Table-manners.ppt

1,Tablemanners,徐,2,Goodmannersaregoodbusiness礼仪周到，生意兴隆。Ifthematwerenotlaidinarightposition,hewouldnotsitonit.席不正，不坐。ConfuciusWhendrinkingwithfellowvillagers，ConfuciuswouldleavethetableOnlyafterthecane-carryingoldpeoplehadleft乡人饮酒，杖者出，斯出矣。ConfuciusRuleofthumbforeatingis“WheninRomedoastheRomansdo”Thismeanspayingattentiontowhatothersaroundyouaredoingandgowiththeflow“入国问禁，随乡就俗”。,3,Etiquette,WhatisEtiquette?Etiquetterelatestoacodeofbehavioramongpeoplewithinanorganization,grouporsociety.,4,Etiquette,Asthestorygoes,LouisIvysgardeneratVersailleswasfacedwithaseriousproblemhecouldnotstopmembersofthenobilityfromtramplingaboutitindelicateareasofthekingsgarden.Hefinallyattemptedtodissuadetheirunwantedbehaviorbypostingsignscalledetiquetteswhichwarnedthemto“Keepoffthegrass”.Whenthiscourseofactionfailed,thekinghimselfhadtoissueanofficialdecreethatnoonecouldgobeyondtheboundsofthesigns.Later,thename“etiquette”evolvedandthenamewasgiventoaticketforcourtfunctionsthatincludedrulesregardingwheretostandandwhattodo.,5,SowhatdoesEtiquetteinvolve?,Knowing/respectingpeoplescustomsandtraditionsObservingcertainbehaviorandactionswheninagroupofpeopleObservingappropriatemannersRemember:Yourbehaviorandmannersshouldconsistentlycorrespondwithyourwellgroomedimage.,6,commonslip-upswhichweoftenmakePoorlisteningskillsDisregardofsharedpropertyandothersspaceEmbarrassingothersPoortablemannersInappropriatepraiseofothersInappropriatelanguageDisregardofotherstimeInappropriatedressandgroomingMisuseoftelephoneFailuretogreetsomeoneappropriately,7,TherearevariousaspectstoSocialEtiquette.TodaywewillfocusonTableManners,8,Contents,Servingorder,Concretemanners,9,InEuropeanandAmericancountries,thedinningtablearemostlyrectangular.Somescrupuloushostessesalsowilllayupthecardofcompellationtoshowtheorderofseats.Accordingtotheseatingconvention,amansitsbesidesawoman.Thecouplessitinthediagonalway.（thesegregationofthesexes.）Thehostandthehostesssitatbothendsofthetablerespectively,andthentheguestofhonor,menandwomen.Themajormaleguesttakeshisseatintherightofthehostess.Womenarefirstconsideredtobearrangedtohaveseatsinthewest.Theseatontherightsideofthemasterisbetterthantheleft.,theseatingarrangement,10,11,theseatingarrangement,12,座次排列的基本规则女士优先恭敬主宾以右为尊距离定位面门为上交叉排列,一般说来，女主人大多坐在面对门的离门最远的位置，与之相对的是男主人的座位。女主人右手边的位置是第一主宾席，一般是位男士；男主人右边的座位是第二主宾席，一般是主宾的夫人。女主人左边的座位是第三主宾席，男主人的左边的座位是第四主宾席。在座位安排中尽量避免两男主宾或两女主宾坐在一起的情况。这样的安排方式有助于主人更好的服务于客人，增进彼此的了解和熟悉度，便于交流沟通。,13,座次排列的详情：长桌,门,14,座次排列的详情：圆桌,门,座次排列的详情：方桌,15,InChina,anybanquetonlyhasoneform.Everybodysitsinacircle.Thebanquetusuallyusetheroundtable,whichformallyhascreatedonekindofunity,politeness,andalivelyatmosphere.Whereaguestisseateddependsonhisage,socialstatusandsoon.Maketheeldershaveasitfirst.Theseatfacingtothedooristheseatofhonor,Theleftseatismoreexaltedthantherightone.Theseatinthefrontoftableismoreexalted.Theseatinthemiddleismoreexaltedthantheonebesidesit.“面门定位”、“对门为上”“以左为尊”、“以远为上”（传统座次（春秋战国秦汉晋一直是右为尊，隋唐之后左为尊。）,16,现在我们较为流行的宴客座次安排为：1、“主陪”即请客的最高职位者，位置在正冲门口的正面。2、“副陪”位置：即陪客者里面第二位尊贵的人。位置在主陪的对面，即背对门口。3、“三陪”位置：位置在主陪的右手边第二位置。4、“主宾”位置：主宾是是客人里面职位最高者或地位最尊贵者做的地方。位置在“主陪”的右手边。5、“副主宾”位置：位置在“主陪”的左手方。6、“三宾”位置：即副宾，位置在“副陪”的右手方。7、“四宾”位置：即副宾，位置在“副陪”的左手方。,此外虽然现时流行是以右为尊，但部分宴会依然是依照传统形式以左为尊。,17,teapot,plate,bowl,chopsticks,soupspoon,Chinesetableware,18,napkin,Westerntableware,plate,glass,knife,spoon,fork,19,Tablesetting,WhiteWineGlass,RedWineGlass,ChampagneGlass,Plateandflatwareshouldbe1”fromedgeoftableKnifebladesalwaysfacetheplateThenapkingoestotheleftofthefork,orontheplate.Thefoldinthenapkinshouldbetotheouteredge.ThebreadandbutterplateandknifeareoptionalBeverageglassatthetipoftheknife.,20,21,FormalTableSetting,NapkinSaladforkDinnerforkDessertforkBread-and-butterplate,withspreaderDinnerplateDinnerknifeTeaspoonTeaspoonSoupspoonCocktailforkWaterglassRed-wineglassWhite-wineglassCoffeecupandsaucer*,22,SolidstotheleftLiquidstotheright“b”readand“d”rinkPickupsilverwarefromtheoutsideintowardyourplatePutnapkinonlapassoonashostdoes.Napkinsremainonyourlapuntilcompletionofmeal.Neveruseasabib.,Tablesetting,23,Wheneatingwithsilverware,startfromtheoutsidepieces,thenusetheutensilsforeachsuccessivecourse.Thepiecesclosesttotheplatearefordessert.Whenhavingsoup,movethespoonawayfromyoutospoonoutthesoup.Whenalittleremains,youmayraiseslightlythesideofthebowlclosetoyoutoscoopupwhatisleft.使用餐具吃饭时，首先从最外侧开始，刀和叉是用来吃第二道菜及以后的菜的。最靠近盘子的餐具要留到最后用。用匙舀汤时，匙要从里往外舀。汤快喝完了时，可将汤盘近身一侧抬高一点,24,Servingorder,Starter/AppetizersTheSoupCourseTheFishCourseTheMain/MeatCourseTheSaladCourseDessertsDrinks,starter,soup,maincourse,dessert,drinks,25,1.Starters/Appetizer,头盘，也称为开胃菜，一般有冷盘和热头盘之分，常见的品种有鱼子酱Caviar、鹅肝酱GooseLiverpaste、熏鲑鱼SmokedSalmon、鸡尾杯ShrimpCocktail、焗蜗牛BakedSnail等。因为是要开胃，所以开胃菜一般都具有特色风味，味道以咸和酸为主，而且数量较少，质量较高。,26,7,Forthestarter/Afterthestarter,whatshouldyoudo?,Forthestarter,whichyoueatwiththesmallerpair,youkeeptheknivesinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.Afterthestarter,youwillgetabowlofsoup-butonlyonebowlofsoupandneveraskforasecondserving.,27,2.Soup,大致可分为清汤、奶油汤、蔬菜汤和冷汤ColdSoup等4类。品种有牛尾清汤FrenchCanap、各式奶油汤CreamSoup、海鲜汤SeafoodSoup、意式蔬菜汤、俄式罗宋汤BorschSoup、法式葱头汤OnionSoup,Thelargestspoonatyourplaceisthesoupspoon.Itwillbebesideyourplateattheright-handside.,28,Maincourse(meatcourse),Fishcourse,鱼类菜肴一般作为第三道菜，也称为副菜。通常包括水产类菜肴、蛋类、面包类等。因为鱼类肉质鲜嫩，比较容易消化，所以放在肉类菜肴的前面，叫法也有所区别。,Amaindishisthefeaturedorprimarydishinamealwhichisusuallytheheaviest,heartiest,andmostcomplexorsubstantivedish.Themainingredientisusuallymeatorfish;invegetarianmeals,themaincoursesometimesattemptstomimicameatcourse.Itisusuallyservedbythehosthimself,especiallyifitisafowl(鸡禽）oraroastwhichneedtobecarved.Hewilloftenaskeachguestwhatpieceheprefers,anditisquitepropertostateyourpreferenceastoleanorfat,dark（红肉）orlight（白肉）.,29,8,Formaincourse,whichpartofthebirddomanyWesternersthinktobethebest?Whatcantheydowheneatingchickenorotherbirds?,ManyWesternersthinkthechickenbreastwithitstenderwhitefleshisthebestpartofthebird.Theycanusetheirfingerswhentheyareeatingchickenorotherbirds,butnevertouchbeeforothermeatonbones.,30,Saladcourse,可以安排在肉类菜肴之后，也可以与肉类菜肴同时上桌，蔬菜类菜肴在西餐中称为沙拉。与主菜同时搭配的沙拉，称为生蔬菜沙拉，一般用生菜lettuce、番茄、黄瓜、芦笋asparagus等制作。,Dessert,西餐的甜品是主菜后食用的，可以算作是第六道菜。从真正意义上讲，它包括所有主菜后的食物，如布丁Pudding、冰淇淋Icecream、蛋糕CheeseCake、巧克力、水果等等。,Drinks,1.drinksoftdrinksifyoudrivehomeafterdinner.2.drinkwhiteorredwinewithfood3.raiseglasses/shouldnttouch4.onlysip5.neverdrinktoomuch,31,Wineglassesshouldbeheldbythesteminthecaseofwhitewines,andbycuppingthebowlinthecaseofredwines.Winesshouldbeservedinthesequencewhitebeforered,lightbeforeheavy,youngbeforeold,anditisimpolitetoaskfor,ortooffer,morewine.,Wineculture,32,InChina,Thehosttendstofirstdrinkoffandshowemptyglasstoshowhisrespect.Thentheguestsproposetoasts.Helpthegueststopourwineintotheirglasses.Drinkmoreandmore.(generosity,honesty,warmth),IntheWest,Lessconnotationstowine-drinkingWineisjustakindofcondimentthatmakesdishesmoretasteful.Whentodrink,Howmuchyoudrinkdependonyourself.,33,Contrast,InChina,“atonof”/“ahugeamountof”foodawell-preparedbanquetpublicchopsticks/his-toputfoodforguestswarmth/politenessHelpotherspayfortheirbillcordialityandintimaterelationshipDutchTreatmentbadrelationship/stranger,IntheWest,amplefood/enoughtheexpectation:satisfiedbutnot“stuffed”notsanitary/impolitehelpthemselvesDutchTreatmentindependent(pragmatism,individualism),34,Tablemanners,35,OpenthechairfortheladywhositsonyourrighthandsideSitonherlefthandsideGoodposture:Feetflatonfloor,chairuptothetable,backstraight,headup.KeepyourhandsonthelapDonotsitdownbeforealltheladiesareseatedArmsandelbowsdonotbelongonthetable.,Sittingdown,36,Napkin(1),Whenthehostesstakeshernapkin,openyournapkininhalfandlayitacrossyourlap.Unfoldthenapkinandfoldithalfbeforeputtingitonyourlap.Usetheinsidenapkintogentlywipeyourmouth.DontblowyournoseonyournapkinNapkinsremainonyourlapuntilcompletionofmeal.Neveruseasabib.Ifnapkinsslipaway,neverpickitupdirectly.Askthewaitertopickituporchangeanewone.,37,Napkin(2),Placethenapkinonthearm/backofthechairifyouneedtobeexcused.如要离座,把餐巾放在椅柄/背上Aftercompletion,folditloosely,placethesoilednapkinattheleftofyourplacesetting.用餐完毕,把用过的餐巾放在摆设的左手边,38,Napkin,资料卡餐巾的暗示a.暗示用餐开始（女主人铺开餐巾）b.按时用餐结束(女主人把餐巾放置在桌上）c.暗示暂时离开（放在椅面或椅背上）,餐巾,服装保洁,进行暗示,揩拭口部,掩口遮羞,39,Knife,fork,spoon刀,叉,勺Workfromoutsidein由外到内Restingseparatetheknifeandforkontheplate,bladesfacingin/prongsdown中途离席-把刀和叉分开放在盘子上,摆成八字形，刀锋向内,叉尖向下Doneplacetheknifeandforkparalleledontheplatebladesfacingin/prongsup用餐完毕-把刀和叉平衡放在盘子上,刀锋向内,叉尖向上,Usingtheknives,forksandspoons,40,resting,done,41,Usingtheknives,forksandspoons,Therearetwowaystouseaknifeandafork:TheAmericanStyleTheEuropeanStyle,42,TheAmericanStyle,Whenyouneedtocutsomething,youshouldholdtheforkinyourlefthandandtheknifeinyourrighthand.Aftercuttingoffasmallpiece,laydowntheknifeacrosstheplate(sharpedgestowardyou),andswitchforktorighthandtoeat.,43,TheEuropeanStyle,Whenyouneedtocutsomething,youshouldholdtheforkinyourlefthandandtheknifeinyourrighthand.Aftercuttingoffasmallpiece,usetheforkinlefthand,tinesdown,tospearthefoodandbringintomouthdirectly.,44,DontpointatsomeonewiththechopsticksPutasidethechopstickswhiletalkingtoothers.Dontinsertchopsticksverticallyonthefood.(inmemoryofsomeonedead)Dontusechopstickstopickyourteeth.Resting/DoneeithertotherightorbelowonesplateinaChinesetablesetting.,UsingChopsticks,Putupthebowl,Layon,Dontstickthechopsticksuprightinthebowl.,45,EatingSoup,Dipthespooninthesoupawayfromyourbody.Siptheliquidfromthesideofthespoon,nottheend.Dontputthewholespooninyourmouth.Donotblowonyoursouptocoolit;stiritgentlytocooloff.Spoonsoupawayfromyoutoeat.Donotleavethespooninthebowlputitonthesaucer/platter.,46,EatingBread,Takesomebutterandputitontheplate.Breakapieceofbreadoffwithyourhand.Putsomebutteronthesmallpiece.Dontspreadthebutteroverthewholepieceofbread.,47,MoreEatingTips,Chewwithyourmouthclosed.Eatrollsbytearingoffbitesizepiecesandbutteringonlyonepieceatatime.Cutyoursaladiftheleavesaretoolarge.Neverrestyourelbowsonthetableforearmsareok.Tasteyourfoodbeforeseasoningit(saltandpepperareadded).orviewedasaninsulttothecook,asitshowsalackoffaithintheirabilitytoprepareameal.Passingfood-iffoodisplacedontableinbowls,youpassfromlefttoright.Putthefoodintoyourmouth,48,Dont(1),Slurpwhendrinkingsouporeatingnoodles.喝汤和吃面条时发出声音Keepthespooninsidethebowlorcup勺儿留在汤碗或茶杯里Talkwithfoodinmouth.满口食物时讲话Chewwithyourmouthopened咬食物时把嘴巴张开,49,Dont(2),Burp/Hiccup打嗝Shakeyourlegunderneaththetable摇/抖腿Keepyourelbowsonthetable肘子放在桌上Applylipstickatthetableafterameal加口红Putthewholespooninyourmouth.,50,Whataregoodtablemanners?,Prayandkeepsilentforamoment.Thensay“enjoyyourmeal”toeachotherandstarteating.Keeptheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.Neveraskforasecondbowlofsoup.Neverusefingerswheneatingchickenorotherbirds.Finisheatingeverythingonyourplate.Speakquietlyandsmilealot.Raiseyourglassesandtakeonlyasip.(一小口）,51,napkinputonlaps,ahot,dampclothtocleanface&hands,takeasip/shouldnottouchtheglasses,finishatonce,apairofchopsticksandbowls,twopairsofknivesforksandspoons,awingorlegallowedtousehandstoeatmeatwithbones,chickenbreastDontusefingerswheneatingmeatonbones,DifferencebetweenChinesedinnerandwesternDinner,speakquietlyandSmilealot,SpeakandLaughloudly,52,DifferentculturalbackgroundTakethetablewareforexample(chopsticks,knifeandfork)浙江大学游修龄教授认为：筷子要发源于有竹子的地方。我国北方多木，南方多竹祖先就地取材，竹木均成为我国最原始的筷箸原料。刀叉的出现比筷子要晚很多。刀叉的最