydowngentlyonthebed.,Bettysbirthdaypartyisgoingtobeheldinthelivingroom,withadiningtablealready_foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.chosenC.gottenD.had,A,3.givebirthto产生，分娩；引发，造成,bybirth血统上，生来，天生的atbirth出生时bring.tobirth使产生Religiousdifferencesbetweenthemgavebirthtoaar.,4.inonesturn轮到某人,inturn依次，轮流taketurnsinsth./todosth.轮流做某事Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事Youcantaketurnstousethecomputer.,5.prevent.from阻止，制止,preventsb.(from)doingsth.=stopsb.(from)doingsth.在主动语态中from可以省略，而在被动语态中from不可以省略。keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。protect.from.表示“保护.不受.损害”from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。,6.cheerup,cheer(sb./sth.)up（使）感到高兴；（使）感到振奋cheersb.on为某人加油cheers!干杯！Cheerup!Wearenearthefinishingline.,7.nowthat既然，由于,课文原句：“Ohdear,”walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”nowthat引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略that.与nowthat意思相近的有seeingthat,since等。就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当nowthat引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so.,辨析nowthat/because/since/as/for,nowthat说明已经成为事实的原因.because语气最强，回答是用why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为“既然”，常放在句首。as表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于”for是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。,7.nowthat既然，由于,注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：dueto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof,owningto,onaccountof等。Now(that)youhavementionedit,Illkeepitinmind.,8.getthehangof,得知的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事Typingiseasyonceyougetthehangofit.,9.breakout突发，爆发,Thefirebrokeoutlastnightinhisneighboursfurther.breakinto强行进入某处breakin强行进入breakdown停止运转；失败；垮掉breakup解散，分解breakthrough取得突破,10.watchoutfor留意,Watchout!Thereisacarcoming.小心！有车来了。拓展：watchover照顾；监督；保护keepawatch守望，注视beunderaclosewatch被严密监视,11.blockout1）挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）,Blackcloudsblockedoutthesun.Thememorywassoterriblethatshetriedtoblockitout.拓展blockoff（用路障）封锁，堵住blockup塞住，封住（孔、洞）blockonesway挡住某人的去路blocksth.in/out草拟；画.的简略图,12.dependon/upon依赖，依靠；取决于,Thepoormandependsonhissontoearnmoney.依靠某人做某事dependon/uponsb.todosth.dependon/upononesdoingsth.That/It(all)depends.依情况而定。,.句型透视,1.“so.that”句型Theearth_(变得如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.“makeitpossibletodosth.”结构Thisproducedachainreaction,which_(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能).,becamesoviolentthat,makeitpossibleforlifetodevelop,.句型透视,3.“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried_(是地球上的两倍远)andfellover.4.nowthat引导的原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpractice_(既然地球引力已发生了变化).,twiceasforasontheearth,nowthatthegravityhaschanged,.句型透视,5.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。,make+宾语+宾语补足语,名词或形容词,不带to的不定式todo,过去分词v-ed,介词短语,make+it+/adj./&/n./+不定式/从句,find,feel,think,take也有这样的用法,.句型透视,(1)“.倍数as形容词/副词as.”表示“是的几倍”,该句型也可用half,one-fourth等词,表示“是的一半/四分之一”等。(2)有关倍数的表达方式还有：.倍数形容词/副词的比较级than.倍数the名词of.倍数+wh