UNIX-CVS_New.ppt

软件工程师培训系列教材UNIX$%!*?|ExceptThedot(.)andunderscore(_),Ch4Metacharacters,Representszeroormorecharacterslsd*,Asterisk(*),Representsanysinglecharacterlsd?lsz?.txt,QuestionMark(?),Matchasetorrangeofcharacterstoasinglecharacterpositionlsb-fb*lsfFf*a?c,SquareBrackets(),Entermultiplecommandsonacommandlinecd;lsdate;cal;pwd,Semicolon(;),Use()toredirecttheoutputofacommandtoafileratherthantothescreenUse()toappendtheoutputofacommandtoanexistingfilecal102004a.txtcal112004a.txtcatf2.txt,AngleBrackets(,),Takestheoutputofonecommandandpassesitasinputintoafollowingcommandcal72003|lpls-l/etc|more,Piping(|),Configurationfiles,webpages,programsourcecodearealltext-basedTextviewersv.s.editors,Ch5TextEditing,DisplaysthecontentsofatextfileonscreenIsoftenusedtojointwoormorefilesintoonelargefilecatfilename(s)cat/dev/null/b.txtcat/etc/passwd|awk-F:print$1“t”$6|sort/userinfo,cat,Displaysthecontentsofatextfileonescreenatatimemorefilename(s)SpacebarScrolltothenextscreenReturnScrollonelineatatimebMovebackonescreenfMoveforwardonescreenhDisplayaHelpmenuofmorefeaturesqQuitandreturntotheshellprompt/stringSearchforwardforstringnFindnextoccurrenceofstring,more,DisplaysthefirstorlastnlinesofoneormorefilesDisplaysfirstorlast10linesbydefaulthead-nfilename(s)tail-nfilename(s)tail-30/usr/dict/words,headfind/export/home/html-name*.html-print|xargsperl-p-i.bak-e“s/Copyright2004/Copyright2005/g;”,find,Searchesafileforaspecifiedtextstringandprintsalllinesthatcontainthatpatterntothescreencasesensitivegrepoption(s)stringfilename-iIgnorecaseofstringwhensearching-vSearchforalllinesthatdonotmatchstringgreproot/etc/passwdls-la|grep-isep1,grep,Displaysaline,word,orcharactercountofafilewcoptionsfilename(s)-lCountslines-wCountswords-CCountscharactersgrepwang/etc/passwd|wc-l,wc,Findsdifferencesbetweentextfilesdiffoptionfile1file2,diff,Summarizediskusagedusk*,du,listtheprocessescurrentlyrunningonthesystem/usr/bin/ps-options-eListeveryprocessnowrunning-fGeneratesafulllisting-uuidlistProcesseswhoserealUIDorloginnamesaregivenpsef|greptelnet/usr/ucb/ps-auwxprstat,ps,Terminateunwantedcommandprocessesthatyoucannotquitinthenormalwaykill-signalprocess-idkill12932kill-912418sleep1001ls%aliaslsls-l%aliascopycp-i%alias%unaliascopy,Aliases,Csh:setprompt=valuesetprompt=hostname:$cwd%“Bash:PS1=hostname$exportPS1,CustomPrompts,#Starting.cshrcumask022setenvCC/usr/local/bin/gccsetenvCCC/usr/local/bin/g+setenvORACLE_BASE/tarenaorasetenvORACLE_HOME$ORACLE_BASE/software/9.0.1setenvORACLE_SIDTARENADBsetenvJAVA_HOME/usr/j2sesetenvMANPATH/usr/share/man:/usr/man:/usr/share/catman:/usr/catmansetenvLD_LIBRARY_PATH/usr/lib:/usr/dt/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/libsetenvEDITORvisetpath=(/usr/j2se/bin/usr/bin/usr/local/bin/usr/ucb/usr/ccs/bin/etc.)sethistory=100setprompt=hostname!%aliasllls-l|morealiasmake/usr/bin/make,An.cshrcExample,CONFIDENTIAL,SetupUnixEnvironmentforC/C+Programming,中国北京：电话：62136369,62196102地址：海淀区北三环西路18号中鼎大厦B座701、709Email：tarena加拿大多伦多：Tel.:1-(647)284-8872Add.:106-7CrescentPlaceToronto,OntarioM4C5L7,Canada,SettingupenvironmentvariablesforC/C+programmingUsingC/C+compilerstogenerateobjectfilesandexecutablesBeingfamiliarwithC/C+compilercommonoptionsWritingyourownmakefilesGettingonlinehelp,Goals,CCspecifiesCcompilerCCCspecifiesC+compilerPATHspecifiespathtolocateexecutablesLD_LIBRARY_PATHspecifiesdirectoriesfromwhichthelinkerlooksforsharedlibraries,EnvironmentVariablesforC/C+Programming,Settingupenvironmentvariablesin.cshrcinuserhomedirectoryAsample.cshrcfile,SettingupEnvironmentVariablesforcsh,SfileinuserhomedirectoryAfilefile,SettingupEnvironmentVariablesforOtherShells,File:Hello.c,#includevoidmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gcchello.c%a.outHelloTarena!%,TheFirstCProgram,CComplierscc/gccC+Compliersg+GNUmake,UnixC/C+ProgrammingEnvironment,gccofile.c,#includevoidmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gccohellohello.c%helloHelloTarena!%,CompilerOptionsGeneratingSpecifiedFiles,gcc-w,#includevoidmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gccohellohello.chello.c:4:warning:returntypeofmainisnotint%gccwohellohello.c,CompilerOptionsGivingoutWarningInfoDuringCompiling,gccL-l,#include#includeintmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gccwohellohello.clsocket-lnsl,CompilerOptionsSpecifyingSharedLibrariesandTheirPaths,gcc-I,#includeintmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gccwI./ohellohello.c,CompilerOptionsSpecifyingIncludePaths,gccg,#includeintmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%gccwgcohello.ohello.c%gccohellohello.o,CompilerOptionsGeneratingDebug,InformationinObjectFiles,makeTheoutputfilehasthesameprefixasthesourcefileEnvironmentvariablesCCandCCCspecifyCandC+compilersrespectively,#includevoidmain(void)printf(“HelloTarena!n”);%makehello/usr/local/bin/gccohellohello.c,UsingMaketoGenerateASimpleExecutable,Makefilename:makefileorMakefileDefiningdependenciesElementsinmakefileMacros:Syntax:VARIABLE=VALUESample:CC=/usr/local/bin/gccDependencies:Syntax:target:dependenciescommandsSample:hello:hello.o$(CC)ohellohello.o$(LIBS),ProjectMakeFile,CCC=/usr/local/bin/g+CPPFLAGS=-gLIBS=-lsocket-lnslEXEC=testCreateOBJS=testCreate.ocreate.oall:$(EXEC)clean:rm$(OBJS)$(EXEC):$(OBJS)$(CCC)-o$(EXEC)$(OBJS)$(LIBS)create.o:create.cc$(CCC)$(CPPFLAGS)-c-ocreate.ocreate.cctestCreate.o:testCreate.cc$(CCC)$(CPPFLAGS)-ctestCreate.cc-otestCreate.o,ASampleMakeFile,Syntax:maketargetSample:makemakeclean,UsingMakeFile,Fromonlinemanual,weknowHeaderfilesshouldbeincludedLibrariesshouldbeusedThesignatureofafunctionOtherrelatedinformationForexample:%mansocket,ccflag.file.-lsocket-lnsllibrary.#include#includeintsocket(intdomain,inttype,intprotocol);SEEALSOnca(1),close(2),fcntl(2),ioctl(2),read(2),write(2),accept(3SOCKET),bind(3SOCKET),connect(3SOCKET),getsockname(3SOCKET),getsockopt(3SOCKET),listen(3SOCKET),recv(3SOCKET),setsockopt(3SOCKET),send(3SOCKET),shutdown(3SOCKET),socketpair(3SOCKET),attributes(5),in(3HEAD),socket(3HEAD),GettingUnixOnlineHelp,CONFIDENTIAL,TarenaHigh-EndITTraining,ConcurrentVersionSystem,中国北京：电话62136369地址：海淀区北三环西路18号中鼎大厦B座701、709室邮编：100086Email:beijing中国上海：电话61202603地址：上海市北京东路668号(上海科技京城)C区9楼邮编：200001Email:shanghai加拿大多伦多：Tel:1-(647)284-8872Address:106-7CrescentPlaceToronto,Ontario,CanadaPostCode:M4C5L7,CVSinstallationThefunctionsofCVSThestructureofCVSHowtouseCVSTherelatedtechnologies,Goals,http:/www.loria.fr/molli/cvs-index.htmlJCVSusenetgroupcomp.software.config-mgmt,CVSResources,DownloadCVSbinaryversionfrominternet,inabrowsertypeftp:/,CVSSampleInstallation,Createadirectoryandmakeitaccessibleforuserswhowanttouseit#mkdir/users/cvs#chmod777/users/cvsInitialCVSrepository#cvsd/users/cvsinitLoginascommonuserandsetCVSenironmentAddsetenvCVSROOT/users/cvsto.cshrcforcshelluserAddCVSROOT=/users/cvs;exportCVSROOTfileforothershelluser,CVSLocalConfiguration,1.Becomesuperuser2.Addlinecvspserver2401/tcpto/etc/services3.Addlinecvspserverstreamtcpnowaitroot/export/home/openlab/cvs/bin/cvscvs-f-allow-root=/export/home/openlab/cvspserverto/etc/inetd.conf4.SendsignalSIGHUPtosuperdaemoninetd#pkillHUPinetd5.Creategroupcvsandusercvs6.BecomeusercvsandinitialCVSrepository%setenvCVSROOT=:pserver:cvsopenlab.ca:/export/home/openlab/cvs%cvsinit,CVSNetworkSampleServerConfiguration,7.Make$CVSROOTaccessibletousers%chmod777/export/home/openlab/cvs8.Addusersto$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/writersand$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd,CVSNetworkSampleServerConfiguration(cont.),CVSROOTtellingCVSwheretherepositoryiscsh:setenvCVSROOTrepository_direxample:setenvCVSROOT:pserver:gzhuopenlab:/export/home/openlab/cvsothershells:CVSROOT=repository_dir;exportCVSROOTexample:CVSROOT=:pserver:gzhuopenlab:/export/home/openlab/cvs;exportCVSROOTCVSEDITORtellingwhateditorusedtoeditcommentscsh:setenvCVSEDITOR/usr/bin/viothershells:CVSEDITOR=/usr/bin/vi;exportCVSEDITORPATHtellingfromwhichdirectoryyoucanfindcommandsforCVSCSH:setenvPATH/export/home/openlab/cvs/bin:$PATHOtherShells:PATH=/export/home/openlab/cvs/bin:$PAHT;exportPATHMANPATHtellingthelocationofonlinemanualforCVScsh:setenvMANPATH/export/home/openlab/cvs/man:$MANPATHOthershells:MANPATH=/export/home/openlab/cvs/man:$MANPATH;exportMANPATH,CVSClientEnvironmentVariables,.cshrc,TheSampleCShellScript,.profile,TheSampleBShellScript,ConcurrentVersionControlSystemMulti-versionMulti-programmerSourceCodeBackupSystembackupModificationrecord,CVSfunctions,CVSClient,CVSServer,FileServer,File,CVSStructure,$CVSROOT-yoyodyne-tc-Makefile,v-backend.c,v-driver.c.v-frontend.c,v-parser.c,v-man-tc.1,v-testing-testpgm.t,v-test2.t,v,TheRepositoryHierarchy,1.LogontoCVS%cvslogin2.Setupanewproject1.makeadirectory%mkdirnnm%cdnnm2.maketheprojectdirinyourhome%cvsimportm“networknodemanagement”nnmv_0_0_1start%cd.%cvscheckoutnnm/*onlyfirsttime*/,BuildingYourCVSSystem,Addinganewfile%cvsaddfile.cMakingchangespermanent%cvscommitfile.c,MakingChangesinTheCVSRepository,Checkingthestatusofallfiles%cvsstatusCheckingthestatusofafile%cvsstastusfile.cFile:file.cStatus:Up-to-dateWorkingrevision:Repositoryrevision:1.2/home/cvsroot/cvstest/file.c,vStickyTag:(none)StickyDate:(none)StickyOptions:(none)FourpossiblestatusUp-to-date：thelatestversionLocallyModified：modifiedwithoutcommitNeedingPa