全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4-unit-6-课件

D R _ Text 1,Old Father Time Becomes a Terror,Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.,Richard Tomkins,D R _ Text 2,The motorcar, for example, promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams.,The aircraft promised new horizons, too. The trouble is, it delivered them. Its very existence created a demand for time-consuming journeys that we would never previously have dreamed of undertaking the transatlantic shopping expedition, for example, or the trip to a convention on the other side of the world.,D R _ Text 3,In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming.,D R _ Text 4,Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet. Technology apart, the Internet points the way to a second reason why we feel so time-pressed: the information explosion.,D R _ Text 5,A couple of centuries ago, nearly all the worlds accumulated learning could be contained in the heads of a few philosophers. Today, those heads could,not hope to accommodate more than a tiny fraction of the information generated in a single day. News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate.,D R _ Text 6,“In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”,D R _ Text 7,There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.,D R _ Text 8,“Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling of pressures can also be exaggerated, or self- imposed,imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says.,D R _ Text 9,“Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.,D R _ Text 10,In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least less than an hour-were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspring.,D R _ Text 11,There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we have already noted, technology did not end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of,free time between the sexes. According to the Henley Centre, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers get 14.,D R _ Text 12,Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted.,D R _ Text 13,“People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonalds and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One example is what Americans call concierge services domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales though not, as yet, profits.,D R _ Text 14,A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about people taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies. The trouble with all these reactions is that liberating time whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.,D R _ Text 15,As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good,good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.” A more successful remedy may lie in understanding the problem rather than evading it.,D R _ Text 16,Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim.,D R _ Text 17,It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair.,D R _ S_ The trouble is ,The trouble is, it delivered them.,What do “deliver” and “them” here refer to?,“Deliver” means to provide or to bring, “them” here refers to “horizons”.,2. What does “trouble” imply?,It implies the unfavorable effect of the invention of aircraft, that is, people, driven on by new horizons, would like to spend more time on time-consuming journeys.,D R _ S_ Now ,Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.,1. Paraphrase “the expanding frontiers of scholarship”.,the ever-advancing development in the new field of academy,2. What is the purpose for the author to quote this sentence?,The purpose is to give us a more vivid picture about the information explosion.,D R _ S_ So we suffer from ,So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance s the confusion of endless choice.,1. What does “super abundance” refer to?,It refers to the a quantity of goods and services.,2. What can we infer from the sentence?,The quantity of goods and services is too much, it is endless, and whats more, it increases our time stress levels.,D R _ S_ Its almost ,Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy.,1. What does “stress envy” mean?,If you are not stressed, that shows you are not very successful.,2. Why does the author mention the “stress envy”?,To make his argument comprehensive and more convincing, the author revealed the fact that not everyone is overstressed though 50 percent of unemployed or retired people tell you they never have enough time to get things done.,3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,这几乎到了羡慕压力的程度。,D R _ S_ The gains ,The gains, however, were unevenly distributed.,1. What does “the gains” refer to?,“The gains” refers to the five hours a week Americans had gained as their free time.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,但增加的时间分配得并不均匀。,D R _ S_ As a result,1. What does “appalling” mean?,“Appalling” means “amazing, surprising”.,2. What can we learn from the sentence?,The advances in household appliances havent set women free from household chores.,As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of free time between the sexes.,D R _ S_ One is an attempt ,One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time.,1. Paraphrase the sentence.,One reaction is trying to obtain the largest possible quantities of content by consuming time as little as possible.,2. Give a few examples of this reaction.,People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted.,D R _ S_ Anything that ,Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market.,2. Why is it “a growth market”?,Because people are trying to buy time and you can definitely gain profits to help them “save” time.,1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,任何能帮助我们提高生活效率的事物都有越做越大的市场。,D R _ S_ As Godbey ,As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it.,We are not lacking in time. Actually it is our ever-increasing desires that make us feel time-starved.,Paraphrase the part of the sentence after “point out”.,D R _ word _quantities of,quantities of: a large amount of,The key to staying healthy and strong when backpacking(挑运) is to eat large quantities of energy-rich foods.,在寒冷的冬天，大部分动物必须通过吃大量的食物来获得维持正常生命活动的能量。,In cold weather most animals must eat large quantities of food to obtain the energy needed to carry on normal body activities.,Collocation:,a large quantity of,大量的,D R _ word _eat into,eat into: gradually reduce the amount of (sth. valuable); damage or destroy,Acid eats into the metal, damaging its surface.,His extravagances ate into his inheritances.,Collocation:,eat out of,吃光,D R _ word _ in reality,in reality: in actual fact; really,He became that countrys ruler both in name and reality.,Some famous private schools are theoretically open to the public, but in reality are attended by those who can afford the fees.,Collocation:,accept reality,承认事实,deny reality,否认事实,face reality,面对事实,D R _ word _ multiply1,multiply: v.1) increase in number or quantity,Fear multiplies the difficulties of life.,我们可以将高乘以宽以求出面积。,We could multiply the height by the width to determine the area.,In a few minutes people in the square multiplied into thousands.,2) add a number to itself a particular number of times,Multiplying large quantities in ones head has become a lost art since the arrival of the calculator.,D R _ word _ multiply2,multiply 常指自然生殖或同类事物的不断重复而造成的增 加，也可以指大幅度或成倍的增加。例如：increase 是最普通的用语，表示通过增加数量或自然增大 而在数目、规模、分量、程度等方面的增长，常 含有递进性或按比例增加之意。例如：,两国间的贸易额每年都在递增。,multiply, increase & add这几个词都是动词，都有“增加”、“增大”之意。,CF:,Rabbits multiply rapidly.,兔子繁殖很快。,The volume of trade between the two countries has been increasing each year.,D R _ word _ multiply3,add 主要指通过添加而导致在数量、大小、重要性方面的 增加。add 常与介词to 连用。例如：,这些事实综合起来，构成了一个无可争辩的理由。,That was adding fuel to the fire.,这正是火上加油。,The facts added together to build up an indisputable theory.,D R _ word _pour in,Messages of congratulation came pouring in.,pour in: go into a place quickly and in large numbers,Many football fans poured into the stadium to have a look at their favorite football players.,Collocation:,pour down,沿流下,pour from,从流下,pour into,流进,D R _ word _comparative,Some sociologists have carried out large-scale historical-comparative studies.,comparative: adj. involving comparison or comparing,Ethology is a science concerned with the comparative study of animal behavior.,D R _ word _amount to,In 1959 the combined value of U.S. imports and exports amounted to less than 9 percent of the countrys gross domestic products.,amount to: be equal to; add up to,这就等于要把整件事重做一遍。,This amounts to doing the whole thing over again.,D R _ word _minute1,A minute examination revealed small flecks (斑点) of blood on the coat.,minute: adj. very small in size or amount,The kitchen is minute, with barely room for two people to turn around.,minute 意思是“很小的”、“细微的”，在本组词中算 是“最小的”。small 指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方 面“小的”、“少的”。,minute, small & little 这几个词都是形容词，都有“小的”之意。,CF:,D R _ word _minute2,little 没有真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示所谈及的 人、物小得可爱。而small就没有这种含义，它多表示 比较，是相对而言的。,Fill in the blanks with the following words.,minute, small & little,1. He is a man, only one point five meters tall.2. His writing is . 3. What a nice garden!4. There is a bird in the tree.5. There are particles of gold dust on the ground.6. You made one or two mistakes.,small,_,small,_,minute,_,minute,_,little,_,little,_,D R _ word _frontier1,To open up the space frontier, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)(（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局) will try to lower the cost of access to Earth orbit.,frontier: n. (usu. pl) extreme limit of an area of knowledge or a particular activity,the frontiers of medicine,2) border between two countries,D R _ word _frontier2,Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848 m (29,035 ft), rises in the Himalayas on the frontier of Nepal (尼泊尔) and China.,瑞典的边界与挪威、芬兰相连。,Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finland.,D R _ word _stress1,stress: 1) n. pressure or worry resulting from mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc. (followed by on),Population growth and pollution place enormous stress on the worlds supply of usable water.,他的压力很大因为他的工作太多了。,He is under stress because he has too much work to do.,2) vt. put stress, pressure, or strain on,A person who is stressed typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentrating or remembering.,D R _ word _stress2,I must stress that what I say is confidential.,Collocation:,lay / put / place stress on / upon,着重于，把重点放在上,D R _ word _prosperity,prosperity: n. state of being economically successful; state of being successful or rich,War brings no prosperity to the great mass of ordinary citizens.,Some people argue that globalization will bring the prosperity so far enjoyed only by wealthy industrialized nations to the developing countries.,D R _ word _oblige1,oblige:1. vt. 1) do (someone) a favor,Please oblige me by leaving me alone.,请给我一根火柴，好吗？,Could you oblige me with a match?,2) force (someone to do something) (usu. used in the passive voice),In certain countries the law obliges parents to send their children to school.,D R _ word _oblige2,请唱支歌，好吗？,Will you oblige with a song?,He felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant argument.,2. vi. polite to do (someone) a favor,We are happy to oblige.,Collocation:,oblige by,答应做使满足,oblige with,以使满足,D R _ word _abundance1,abundance: n. quantity that is more than enough; plenty,Most milk consists of an abundance of the major nutrients needed by the body for good health.,She had an abundance of very black hair.,Collocation:,an abundance of,大量的,in abundance,富有,By the mid-15th century paper was available in abundance.,D R _ word _abundance2,a life of abundance 富裕的生活,of abunda