工业工程专业英语_周跃进ppt课件

Chapter1IntroductiontoIndustrialEngineering,Unit1IntroductiontoIEUnit2HistoryofIEUnit3AcademicDisciplinesofIEUnit4DevelopmentofIE,1,OriginandDefinitionofIndustrialEngineering,ManufacturingServicesOriginofIEDefinitionofIE,2,Manufacturing,Manufacturingisdefinedasmakingofarticlesbyphysicallaborormachinery,especiallyonalargescale.byphysicallabor:apersonwithhandtoolsusedcraftskillstomakeobjects.bymachinery:ithasplayedanincreasingrole.onalargescale:withthemassproduction,3,Services,Health-caredeliverysystemsTransportationsystemsGovernmentsBanksDepartmentsandsupermarkets,4,CharacteristicsofServices,ProductsareintangibleCloselycontactwithcustomersHighintensive-laborDifficulttoevaluateperformanceDifficulttocontrolqualityofservices,5,OriginalofIndustrialEngineering,EngineeringScienceIndustry,6,Engineering,Engineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofscientificknowledgetothesolutionofproblemsandtothequestfora“betterlife.”e.g.:theEgyptPyramids,theGreatWall,theRomanconstructionCivilChemicalElectricalIndustrialMechanicalMilitaryManufacturingNuclearElectronicComputerAeronauticalAstronauticalBioengineeringAgricultural/Ocean,7,Science,Scienceisconcernedwiththequestforbasicknowledge.e.g.:MathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologySocialscience(Behaviorscience,psychology,philosophy,sociology),8,EngineeringandScience,Engineeringandsciencehavedevelopedinaparallel,complementaryfashion,althoughnotalwaysatthesamepace.Obviously,knowledgecannotbeapplieduntilitisdiscovered,andoncediscovered,itwillsoonbeputtouse.Initseffortstosolveproblems,engineeringprovidesfeedbacktoscienceinareaswherenewknowledgeisneeded.Thus,scienceandengineeringworkhandinhand.,9,Moderneraofengineering,Beginningin1750,EngineeringschoolsappearedinFranceintheeighteenthcentury.Thetermcivilengineerwasfirstusedin1750militaryengineeringcivilengineeringmechanicalengineering:steamengineelectricalscience:electricityandmagnetism,10,DefinitionofIndustrialEngineering,Industrialengineeringisconcernedwiththedesign,improvement,andinstallationofintegratedsystemsofpeople,materials,information,equipment,andenergy.Itdrawsuponspecializedknowledgeandskillinthemechanical,physical,andsocialsciencestogetherwiththeprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisanddesigntospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystems,11,UnderstandingthedefinitionofIE,Industrial:anyorganizationintegratedsystems:afactory,acityspecializedknowledge:mechanical,physical,andsocialsciences,theprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisObjectives:tospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystems,12,UnderstandingthedefinitionofIE,Disciplinecharacter:Engineeringtech.Researchobject:systems(macro/micro)Theorythedesignandconstructionofnewmachines,15,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,FrederickWinslowTaylor(泰勒，1856-1915)Americaninventor,engineer,andefficiencyexpertnotedforhisinnovationsinindustrialengineeringandmanagement.Analyzeandimprovethemethodofperformingwork,reducethetimesrequired,andsetstandards(timestudy)ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911),16,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,FrankB.Gilbreth(吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924)theidentification,analysis,andmeasurementoffundamentalmotionsinvolvedinperformingwork（motionstudy)Thiswasafundamentalstepinthedevelopmentofindustrialengineeringasprofessionbasedon“science”ratherthan“art.”,17,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,Dr.LillianGilbreth(1878-1972),wifeofFrank.Shewitnessedandcontributedtothebirth,growth,andmaturationoftheIEprofession.thefirstladyofengineeringthefirstwomantobeelectedtotheNationalAcademyofEngineering,18,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,HenryLaurenceGantt(1861-1919)AmericanengineerGanttchartTheGanttchartwasasignificantcontributioninthatitprovidedasystematicgraphicalprocedureforpreplanningandschedulingworkactivities,reviewingprogress,andupdatingtheschedule.Ganttchartsarestillinwidespreadusetoday.,19,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,W.A.ShewhartDevelopedthefundamentalprinciplesofstatisticalqualitycontrolin1924.Thiswasanotherimportantdevelopmentinprovidingascientificbasetoindustrialengineeringpractice.,20,FormulationofIndustrialEngineering,Manyotherindustrialengineeringpioneerscontributedtotheearlydevelopmentoftheprofession.Duringthe1920sand1930smuchfundamentalworkwasdoneoneconomicaspectsofmanagerialdecisions,inventoryproblems,incentiveplans,factorylayoutproblems,materialhandlingproblems,andprinciplesoforganization.,21,Scientificmanagement,PeterDruckersystematicworkstudy,22,ChronologyofIE,23,CharacteristicsandFunctionsofIndustrialEngineering,FeaturesofacademicdisciplineIndustrialengineeringasaprofessionProfessionalethicsIEfunctions,24,Featuresofacademicdiscipline,(1)Engineering(2)Cross-disciplines(3)Manufacturingandservicesoriented,25,Industrialengineeringasaprofession,(1)Associatedwithaprofessionisasignificantbodyofspecialknowledge.(2)Preparationforaprofessionincludesaninternship-liketrainingperiodfollowingtheformaleducation.(3)Thestandardsofaprofession,includingacodeofethics,aremaintainedatahighlevelthroughaself-policingsystemofcontrolsoverthosepracticingtheprofession.(4)Eachmemberofaprofessionrecognizeshisresponsibilitiestosocietyoverandaboveresponsibilitiestohisclientortoothermembersoftheprofession.,26,Professionalethics,Engineersarefrequentlyinvolvedindecisionsthathaveaprofoundeffectonsociety.Thedesignofparticulardevicesalmostalwaysinvolvesthesafetyoftheuser.Thedesignoftheprocessesfrequentlyaffectstheenvironment.Thedesignandlocationofafactoryaffectthecommunityanditscitizens.Thedesignofamanagementsystemgreatlyaffectstheindividualsworkingfortheorganizationtheircomfort,theirsenseofworth,theirfinancialstatus,andsoon.,27,IEfunctions,ProductionoperationsManagementsystemsCorporateServices,28,Unit3AcademicDisciplinesofIndustrialEngineering,BigfivedisciplinesManagementOperationsResearchSystemsEngineeringStatisticsErgonomicsManufacturingEngineering,29,Bigfivedisciplines,Bigfive:civil,chemical,electrical,industrial,andmechanicalengineeringOthers:nuclearengineering,electronicengineering,aeronauticalengineering,computerengineering,astronauticalengineering,environmentalengineering,bioengineering,agriculturalengineeringandoceanengineering,30,Management,Productionmanagement-conceptsandtechniquesspecifictotheanalysisandmanagementofproductionactivity;howtoanalyzeanddesignproductivesystemsandthecontrolproceduresforefficientlyoperatingsuchsystemsThetrainingofaracecardriverisanalogoustomanagementeducation:thedesignofthecarisanalogoustoindustrialengineeringeducation.,31,Management,PlanningOrganizingCoordinatingControllingencouragingCommunicating,32,Operationsresearch,DefinitionofO.R.SimilaritytoIENatureofO.R.CategorizationofO.R.,33,Operationsresearch,DefinitionofO.R.Theattackofmodernscienceoncomplexproblemsarisinginthedirectionandmanagementoflargesystemsofmen,machines,materials,andmoneyinindustry,business,government,anddefense.Thedistinctiveapproachistodevelopascientificmodelofthesystem,incorporatingmeasurementoffactorssuchaschanceandrisk,withwhichtopredictandcomparetheoutcomesofalterativedecisions,strategies,orcontrols.Thepurposeistohelpmanagementdetermineitspoliciesandactionsscientifically.,34,Operationsresearch,SimilaritytoIEIEandO.R.havecommonalities.O.R.andIEindeeddohavemanyofthesameobjectivesandworkonmanyofthesameproblems.TheprimarydifferenceisthatO.R.hasahigherleveloftheoreticalandmathematicalorientation,providingamajorportionofthesciencebaseofIE.,35,Operationsresearch,36,Operationsresearch,NatureofO.R.Mathematicalinvolvemente.g.:economicorderquantity（经济订货量）Plantlocation（工厂选址）JobevaluationQualitycontrolTransportationprogrammingproblems,37,Operationsresearch,CategorizationofO.R.DeterministicApproachAnytimerandomvariationisnotallowedProbabilisticApproachAnytimerandomvariationisallowed,38,SystemsEngineering,DefinitionofasystemClassificationsofsystemsSystemsofIE,39,SystemsEngineering,DefinitionofasystemAsystemmaybedefinedasasetofcomponentswhicharerelatedbysomeformofinteraction,andwhichacttogethertoachievesomeobjectiveorpurpose.,40,SystemsEngineering,ClassificationsofsystemsNaturalvs.Man-MadeSystemsStaticvs.DynamicSystemsPhysicalvs.AbstractSystemsOpenvs.ClosedSystems,41,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIEIndustrialengineersdesignsystemsattwolevels.Thefirstleveliscalledhumanactivitysystemsandisconcernedwiththephysicalworkplaceatwhichhumanactivityoccurs.Thesecondleveliscalledmanagementcontrolsystemsandisconcernedwithproceduresforplanning,measuring,andcontrollingallactivitieswithintheorganization.,42,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIEcyberneticsNorbertWiener(1894-1964),Americanmathematicianwhofoundedthefieldofcybernetics.controlandCommunicationintheAnimalandtheMachineClaudeShannon(香农),InformationtheoryTheMathematicalTheoryofCommunication,43,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:Themostcommonlyusedexampleofnegativefeedbackisthethermostat.Whenthetemperaturedropssufficientlybelowsomedesiredvalue,thethermostatinitiatestheheatingportionofthecycle,andtheheatisaddeduntilatemperatureisreachedthatisgreaterthanthedesiredtemperature.Heatingisthenstoppedtopermitcoolingtonegatetheoverheating.Negativefeedbackmeansthatsomeactionistakentoopposeornegateanunacceptabledifference.,44,SystemsEngineering,SystemsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:aconceptualmodelofnegativefeedbackinmanagementsystems,45,Statistics,Statisticshasbeenandwillcontinuetobedistinctfromindustrialengineering.However,theapproachofindustrialengineeringhaschangedsignificantly;theworldaroundusisviewedasprobabilisticinnatureratherthandeterministic.Bydeterministicitismeantthatallactionsunderconsiderationinaparticularstudysituationareassumedtobecertain.Probabilisticimpliesthatatleastoneaspectofthestudysituationhasaprobabilityofoccurrenceassociatedwithitthatmustbeconsidered.,46,Ergonomics,Ergonomicspreviouslycalledhumanfactors,isAsubdisciplineofindustrialengineering,closelyassociatedwithbothindustrialandexperimentpsychology.Human-machinesystemdesign:PhysiologicalaspectsofhumanperformancePsychologicalaspectsofhumanactivitiesHumaninterfacewiththeworldofwork,47,ManufacturingEngineering,ManufacturingEngineeringmaybedefinedasdesigningtheproductionprocessforaproduct.Industrialengineeringandmanufacturingengineeringaredistinctandtypicalcomplementaryfunctionsinamanufacturingorganization.Mostfirmsneedbothfunctionsrepresentedintheirorganizationstobetrulyeffective.Ifonetriestosubstituteonefunctionfortheother,thefunctionomittedtypicallyrepresentsaweaknessinthatmanufacturingorganizationthatwilllikelylimittheoverallcapacityofthetechnicaleffortinthatorganization.,48,ManufacturingEngineering,Atypicalmanufacturingengineeringdepartmentiscomposedofnumeroustechnicalprofessionals(mechanicalengineers,thermodynamicists,materialengineers,computerscientists,etc.).Eachprofessionalrepresentssomepartofthetechnicalprocessesinuseatthatmanufacturingplant.,49,ManufacturingEngineering,Themachinetoanindustrialengineerisablackboxthathasaproductionrate,yieldrate,requiredoperatorskills,processcapabilities,andotherproductionsystemattributes.Theindustrialengineerisconcernedwithdevelopingaproductionsystemthatproducestherequiredquantityofproductsatanappropriatecostandquality.,50,ManufacturingEngineering,Theindustrialengineeringresponsibilityinvolvestheintegrationofworkers,machines,materials,information,capital,andmanagerialknow-howintoaproducingsystemthatwillproducetherightproduct,attherightcost,attherighttime.Manufacturingengineeringtechnicaltalentisoneoftheunderlyingtechnicalplant-supportingresourcesthatguaranteesuccessofthatproductionsystem.,51,ManufacturingEngineering,In