Hispanic-and-Latino-Americans.ppt

HispanicandLatinoAmericans,WhoareHispanics?,AmericanswithoriginsinSpain,WhoareLatinos?,AmericanswithoriginsinLatinAmerica,Forthislecture,IllrefertothisgroupasHLA(Hispanic/LatinoAmericans),Thereare28HLAGroups,Mexican,PuertoRican,Cuban,DominicanRepublic;CentralAmerican:CostaRican,Guatemalan,Honduran,Nicaraguan,Panamanian,Salvadoran,OtherCentralAmerican;SouthAmerican:Argentinian,Bolivian,Chilean,Colombian,Ecuadorian,Paraguayan,Peruvian,Uruguayan,Venezuelan,OtherSouthAmerican;OtherHispanicorLatino:Spaniard,Spanish,SpanishAmerican,AllotherHispanic.,IdentityofHLA,African-AmericansareidentifiedbytheirraceButpeopleofallracescanbeHLAiftheyarein1ofthe28groups,HLAare15.1%ofthepopulation(about45.4millionpeople),HLAarethemajorityinmuchoftheSouthandWest,Thelargestofthe28HLAgroupsisMexicansThereareover29millionMexican-Americans(64%ofallHLA),History,FloridaCaliforniaMexicanEraUnitedStatesEra,Florida,In1513,JuanPoncedeLeonsailedtotheNewWorld,Florida,OnApril2nd,1513,hediscoveredabeautifulbeachHethoughtitwasanislandHeclaimeditforSpainandnamedtheland“LaFlorida”,Florida,Forthenext100years,theSpanishandFrenchcompetedtocontrolFloridaBothcountriessettlednewtownsandcitiesTheymadeallieswithdifferentNativeAmericantribesandusedthemtofighteachother,Florida,SpainslowlylostpowerinFloridaItcouldntcompetewiththeFrenchcoloniesintheWestandtheEnglishcoloniesintheNorthSpanishtownswereoftenattackedbyNativeAmericans,Florida,1819,California,TheSpanishwerethefirstEuropeanstobeginexploringCalifornia,startingin1530Inthebeginningtheymadenosettlementsonthelandandtheythoughtthatitwasanisland,California,About250yearslater,theRussiansandBritishwerebeginningtoexpressinterestinCaliforniaCharlesIII,theking,startedsendingsettlersin1765tosecureSpanishclaims,California,TheSpanishsettlementswerecalled“CaliforniaMissions”EachMissionhadreligiousworkers,soldiersandfarmersTheywereusedtostrengthenSpainsclaimsandconvertNativeAmericanstoCatholicism(天主教),California,TheCaliforniaMissionsstretchedover600milesEachmissionwasonly30milesapart,allowingtraveltimetolastjustonedaybyhorse,California,California,Intheearly19thCentury,rebelsbeganfightingSpainforindependenceFinally,SpainwasdefeatedandtheMexicanEmpirewasestablishedin1821,MexicanEra,ReligiousworkerswereremovedfromtheCaliforniaMissionsTheMexicangovernmenthelpedfamiliesbuild“Ranchos”HundredsoffamiliesdidbusinessinSouthernCalifornia,MexicanEra,LargenumbersofAmericansbeganmovingintoNorthernCaliforniatosettleanddobusiness,eventhoughthejourneywasextremelydangerous,MexicanEra,Meanwhile,AmericanfamilieswerealsosettlinginTexas.SoonthereweremoreAmericansthanMexicansinTexasTheyeventuallyaskedandthenfoughtforindependencefromMexico,MexicanEra,TheTexansdefeatedMexicoandwonindependencein1836TheywantedtojointheUSbutwererefusedbecauseitwouldcauseawarbetweenUSandMexico,MexicanEra,Butin1845,amajorityoftheAmericangovernmentwasabletotakeTexasTexasbecamethe28thUSstatein1845,MexicanEra,TheAmericangovernmentbegansendingtroopsintoTexas,CaliforniaandtheotherWesternlandsIn1846,16soldierswerekilledbyMexicantroopsTheUSdeclaredwar,MexicanEra,MexicanEra,MexicanEra,MexicanEra,TheMexican-Americanwarlastedfrom1846to1848,MexicanEra,MostMexicanfamilieslivinginthelandnewly-takenbytheUSdecidedtostayandbecomecitizens,ratherthangoSouthtoMexico,MexicanEra,Duringthesameyearasthewarsend(1848),goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaThefollowingyearswereknownasthe“CaliforniaGoldRush”25,000MexicansmovedtoCalifornia,aswellasthousandsofSouthAmericansMostwouldstayandbecomeHLA,QuizTime!,1.WhoareLatinoandHispanicAmericans?,LatinoAmericanshaveancestorsinmostofLatinAmericaandHispanicshaveancestorsinSpain,2.HowmanyHLAgroupsareintheUSandwhichisthelargest?,Thereare28HLAgroupsandthelargestisMexican-Americans,3.WhatpercentofUSpopulationisHLA?,15.1%(about45.4millionpeople),4.WhichUSregionshavecommunitieswhereHLAarethemajority?,TheSouthandtheWest,5.WhydidtheSpanishloseFlorida,TheSpanishhadcoloniesallacrossSouthAmericaandcouldnotfocusonFlorida.CompetitionfromAmericans,FrenchandNativeAmericanswastoomuch.Finally,theUStookFlorida.,5.WhydidtheSpanishloseFlorida,TheSpanishhadcoloniesallacrossSouthAmericaandcouldnotfocusonFlorida.CompetitionfromAmericans,FrenchandNativeAmericanswastoomuch.Finally,theUStookFlorida.,6.WhydidtheSpanishstartsettlingCalifornia250yearsaftertheyclaimedit?,BecauseRussiansandBritishwereexpressinginterestinusingthelandfortheirowntrade,7.Whatwere“CaliforniaMissions?”,CaliforniaMissionsrepresentedSpainandincludedreligiousworkers,soldiersandfarmers.Theyweresettled30milesapart,over600milesfromSouthtoNorthCalifornia.TheirpurposewastokeepthelandfromotherEuropeanpowersandtoconvertNativeAmericanstoCatholicism.,7.Whatwere“CaliforniaMissions?”,CaliforniaMissionsrepresentedSpainandincludedreligiousworkers,soldiersandfarmers.Theyweresettled30milesapart,over600milesfromSouthtoNorthCalifornia.TheirpurposewastokeepthelandfromotherEuropeanpowersandtoconvertNativeAmericanstoCatholicism.,8.WhowonCaliforniafromtheSpanish?,Mexico,9.TheMexican-AmericanWarlastedfrom1846to1848.Whydidthewarbegin?,AmericanshadbeenmovingintotheNorthoftheMexicanEmpire(California,Texas,etc)andsoonoutnumberMexicans.TexansfoughtMexicoandwontheirindependencein1836.Mostimportantly,in1845,TexasjoinedtheUS.ThewarbeganthenextyearwhenAmericansoldierswerekilled.,10.WhyistheCaliforniaGoldRushimportantforHLAhistory?,Because25,000MexicansandthousandsofSouthAmericansmovedtoCaliforniaduringthistimeandeventuallybecameAmericancitizens.,QuestionsorComments,TheAmericanEra,CulturalContributionsSomeFamousHispanicandLatinoAmericansPoliticsandSocialIssues,CulturalContributions,Latinmusic,especiallythedrumming,hasinfluencedmanyAmericanstylesofmusicLatinmusicisverypopularwithdancersintheUSSalsa(Cuba)andReggaeton(Panama)aretwoofthemostpopularstyles,CulturalContributions,Spanishisnowthe2ndmostcommonlanguageintheUSthankstoHLA78%ofHLAcanspeakSpanishand9%canonlyspeakSpanish,CulturalContributions,AllproductssoldinUSarelabeledinEnglishandSpanishThereare1000sofSpanishmediaoutlets(tv,magazine,book,etc)inUSUnivisionandTelemundoarethetwobiggestSpanish-LanguageUStelevisionstations,CulturalContributions,MostAmericanslovetoeatLatinAmericanfood,especiallyMexicanfoodWhenIwasgrowingup,myfamilyateattheMexicanrestaurantdowntownatleastonceamonth,CulturalContributions,InChengduyoucantryMexicanfoodat“PetesTex-Mex”itsneartheWestgateofSichuanUniversity,CulturalContributions,HLAhavebeenverysuccessfulinAmericansports,especiallyfootball,baseball,boxingandultimatefighting(ufc),FamousHLA,FamousHLA,ChristinaAguileraFamilybackgroundincludesEcuador(厄瓜多尔)PopSinger,songwriterandphilanthropistOver42albumssoldand4GrammyAwardswon,FamousHLA,SoniaSotomayorFamilybackgroundincludesPuertoRico(波多黎各)SheisthefirstHLAjudgeintheUSSupremeCourt(美国最大的高法院)ShewasappointedbyObamain2009,FamousHLA,AlexRodriguezFamilybackgroundincludestheDominicanRepublic(多米尼加共和国)PlaysbaseballfortheNewYorkYankees(USbestteam)Youngestbaseballplayertohavesomuchsuccess,PoliticsandSocialIssues,EducationandIncomelevelsareverydifferentbetweenthe28HLAgroupsSomegroupshavehighpovertyandloweducation,othergroupsaretheoppositeForMexicans,thelargestHLAgroup,only48%ofstudentsgraduatefromhighschooland23%liveinpoverty,PoliticsandSocialIssues,HLAown1.6millionbusinessesintheUSImportantcompaniessuchasCoca-Cola,CBSandtheLosAngelesAngelshavehadHLAbosses,PoliticsandSocialIssues,Asof2007,therewereover5000HLAelectedgovernmentworkersHLAinfluencecanbefoundinallpoliticsfromsmalllocaltownstoWashington,PoliticsandSocialIssues,UnlikeAfrican-Americans,HLAarenotunitedbehindonepartyOnaverage,57%voteforDemocratsand23%voteforRepublicans67%ofHLAvotedforObamain2008,PoliticsandSocialIssues,OneofthemostimportantreasonsforHLAvotingdecisionsishowcandidatestreatIllegalImmigration,PoliticsandSocialIssues,Thereareabout12.5millionillegalimmigrantsintheUS56%arefromMexicoand22%arefromotherLatinAmericancountries,PoliticsandSocialIssues,So,itislikelythatHLAvotersmightberelatedtoillegalimmigrantsThisiswhyacandidatesopiniononthisissueissoimportantforHLAvotersModernIllegalImmig