Unit-8-Economic-Growth-is-a-Patch--to-Perdition-by-HU-Dan(1)-(1).ppt

,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,WayneEllwood,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,Unit8,Questions/Activities,Check-onPreview,Objectives,W,B,T,R,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,Unit8,Warmingup,Warmingup,Questions/Activities,Howdoyouunderstandthecartoonbelow?,W,B,T,R,Warmingup,Questions/Activities,Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions1.Whatistheauthorsmainargument?2.Ifeconomicgrowthisapathtoperdition,asclaimedbytheauthor,theninwhatway(s)?3.Doyouagreewiththeauthor?Whyorwhynot?,W,B,T,R,Check-onPreview,Matchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.,1.ponent3.(tax)breaks4.foul5.way(abovetheaverage),a.reductionsorexemptionsb.pollute;makedirtyc.toagreatdistanceorextent;veryfard.toreviseandpolishuntilitisperfecte.advocate,supporter,defender,W,B,T,R,Warmingup,Check-onPreview,Paraphrasethefollowingsentenceswevebeendrawingdownthebiospheresprincipalratherthanlivingoffitsannualinterest.Evenonitsownterms,growthisntworking.Weavoidtalkingabouttheskeweddistributionoftheplanetswealthandincome,dreaminginsteadthatwecangrowourwayoutoftheproblem.,W,B,T,R,Warmingup,Objectives,UnderstandtheargumentsandreasoninginthetextExploreconnectionsandpossibleconflictsbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionExploreconnectionsandpossibleconflictsbetweeneconomicgrowthandsocialequality(well-being)(ifpossible)evaluateontheargumentspresentedinthetext,W,B,T,R,Warmingup,Background,Subject,Author,B,W,T,R,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,Unit8,Background,Author,WayneEllwood,editorialandfeaturewriterforNewInternationalistmagazinehasbeenwritingfortheNewInternationalistsince1979thisarticle,firstpublishedinOct.2010,isentitledNaturesBottomLinehisotherarticlesinclude:RedesigningtheGlobalEconomy,TheWorldTradingSystemisCorruptandUnjust,TheNo-nonsenseGuidetoGlobalization,LifeBeyondGrowth,etc.,B,W,T,R,Background,Author,ThefollowingisanexcerptfromanotherarticleofWayneEllwood,LifeBeyondGrowth“Theglobaleconomyisagaingrindingtoahaltwhileordinarypeopletakethehit.TheghostoftheGreatDepressionofthe1930shoversinthewings.Sowhatsthesolution?Growth.Agrowingeconomyequalsmorejobs,risingincomes,peaceandprosperity.Withoutgrowththesystemwouldcollapse.GetgrowthbackontrackandeverythingwillbeOK.Thatsthetheory.Butno-oneistalkingaboutthebiggestdilemmaofall:economicgrowthmaynotbethecurebutthesourceoftheproblem.Afterallweliveonafiniteplanetwithlimitedresources.Howcanweexpecttogrowforever?”,B,W,T,R,Background,Subject,Historyofgrowthasanidea,Growthisamodernideaaproductofthe17thand18thcenturyEuropeanEnlightenmentthatchallengedtraditionalviewsofreligionandhumankindsplaceinthecosmos.ThinkerslikeLockeinEngland,HumeinScotland,VoltaireinFranceandPaineintheUSmappedoutthisnewintellectualterrain.Thisrupturewithtraditionchangedage-oldcyclicalthinkingtosequentialthinking,unleasheddemocraticpoliticalmovementsandusheredintheruleoflaw.Theideaofprogressbecameparamount:thenotionthathistoryhasadirection,whichisthegradualimprovementofthehumancondition.Theriseofscienceandtheempiricalmethodmergedwithimprovedtechnologies(thesteamengine,gunpowder,theprintingpress)stimulatingearlycapitalism.Economicgrowthbecamesynonymouswithsocialprogress.Europeancolonialismspreadtheideaaroundtheworld.Butsoontheconceptofimprovementwaseclipsedbyanarrowfixationonnumbers.Thegrossmeasureofeconomicoutput(GDP)becamethebenchmarkforeconomicsuccess,detachedfrombroadnotionsofthepublicgood.Growthwithoutconcernforitssocialorecologicalconsequencesbecametheoverarchinggoalofgovernmentpolicy.,B,W,T,R,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,Unit8,TextAnalysis,T,W,B,R,TextAnalysis,Theme,Economicgrowthv.enviromentalprotectionEconomicgrowthv.socialequalityandwell-beingTheGDP-driventest(GDPiseverything)inChina(news:StopCramming:CityCancelsGDP-drivenTest),T,W,B,R,Structure(29paragraphs),I.Introduction.(1-3):DarwinslongbattleagainsttheBiblicalmythofcreation.II.Themodernmythofeconomicgrowth(4-8)A.Definition.(4-6)1.Themythbeingmoredangerous.(4)2.Themyththateconomybeingabletogrowforever.(5-6)B.Normalpatternofeconomicgrowthbefore1940s(7)C.Thelatestglobaleconoimicslumpchallengingthemyth.(8),III.Rootcauseofthemyth(9-11)A.Growthbeingthecoreofcapitalism.(9-10)B.Statisticsoftherapidgrowth(11)IV.Refutationofthemyth(12-25)A.Finitenessofnaturalresources(12-13)B.Statisticsofecologicaldecline.(14-15)C.TheEcologicalFootprintmodel:definitionandlimitation.(16)D.Dangerof“overshooting”theearthsresources.(17-18)E.Catastrophiceffectsofoveruseofoilforgrowthontheenvironment(19-21)F.Growthanexcuseforcontinuedinequalitybetweenrichandpoorcountries(22-25)V.Conclusion:Themissionofhumanity:Changingthewayasitis.(26-29),TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:MainIdea,WhydoestheauthorstartthearticlewithDarwinandhisbook?WhatdoyouknowaboutDarwins“longbattle”?Howdoestheauthormakesmoothtransitionintothenextpart?Doyouthinkeconomicgrowthisamoredangerousandmoredeeplyrootedmythenvelopingus?Whyorwhynot?,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:SentenceParaphrase,But150yearsago,Darwinwassailingintochoppywaters.TheChurchofEnglandhadsetrigidboundaries,andhisthesiswasclearlyachallengetotheorthodoxviewthathumanswereaseparate,uniquepartofGodscreationandthatalllifewasdivinelycreatedandunchangeable.,usedfigurativelyheremeaningenteringadangerousfieldwhereyoucaneasilygetintoserioustrouble,establishstrictruleslimitingyourthinkingoraction,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:Wordsourmodernglobalizedeconomymarchesonoil.ButitsaFaustianbargain.,anarmyneedsaregularsupplyoffoodinordertokeeponfighting,bewillingtosacrificeanythingtosatisfyalimitlessdesirefor;alsoadealwiththedevilorpactwiththedevil.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(Sec.2):Wordstakeforgranted;hitthenailonthehead;tipthebalance;Playout,Thefootprintapproachdoesthereverse,comparingcontainaboutthesameamountofenergyas,wearewellpast(theecologicallimitstogrowth)atabreakneckspeed.Thistranslatesinto,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(Sec.2):Exercise,1.水循环2.自然界的废物处理3.温室气体排放4.气候调节5.化石燃料的燃烧6.用尽大量资源7.生物承载力,A.climateregulationB.watercycleC.naturalwastetreatmentD.biocapacityE.depletestocksofresourcesF.combustionoffossilfuelsG.greenhousegasemissions,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartIISection3,Whatdoestheauthormeanby“growthisanexcuseforcontinuedinequality.”Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thehiddeninjuriesofclass(shorter,unhealthier,andunhappierlivesaddictedtoamindlessconsumerismthatisdepletingtheplanetsresources.)”?Howdoyouunderstand“rampingupGDPwithoutimprovingtechnologicalefficiencyleadstomoreenvironmentaldamage.Yetimprovingefficiencyleadstomoregrowth,whichleadstothesameresult.”?,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(Sec.3):SentenceParaphrase,Evenonitsownterms,growthisntworking.,isnthavingtheintendedeffectorresult.Pleaseelaborate,inonesownway;accordingtoonesownconditions;byitsown,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(Sec.3):Wordswherepovertyisentrenchedandlivingstandardsdesperate,wehavebeenlivingbeyondourecologicalmeansaverageimprovementsof2%ayearwereeclipsedbygrowthratesof3%,R,W,B,T,EconomicGrowthisaPathtoPerdition,NotProsperity,Unit8,Reinforcement,Listening,Discussion,Reinforcement,Listening,Pleaselistento(watch)thefollowingvideo/audioclipsAnInconvinientTruth(anOscar-winningdocumentary)MoreonGlobalWarming(aVOAreportonopposingviewsthatglobalwarmingisnotarealdanger),R,W,B,T,Reinforcement,Discussion,Workingroupsoffour:Whatisthemainideaofthedocumentary?DoyoufindAlGoresargumentsconvincing?Anyargumentorreasoningyoufindnotvalid?Whatisthemainoppositionpresentedinthesecondclip?Areyouconvinced?Whatisyouropiniononglobalwarming:isitarealdanger?Ifitis,whatshouldwedototacklethisproblem?,R,W,B,T,Translation,记住,因为在将来的岁月中,你会更多地听到像气候异常、水危机、饥荒、瘟疫、全球变暖、空气和水中毒、沙漠化、水土流失等事件。Keepthisinmind,becauseyouregoingtobehearingalotmoreintheyearsaheadaboutthingslikeclimateaberration,watercrisis,famine,pestilence,globalwarming,airandwaterpoisoning,desertification,soilerosion,etc.,2.如今人类的活动正在给地球生态系统施加巨大的压力。所有重要的资源都正在被迅速地耗尽。那种发达国家的人们认为是理所当然而对其他世界国家更多的人民都热切盼望的生活是不可持续的。HumanactivitynowadaysisputtingaheavystrainonEarthsecosystem.Allvitalresourcesarebeingquicklydepleted.Thekindoflifepeopletakeforgrantedindevelopedcountriesandmorepeopleyearnforintherestoftheworldisunsustainable.,我们通常认为，我们生产物品是为了满足人们的需要，|但是实际上在很多情况下我们粗制滥造出的很多东西仅仅是为了满足人们对利润的贪婪。我们为市场生产的很多东西实际上并不需要，甚至毫无用处。Wenormallythinkthatweproducethingstomeetpeoplesneeds,butactuallyinmanycaseswearechurningoutthingsonlytosatisfypeoplesgreedforprofits.Manythingsweproduceforthemarketareactuallyunnecessaryorevenuseless.,几百年来，一直存在一种错误的观念，即军事力量对一个国家极其重要。但现在，越来越多的人已经认识到，我们称之为软实力的东西很重要。谁能赢得人心，就能赢得世界。Formanycenturies,thegreatsustainingmythwastheimportanceofthemilitarypowerofacountry.Buttodaymoreandmorepeoplerealizeth