slang-ppt-英语俚语集锦--文化.ppt

Snailmail,Letterssentthroughthepostoffice;mailthatiscarried,asopposedtoe-mail.Example:1)Itcantakeaweektosendaletterbysnailmail.2)IsentthepaymentbysnailmailsoyoushouldgetitbynextFriday.Etymology:Asnailisaveryslow-movingcreature.Thisslangphrasemockstheslownessofregularmailandimplicitlycomparesittothespeedofe-mail.,Whatis“InformalEnglish?”,Nolivinglanguageissimplyonesetofwordswhichcanbeusedthesamewayinallsituations.Thismeansisthattherearemanywaystosaythesamething,dependingonwhereyouare,whoyouaretalkingto,andhowyoufeel.YouarealladvancedenoughinyourstudyofEnglishtorealizethatyoudonottalktoaroommatethesamewayyouwouldtalktoyourroommatesmother.Youdonottalktoabartenderthesamewayyouwouldtalktoajudge.Youdonotrefuseapanhandlerwiththesamewordsyouwouldusetorefuseasecondhelpingofmashedpotatoesataformaldinner.,Whatare“InformalSituations?”,WhenandwhereisInformalEnglishappropriate?ThearemanysituationsineverydaylifewhereinformalEnglishisallowed,evenpreferred.Someexamplesinclude:WhileplayingsportsWhilestudyingwithfriendsAtabarorinformalrestaurantAtapartyorreunionWhilewatchingasportingeventWithclosefamilymembersWithfriendswhileshopping,studyingorhangingoutAtwork(dependingonyourjob)OnadateAtthemovies,Whatis“Slang?”,Slangisasubsetofalanguageusedbyoneparticulargroup.Itconsistsofwordsandexpressionswhichwillnotbefoundinthedictionary,andcanbedistortionsofexistingwordsorentirelyinventedterms.Itisusedininformalsituations.Itisnotappropriateinformalsituations.Examples:pooped,todownadrink,threads,bonkers,basketcase,etc.Slangwordsmayormaynothavealternativeliteralmeanings.Theymaybemadeupwords.,Doyouknowanyslang?,Whatisanidiom?,IDIOM-Aphrasethatiscommonlyunderstoodinagivencultureorsubculturetohaveameaningdifferentfromitsliteralmeaning.Agoodexampleofthisistobendoverbackwards.Thisphraseiscommonlyunderstoodinourculturetomeantoexertanenormouseffortinordertoaccomplishsomething.Theliteralmeaning,however,isthephysicalactitdescribes,ofwhichfewmayactuallybecapableofdoing!,IsSlangOnlyUsedByTheLowerClasses?,Absolutelynot!Thereisuniversalslangthatisusedbyeveryone.However,therearemanysubcategoriesofslangusedbyspecificgroups.Slangcanbeseenasafamilytreewithuniversalslangatthetoprepresentingwordsthatarenotonlyusedconsistentlyinthemedia,butbyvirtuallyeveryone.Thishugecategoryoftermsandexpressionsspansallages,socialgroupsandeconomicgroupswithsuchcommonwordsandexpressionsas:tobetickedofftopigouttostandsomeoneuptogetonessecondwindtobewipedouttogetcanned,Abbreviationsforexample,LASER(lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation),SCUBA(self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus),andTIP(toinsurepromptness).,SpecificGroupsthereisevenregionalslang.Manyofthesesubcategoriescontaintheirownverycolorfulexpressions.Forexample:TEENS:Ourhome-ec(homeeconomics)teacherisreallyphat(beautiful)andherclassisthebomb(great)!RAPPERS:Hey,homie(friend)!Whyyouwallin(beingawallflower)insteadabustinamove(dancing)tothatdefjam(greatmusic)?SURFERS:Thebigmamas(ocean)fullymackin(pumpingout)somegnarlygrinders(hugewaves)withcorduroytothehorizon(oneaftertheother).DINERWAITERS/WAITRESSES(fromthe1950s):Gimmeacoldpigonagreensea(hamsandwichwithlettuce),burn50(ontoast)andputshoesonem;theyregoingforawalk(togo)!DOCTORS:Weneedtogork(anesthetize)thepatientbeforecallingintheblade(surgeon).SOMESOUTHERNERS:Immorescaredthanalong-tailedcatinaroomfullarockinchairsorImmorescaredthanaporcupineinaballoonfactory.,AroundtheWorld,Slangandidiomsareusedthroughouttheworld,andmanyofourowncommonexpressionshaveequivalentsinotherlanguagesinotherplaces.Forexample:AMERICAN:Youllpullingmyleg!FRENCH:Tutepaiesmatete!(literally:Youretreatingyourselftomyhead!)SPANISH:!Meestastomandoelpelo!(literally:Youretakingmyhair!)GERMAN:DuwillstmichwohlaufdenArmnehmen!(literally:Youwanttotakemeupthearm!),AmericanSlang,TheUSAisahugecountry,sothereisnotalotofAmericanslangthatisusedacrossthecountry.Youaremorelikelytoseeregionalslangorethnicslang.SometermsthatwouldberecognizedbyanyAmericanwouldincludeDude,Pal,Buddy-manorfriendCash-papermoneyBread,Dough-anymoneyCool,Hot,Hip-verypopular,somethingorsomeonethatotherswanttoemulateSpud-potatoCop-policeofficerBathroom,Restroom,john,can-toiletChicken-afraidMad-angryDirty-obsceneNuts,ANut-crazy,eccentricPissed-urinated,African-AmericanSlang,TheAfrican-Americansubculturehasspawnedmanyslangtermsthatarerecognizedinmostpartsofthecountry.TheseincludeYo-greeting,hello,attention-gettingwordHomie,brotha-friend,comradeSup-whatsup,whatsgoingonHood-neighborhoodTight-close,goodfriendsDawg-man,friendWord-trueDis-todisrespect,toinsultGangsta-gangsterorgangster-imitator,WhatisJargon?,Aspeciallanguagebelongingexclusivelytoagroup,oftenaprofession.Engineers,lawyers,doctors,taxanalysts,andthelikeallusejargontoexchangecomplexinformationefficiently.Jargonisoftenunintelligibletothoseoutsidethegroupthatusesit.Forexample,hereisapassagefromacomputermanualwiththejargonunderlined:“TheRZ887-xcurrentloopinterfaceallowsthecomputertouseacentronicsblockedduplexprotocol.”,IsItOkayToUseSlangInBusiness?,Businessisnotoriousforcreatingaslangorjargonofitsown.Clearly,anonnativespeakerwhodoesnthaveaworkingknowledgeofbusinessjargonwouldbeataloss.Imaginesomeonenotfamiliarwithidiomsbeingtoldduringameetingthatheorshehasthefloororbeingaskedtotaketheballandrunwithit.Thefollowingparagraphwouldsurelygoovertheheadoftheaveragenonnativespeaker,yetthetermsandexpressionsarecertainlycommoninthebusinessworld(andthisisjustthetipoftheiceberg):IdontknowwhoblewthewhistleonBernie,thepaperpusherinaccounting,buthejustgotcalledonthecarpetbythebigwigsforcallinginsickagain.Ifhedoesntpullittogethersoon,hesgonnagetcanned,andcushjobslikehisdontgrowontrees!,SportJargon,SportsjargonisparticularlywidespreadinbusinesssincesportspermeateAmericanculture.Thismayalsoberelatedtothefactthatbothsportsandbusinessinthepasthavebeenpredominantlyinfluencedbymen.Tomyknowledge,nothinghasshapedthelanguageofbusinessmorethansports,andnotjustonesport:BASEBALL:tofieldaphonecall,tobehomefree,tocomeoutofleftfield,tobeintheballpark,tobeoutofsomeonesleague,topitchideas,thatsonestrikeagainsthim/her.BOATING:tobeonanevenkeel,eachmanforhimself,togodownwiththeship,tolikethecutofsomeonesjib,toshapeuporshipout,tobesmoothsailing,totakethewindoutofonessails.BOXING:togoafewroundswithsomeone,tobeaheavyweight,tobealightweight,tohitbelowthebelt.FOOTBALL:gameplan,toruninterferenceforsomeone,totaketheballandrunwithit,totackleaproblem.HORSERACING:tobedowntothewire,tobefirstoutofthegate,tobeinthehomestretch,tojockeyforposition,tobeleftatthegate,tobeneckandneck,toberightoutofthechute,towinbyanose.SWIMMING:todiverightin,togetonesfeetwet,togoinheadfirst,tosinkorswim,tojumpoffthedeepend,totestthewater.TRACKandFIELD:tocomeinaclosesecond,toclearahurdle,tohavetheinsidetrack,tojumpthegun,tokeeppacewithsomeoneorsomething,topaceoneself,tosetthepace.,CollegeStudentsSlang,BelowisasampleofslangusedbycollegestudentsonthecampusoftheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Whatsup?PhatMybadTrip/trippin/tripoutChillDabombWackLikeFlossStokedCoolGrub,TightPlayaPlayerhaterAightWhatthedealBoutitboutitChickMackWhateverYoForrealthoughKickitshorty,Slang,bigdeal:importantevent;maybeusedsarcasticallytorefertosomethingthatisnotimportantchilloutorcoolit:acommandtostopwhatyouaredoing,relaxblowitoff:toignoreoravoidsomeoneorsomethingcram:Tostudyfranticallythenightbeforeatestbumacigarette:toborrowacigarettebummedout:depressed,Slang,feduporsickofdisgustedwith;tiredoffreakouttolosecontrolofoneselfinanutshellverybrieflyandconciselymoochtoborrowfrequentlyand/ortakethingsfromothers,usuallywithouttheintentionofoutofittiredandnotconcentratingslob1)alazy,fatperson2)apersonwhoisnotdressedneatly3)anuntidyperson,Airhead,airhead:stupidperson.Believeitornot,Davecansometimesactlikeanairhead!,Balls,ball(1):afuntime.Ireallyhadaballattheparty!balloffensive(2):atesticle.Aftergettingkickedintheballs,hisvoiceseemedmuchhigher.,Barf,barf(1):vomit.Mydogbarfedalloverthecarpet.barf(2):vomit.Dontsteponthebarf!,Bazillion,bazillion:aninfinitenumberofsomething.HasDennisreallytaughtabazillionstudents?,B-ball,B-ball:basketball.Doyouwannaplayb-ballwithme?,Beans,beans:money.Iveworkedforthiscompanyfortenyears,butIstilldonthavebeans.,Beat,beat:tired.ImreallybeatbecauseIwasawakeallnight.,Beemer,beemer:aBMW.Hewantstobuyabeemerwhenhemakesmoremoney.,Bod,bod:body.Stalonehasagreatbod!,Bonkers,bonkers;gobonkers:crazy.IfDaveworkstoohard,hesometimesgoesslightlybonkers!,Booboo,booboo:amistake.Imadeaboobooonthelastquestionoftheexam.,Boobtube,boobtube:television.Benjaminisalwaysinfrontoftheboobtube.,Booze,booze:alcohol.TheHalloweenpartywasfun,eventhoughtherewasntanybooze.,Bread,bread:money.CanIborrowsomebread?,Brew,brew(1):coffee.EverymorningDaveneedsafreshcupofbrew.brew(2):beer.Doyouwantanotherbrew,dude?,buns,bunspossiblyoffensive:therearend;buttocks.Dontstareatmybuns!,Bushed,bushed:extremelytired.Imcompletelybushed.,Catchsomerays,catchsomerays:getsomesunshine.Letsgotothebeachandcatchsomerays.,Cheesy,cheesy:cheap;outmoded.Whyareyouwearingsuchcheesyclothes?,Chicken,chicken:coward.Dontbesuchachicken!,Couchpotato,couchpotato:apersonwhowatchestoomuchtelevision.WhydidIhavetomarrysuchacouchpotato?,Crap,crapoffensive(1):somethingworthless.Myfurnitureisabunchofcheapcrap.crapoffensive(2):excrement.Yuck!Isteppedondogcrap!crapoffensive(3):falsehoodsandlies.Ivehadenoughofyourcrap.,Deck,deck:tohitsomeone.Hiswifealmostdeckedhimwhenhereturnedhomewithlipstickonhisshirt.,Dicey,dicey:unpredictable;risky.Gamblingisadiceyoccupation.,Dinero,dinero:money(fromSpanish).IwishIhadmoredinero!,Dirt,dirt:extremelybadperson.Myex-boyfriendwasdirt.,Dorky,dorky:strange;peculiar.Ifyoukeepactingsodorky,youllnevergetagirlfriend!,ElCheapo,elcheapo:somethingcheap.SinceIdontmakemuchmoney,Ialwayspurchasetheelcheapobrand.,Toeyeball,eyeball:tostarelongandhardatsomeoneorsomething.Daveeyeballedhisdaughtersnewboyfriend.,Eyepopper,eyepopper:somethingorsomeonevisiblyastounding.Wow,thatgirlistrulyaneyepopper!,Flaky,flaky:unpredictable.Iwaitedfourhoursformyflakyfriendtoshowup.,Flick,flick:movie.Letsgoouttonightandwatchaflick.,Freebie,freebie:somethingthatdoesnotcostmoney.MytriptoNewYorkwasafreebie.,Geek,geek:someonewhoworkstoohard,ismoreintelligentthanusual,andisslightlyunattractive.BillGatesiskindofageek.,Getit,getit:tounderstandsomething.Sorry,butIjustdontgetit.,Gobananas,gobananas:goslightlymad.Thisprojectiscausingmetogobananas!,Goof/Goofoff/Goofup/Goofy,goof(1):asillyandfoolishperson.Whatagoofyouare!goof(2):makeamistake.Ireallygoofedonthetesttoday.goofoff(1):wastetime.Stopgoofingoffandhelpmecleanthehouse!goof-off(2):someonewhowastestimeandisntserious.Agoof-offneverdoeswellinschoolgoofup:makeamistake.Ohno!Ireallygoofedup!goofy:silly.Kidsalwaysmakemefeelgoofy!,Grubby,grubby:notclean.Ialwaysfeelgrubbyinthemorning.,Guts,guts(1):courage.Ittookalotofgutstoaskhisbossforaraise.guts(2):thenatureofsomething.LetsgettothegutsofDaveSperling!,Hairy,hairy:difficult;dangerous.Thesteepandwindyroadwasreallyhairy.,Head,head:toilet.Ireallyneedtousethehead!,Humungous,humungous:reallybig.Americansupermarketsarehumungous.,Icky,icky:unpleasant.Thefoodisreallyickyintheschoolcafeteria.,In,in:fashionable.Ray-Bansunglassesarereallyinnow.,Jackaround,jackaroundpossiblyoffensive:wastetime.Willyoupleasestopjackingaround?,Jam,jam,ina(1):trouble.Ifyoureinajam,Ipromisetohelpyou.jam(2):improvise(musically).IdlovetojamwithBonJovi!,Jillion,jillion:animmensenumber.Doyoureallyhaveajillionproblems?,Jock,jock:someonegoodatsports.Iveneverbeenmuchofajock.,John,john:toilet.Wheresthejohn?,Kickback,kickback:relaxandenjoy.IwishIcouldkickbackatthebeachtoday.,Killer,killer:somethingexceptionalorgreat.Wow,yourboyfriendiskiller!,Knock,knock:condemn.Dontknockitunlessyouvetriedit.,knockout,knockout:beautifulwoman;handsomeman.Benjaminisalreadyaknockout!,Makewaves,makewaves:causeproblems.Teachersdontlikestudentstomakewaves.,Mickey-mouse,mickey-mouse:unimportant;time-wasting.Imsickofthismickey-mousejob.,Nada,nada:nothing(fromSpanish).Iknownadaaboutpolitics.,Nuke,nuke(1):nuclearweapon.Thisworldhadtoomanynukes.nuke(2):destroy;delete.Sorry,butIaccidentallynukedyoure-mailmessage.nuke(3):cooksomethinginthemicrowaveoven.Canyounukethisfrozenpizzaforme?,Pad,pad:someoneshome.CanIsleepatyourpadtonight?,Paws,paws:hands.Getyourpawsoffme!,Peanuts,peanuts:verylittlemoney.Ilovem