ppt3---Washington-Irving.ppt

AmericanLiterature,PartThreeTheLiteratureofRomanticismIEarlyromanticism(1780-1860),3.1.HistoricalBackground,EnglishRomanticism:PublicationofLyricalBalladsin1798-DeathofWalterScottin1832Characteristics:ImaginationIdealizationofNatureIndividualismGlorificationofthecommonplaceThelureoftheexotic(gothicromanticism),AmericanRomanticism,TheRomanticperiodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.(1800-1860)Anationburstingintonewlifecriedforliteraryexpression.rapideconomic,politicalandculturaldevelopment,swiftexpansion,greatimmigration,burgeoningindustrializationEuropeaninfluencesofRomanticismcounter-Enlightenment:emphasisonintuition,imagination,andfeeling.Nature:aplacefreefromsocietysjudgementandrestrictions.strivemadebyAmericans-culturalindependence,FeaturesofAmericanRomanticism,Puritaninfluence:tendingtomoralize,toedifyratherthantoentertainAfeelingofnewness:uniquesubjectofTheNewWorldThediversityofAmericanromanticism:conventionalyetpopularpoetryofTheFiresidePoets(Longfellow朗费罗，withthethemesof“home,familyandchildren,natureandidealizedlove”)comicfablesofWashingtonIrving;gothictalesofEdgarAllenPoe,thefrontieradventuresofJamesFenimoreCooper;thepsychologicalromancesofNathanialHawthorne,3.2WashingtonIrving欧文(1783-1859),FatherofAmericanliteraturefirstprofessionalAmericanwriterfirstAmericanRomanticwriterfirstAmericanshortstorywriterfirstnativeAmericanauthortowinworldwidefame.,Life,BornintoawealthyNewYorkmerchantfamilyReadwidelyfromveryearlyage-studiedlawCaredforhisfamilybusinessinEnglandWentbankruptwrotetosupporthimself,LiteraryWorks,AHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty纽约外史(1809)TheSketchBook/TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.见闻札记(18191820)“RipWanWinkle”瑞普.凡.温克尔“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”睡谷的传说TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus哥仑布传(1828)TheLifeofGeorgeWashington华盛顿传(18551859)Irvingscareercanberoughlydividedintotwoimportantphases,theEnglishperiodwhichspanfromhisfirstbookupto1832throughthischaracterCoopertriedtocreateanationalmythofhisown.,WritingFeatures,A.intriguingplotconstructionB.majesticlandscapedescription,suggestiveofsirWalterScott,thelegendaryspiritofwhosebordertalesmighthavebeenasourceofinspirationforhim.C.Arichimagination:HehadneverbeentothefrontierandamongtheIndiansandyetcouldwritefivehugeepicbooksaboutthemwithhisrichimagination.D.Clumsystyle:hisstyleisdreadful;hischaracterizationseemswoodenandlackinginprobability.,CoopersDefects,MarkTwainintheessayentitled“FenimoreCoopersLiteraryOffences”:a.improbabilities,b.Dialogueisoftenawkward,c.Characterslackdepth.d.littlesensuousimmediacy;e.sceneandcharactersareimaginedratherthanvisualized.,Cooperscontribution,introducingtheWestandthefrontierasausablepastintoAmericanliterature,creatingthefirstlegendaryfrontierheroNattyBu